初中英语重点词汇(一) 33页

词汇精讲初中英语重点词汇（一）魏朝鑫制作\n两个短语均可用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较急，意义一样，可以通用。例：Theyarefeelingabit/alittletired.他们感到有点儿累。修饰不可数名词时，alittle可以直接连用，但abit需要加of，再跟不可数名词。例：Ineedalittle/abitofmoneytobuythebook.我需要一点钱买这本书。notalittle意为“非常”、“很”，而notabit则意为“一点也不”。例子Heisnotabitengry.他一点也不恼火。Sheisnotalittlehungry.她很饿了。辨析：abit，alittle\n在表示位置关系时，均有“在……上方”的意思，但above表示“斜上方”，反义词为below。over表示“正上方”，反义词为under。表示“越过”时，要用over。e.g.TheplaneflewoverthecityofNanjing.那架飞机飞越南京城而去。表示气温、还把的“高于”，一般用above。e.g.Thelowesttemperaturewillbe8℃abovezerotonight.今晚的最低温度将是零上8摄氏度。over还有“多于”、“超过”的意思，相当于morethan。e.g.Overfiftystudentsareoverthere.那边有50多个学生。辨析：above，over\naccept指友谊是的，经过考虑的，意为“接受”receive是无意识的，无法事先考虑，意为“收到”。e.g.Ireceivedagiftfromher,butIdidn’tacceptit.我收到了她给我的礼物，但我没有接受。辨析：accept，receive\n这两个词都是“穿过的意思，介词，across表示穿过某处时，它的左右两边无障碍物，而用through时，两边有障碍物。e.g.whentheytravelledthtoughtherorest,theysawmanymonkeys.他们穿过森林时，看见许多猴子。Wewalkedacrossthesquareandcametothemuseum.我们穿过广场，来到了博物馆。说“横过马路”、“横渡江河”均需用介词across，即：acrosstheroad，acrosstheriver。辨析：across，through\n考点突破·人教版词汇点睛1byprep.靠；通过；在……旁边，靠近；沿着，经由；由于；不晚于，不迟于[搭配]by＋动作执行者(用于被动语态中)bybus(train，plane，ship)乘公共汽车(火车、飞机、轮船)shakesbbythehand和某人握手bydoing用……的方式Thereisapowerstationbytheriver.河边有一个电厂。\n│考点突破·人教版Hewalkedbymewithoutspeaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。Ididitbymistake.我误做了此事。They'reimprovingdaybyday.他们在一天天地改进。Canyoufinishyourworkby5：00pm?你能在下午五点之前完成你的工作吗？活学活用(1)IlearnEnglish_______________________.我通过大声朗读学习英语。(2)Thehousewasdestroyed__________.房屋被火烧毁了。byreadingaloudbyfire\n·人教版2impressv．使印象深刻[点拨]impressedadj.(使人)感到印象深刻的；impressingadj.令人印象深刻的；impressionn．印象。其常用搭配为impresssbwithsth或impresssthonsb。活学活用Theteacher'swords____________meonmymemory.老师的话铭刻在我的记忆里。impressed\n·人教版3patientadj.忍耐的，有耐心的[点拨]patient的反义词是impatient。其常用搭配为：bepatientwithsb/sth对某人/某事有耐心bepatientatsth对某事有耐心活学活用(1)I'dbeenwaitingfortwentyminutesandIwas________________________.我等了二十分钟，有点儿不耐烦了。(2)Don'tbe__________withher.Sheisonlyachild.不要对她没有耐心，她只是一个孩子。gettingimpatientimpatient\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版4deathn．死；死亡[拓展]diev．死，死亡；deadadj.死亡的；dyingadj.要死的活学活用(1)Her________isashocktohim.她的死对他是个打击。(2)Flowerssoon________withoutwater.花如果没有水很快就会死。(3)Theboy'slittlepetdogis________.Heisverysad.这个男孩的小宠物狗死了。他很伤心。deathdiedead\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版5priden．得意；自豪[点拨]pride的形容词形式为proud“自豪的”，常用搭配：takepridein＝beproudof对……感到自豪/骄傲Theywereproudoftheirsuccess.＝Theytookprideintheirsuccess.他们对他们的成功感到骄傲。\n·人教版6afraidadj.害怕的[搭配]beafraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsb/sth/doingsth＝beterrifiedof…害怕某人/某事/做某事Theoldmanwasafraidtocrossthestreetalone.那位老人害怕一个人过马路。Sheisafraidofherfather.她怕她父亲。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup,forhewasill.她唯恐吵醒她的丈夫，因为他生病了。Don'tbeterrified/afraidofthedark.不要害怕黑暗。\n·人教版7cost,take,spend与pay[辨析](1)cost意思是“花费(金钱)”，主语一般是物，sthcostsb＋money“某物花了某人……钱”。