初中英语知识点 11页

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  • 2022-08-15 发布

初中英语知识点

  • 11页
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英语学习介绍及知识点练习一.本周教学内容:英语学习方法介绍Module1二.重点、难点HowtolearnEnglish.三.具体内容*英语学习方法同学们在经历了小学简单的英语学习之后,进入到初中开始正规系统的学习了,小学的英语学习其实是简单的,单一的,它没有完整的知识系统。小学英语学习最主要的就是积累简单常用的词汇,诸如:apple,banana,house,family等等,另外就是树立对外国语言的学习兴趣,这是小学英语学习的最主要功能。然而进入初中之后,词汇量的大量增加,系统语法知识的庞大,短语搭配的增多,课文文章的加长,还有中考应试的压力,这一切都让初中学习可能感到不知所措,很茫然。所以就要形成正确的英语学习方法和技巧,这一定对你以后学习有重大帮助。我们可以从下面几个方法重视下:1.单词的记忆。其实英语的学习历来都把单词的学习作为重点,初中也不例外。我们一定要记住,单词记忆切忌孤立的,单纯的背诵单词。也就是说我们每记一个单词都要相应的记住每一个用这个单词在内的一个例句,因为单词的意思只能在句子中体现,有意思我们才不容易忘掉,而孤立的无意思的不容易记住。2.语法的学习。初中是开始学习系统语法知识的重要阶段。这阶段语法学习好了,以后语法就会感到很轻松。初中一定要把重心放在语法上,就是名词,介词,冠词,代词,形容词等上面,建议每学习一个语法点,在学校教室里抄过一边笔记后,回家静下心来,再重新整理一遍笔记,去粗取精,这其实是回顾温习的过程,并且要做好分类,不同重要程度的或者难易程度的要用不同的颜色区别对待,并时常翻阅。3.文章的学习。同学们在学习文章前一定要预习老师即将要讲的内容,事先把自己认为比较难的单词语法和句子划出来,这样就可以有的放矢。课本上的文章一定要精读,不能说看懂了就可以,而是要把每一个重要的单词和句子都要吃透。同时对文章中的经典词汇和段落要记笔记,甚至要会背诵,为后面的写作打基础。4.写作的学习。写作学习请大家牢牢记住下面两句话。“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟”,强大的阅读功底是写出好文章的保证,只有输入的多了才能输出的多,这也是鼓励大家多读课外文章还有精读文章的原因。*Module1HowtolearnEnglish(一)词语辨析1.Listen和hearListen表示“听”或者“倾听”,仅有听的动作,至于听到与否不知。属于不及物动词,其后加介词to,才能跟宾语。eg:Studentsshouldlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass。学生应该在课堂上认真听老师讲课。hear表示听的结果(听到或未听到),有“听到,听见”、“听说”之意。eg:Ilistened,butcouldn’thearanything.我听了听,但什么也没听到。11\nIheardthathewasasinger.我听说他是一位歌手。2.look与read,look看,因想看而投注目光,不管结果如何,表动作。eg:Ilooked,butIcouldn’tseeclearly.我看了看,但没能看清。read阅读,看,指阅读有文字之类的东西。eg:Grandpaoftenasksmetoreadnewspaperstohim.爷爷经常要我给他读报。3.write与copy,write意思是“写,书写”或“写信(给某人)”,指用一种书写工具形成文字的过程、动作。eg:Heiswritingtohisaunt。他正在给他的姑姑写信。copy意思是“抄写”、“誊写”、“复制”和“模仿”等,表示把已有的东西用不同的方式再呈现一遍。eg:Bettyiscopyingthesentencesontheblackboard.贝蒂正在抄写黑板上的句子。4.shy与afraidshy表示“害羞的,怕生的”,在句中作定语或表语。Heisshybynature.他生性怕羞。(作表语)Shemadeashysmile.她流露出羞答答的微笑。(作定语)还表示动物“易受惊的,胆怯的”。eg:Thehorsewasshywhenithappeneduponatruck.当这匹马碰见一辆卡车时,就受惊了。afraid表示“害怕的,担心的”,在句中只作表语。eg:Hewasafraidthatthesnakewouldbite.他害怕蛇会咬人。还表示“恐怕”引出不好的消息或带有歉意的回绝。eg:I’mverymuchafraidIcan’thelpyou.十分抱歉,我恐怕帮不了你。