(2)take意思是“花费(时间或金钱)”，主语一般为事物，常用it作形式主语，Ittakessbsometimetodosth“某人花一些时间做某事”。(3)spend意思是“花费(时间或金钱)”。主语一般为人，常和介词on/in搭配。spendsometime/somemoneyonsth花费多长时间、多少金钱在某物(事)上；spendsometime/somemoney(in)doingsth花费多长时间、多少金钱做某事。\n·人教版(4)pay意思是“花费(金钱)”，主语一般为人，常和介词for搭配，sb＋pay＋money＋forsth“某人买某物付……钱。”[注意](1)payfor付款，赔偿(2)牢记这些动词的过去式和过去分词spend—spent—spentpay—paid—paidcost—cost—cost\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版活学活用()(1)—Michael，haveyoufoundoutthepriceoftheticket?—Yes.Eachticket________￥180.A．spendsB．costsC．buysD．pays()(2)—Whatanicewatch!Isityours?—Ofcourse.I________180yuanonit.A．costB．tookC．spentD．paidBC\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版8giveup放弃[点拨]giveup后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。若宾语为代词时，要用宾格且放在两词中间。Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.去年他戒了烟。[拓展]后接动名词的动词短语：lookforwardtodoingsth渴望做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事feellikedoingsth想做某事cannothelpdoingsth忍不住做某事putoffdoingsth推迟做某事\n·人教版句型透视1Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.我过去怕黑。[点拨]usedtodosth表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在不再做了。Heusedtobecomeangry.他过去常常生气。\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版[拓展](1)beusedtodoingsth表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。(2)beusedtodosth＝beusedfordoingsth表示“被用来做某事”。Amyisusedtogettingupearly.艾米习惯早起。Knivesareusedtocutthings.＝Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀是用来切东西的。\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版活学活用()(1)He________beaquietboy.A．isusedtoB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．gotusedto()(2)Everypossiblemeans________topreventthewaterpollution，buttheriverisstillnotclean.A．hastouseB．areusedC．hasbeenusedD．haveusedBC\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版Sometimestheyhavedisagreementsanddecidenottotalktoeachother.有时，他们意见不一致，并且决定互相不说话。[点拨]decidetodosth决定干某事decidenottodosth决定不干某事makeadecision做决定Wealldecidedtogotherebybike.我们都决定骑自行车去那里。Theydecidednottobuythatbookbecauseit'stooexpensive.他们决定不买那本书了，因为太贵了。Studentsmadeadecisiontodohomeworkontime.＝Studentsdecidedtodohomeworkontime.学生们决定按时做作业。\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版3Andunlesswedealwithourproblems,wecaneasilybecomeunhappy.除非我们处理我们的问题，(否则)我们很容易变得不开心。[点拨]unless相当于if…not,引导条件状语从句。Iwon'tmeetherunlessshecallsme.除非她给我打电话，否则我不会去见她。活学活用()We'llgotothemountains________itrainstomorrow.A．ifB．unlessC．untilD．sinceB\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版高频考点()1.Mygrandma________mefunnystorieswhenIwasachild.A．isusedtotellB．isusedtotellingC．wasusedfortellingD．wasusedtotelling()2.Theoldmanusedtobeahistoryteacher，________？A．isn'theB．wasn'theC．didn'theD．useheCD\nPERIOD16│考点突破·人教版()3.Ourteachernevergivesup________us.A．helpsB．helpingC．helpedD．tohelp()4.Iwon'tbelievewhatyousaid________Iseeitbymyself.A．sinceB．whenC．becauseD．unlessBD\nPeriod17│[Units3-4,Book9]Period17[Units3-4,Book9]·人教版\nPeriod16│基础过关基础过关►词汇专练Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1.StudentsreadEnglisha________everymorning.2.Americansspellsomewordsd__________fromtheBritish.3.Thestudentshadt________ingettingtothetopofthehill.4.Pleasekeepthes________betweenyouandme.5.Myd________lifehaschangedalotsinceIenteredthisnewschool.·人教版loudifferentlyroubleecret(s)aily\nPeriod16│基础过关Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子1.Studentsshouldpayattentiontotheir____________(发音)whentheyspeakEnglish.2.Thewomanisvery________(耐心的)withyoungchildren,andtheyalllikeher.3.Everyonewill________________(犯错误)inlife.4.Mostoftheboysinourclasswanttobe________(士兵)．·人教版pronunciationpatientmakemistakessoldiers\nPeriod16│基础过关5.Theradiosaysthatitwillbesunny________(以后)．6.Whenshewasalittlegirl，shewasafraidof___________(游泳)．7.Themother________________(以……骄傲)herson'ssuccess.8.Wemustmakea________(决定)beforewegothere.·人教版lateronswimmingtakesprideindecision\nPeriod16│基础过关Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Hismother's________(die)madehisfamilybecomemoredifficult.2.Ican'timaginehowthelittleboymanagedtodoitallby________(he).3.Educationisoneofthemostimportantpartsofacountry's___________(develop).4.Hecan________(easy)workoutthemathproblem.5.Manychildrenlikeeating________(candy).It'sbadfortheirteeth.6.Manygirlsareafraidof________(walk)aloneatnight.·人教版deathhimselfdevelopmenteasilycandieswalking\nPeriod16│基础过关Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词1.请根据这几幅画和你的同伴一起编一个新的对话。Please________________anewconversationwithyourpartneraccordingtothepictures.2.在老师的帮助下，我们解决了这道难题。________________________________theteacher，wesolvedtheproblem.3.请不要嘲笑他。Pleasedon't________________him.·人教版►句型专练makeupofWiththehelplaughat\nPeriod16│基础过关4.实践是学好一切本领的最佳途径。Practiceis_______________________tolearneverything.5.尽管那个老人已经80岁了，但他仍然能自己做许多事。________________theoldmanis80yearsold，hecanstilldomanythingsbyhimself.6.我的生活在最近几年发生了很大变化。Mylife________________________________inthelastfewyears.7.我最终决定去大连。________________________，IdecidedtogotoDalian.·人教版bestthewaythoughEvenlothaschangedaendInthe\nPeriod16│基础过关8.他不再是个年轻的人了。Heis________________ayoungman.9.我爸爸太累了，开着灯就睡了。Myfatherwasverytiredandfellasleep________________________________.10.我们为吉姆在数学竞赛中取得好成绩感到自豪。We_____________________Jim'sgoodgradesinthemathcompetition.·人教版longernoonwiththelightpridetakein\nPeriod16│基础过关Ⅱ.句型转换CouldyoutellmehowIcanimprovemyEnglish？(改为简单句)Couldyoutellme______________________myEnglish?2.HelearnsEnglishbystudyingwithagroup.(对画线部分提问)________________________learnEnglish?·人教版hetohowimproveHowdoes\nPeriod16│每日一辨每日一辨beusedtodosth，usedtodosth与beusedtodoingsth(1)beusedtodosth表示“被用于做某事”，是被动结构，强调主语是动词use的承受者。(2)usedtodosth表示“过去常常做某事”，特指在过去经常发生的动作，而现在已不再发生，其中usedto是情态动词。(3)beusedtodoingsth意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后须接名词或动词ing形式。·人教版