5.while与whenwhile表示“正当……时”,指同时,用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的两动作进行对比。eg:Somestudentswerereadingwhileotherswerewriting.一些学生在读书,而有些学生在写字。Somebodybrokeinwhilewewereout.在我们出门不在的时候,有人破门而人。when表示“当(在)……时”(=atthetimethat),可表示瞬间、时间段,与主从句所述动作可同时,也可有先后。eg:Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.当我们到达机场时,天在下着雪。(同时发生)Whenwaterbecomessolid,wecallitice.当水变成固体的时候,我们管它叫冰。(先后发生)6.complete与finish这两个词作动词时,都有“完毕,结束”11\n的意思,都可以跟名词或代词。finish经常跟动名词,表示“干完某事”,但是不能接不定式。eg:Ifinishedreadingthebookyesterday.我昨天看完了那本书。(正确)Ifinishedtoreadthebookyesterday.(错误)complete还可作adj.表示“完成的,完结的”。eg:Whenwillworkonthenewrailwaybecomplete?新的铁路工程什么时候完工?(二)重难点句子分析1.I’mgoingtogiveyousomeadvice.我要给你们一些建议。精讲:句中give有两个宾语,you是间接宾语,someadvice是直接宾语。本句可变为,I’mgoingtogivesomeadvicetoyou。像give这样的动词还有pass,teach等。eg:Mr.SmithteachesusEnglish.(双宾语)Mr.SmithteachesEnglishtous.(单宾语)但是,当所谓的直接宾语是代词时,不能用双宾语结构。eg:Pleasepassmeit.请把它递给我。(错误)Pleasepassittome.请把它递给我。(正确)2.YoushouldalwaysspeakEnglishinclass.你应该在课堂上一直讲英语。精讲:should是情态动词,后接动词原形;always作为频率副词置于动词前;inclass,在课堂上,表示在上课的过程中。许多“介词+名词”结构,表示动作在进行中。eg:atwork在上班,onvacation在度假,onfoot步行,bybike骑自行车,等等。3.IenjoywatchingEnglishfilmsandlisteningtorealEnglishsongs.Butittakesalongtime.我喜欢看英文电影和听地道的英文歌曲。但是要花费很多时间。(1)enjoydoingsth.表示“喜欢干某事”,该句中enjoy后接两个宾语,即watchingEnglishfilms和listeningtorealEnglishsongs。(2)real是形容词,表示“真正的,地道的”,其副词是really。(3)it作形式主语。完整句型为ittakessb.sometimetodosth.,完整句子为ittakesmealongtimetowatchEnglishfilmsandlistentorealEnglishsongs.4.Writethemonpiecesofpaperandplacetheminyourbedroom.把它们写在几张纸上,然后把它们放在你的卧室里。精讲:(1)这是一个and连接的并列句。在第一个单句中。Onpiecesofpaper意思是“在几张纸上”。eg:Onlotsofpiecesofmeat在许多片肉上;Onapieceofpaper在一张纸上;ontwopiecesofbread在两片面包上。(2)在第二单句中,place意思是“安置,放置”,在卧室里用介词in。5.Everymonth,lookatthelist,andtrytodecideifyou’regettingbetter.每个月,都看看这个清单,然后尽量判断是否你在进步。精讲:(1)这也是一个and,连接的并列句。在第二单句中,trytodecide意思是“11\n尽量决定”。if为“是否”,连接的从句作decide的宾语。(2)getbetter中get=become,起系动词作用。eg:It’sgettingcolder.=It’sbecomingcolder.天气正在变冷。6.Thenwhydon’tyoulookforsomepeoplewhospeakEnglishinyourtown?那么你何不在你的家乡寻找一些会说英语的人呢?精讲:(1)该句是“whydon’t...”句型,用来提出建议,不是询问为什么不做某事的原因。eg:—Whydon’twedrivetothezoo?我们为什么不开车去动物园呢?—OK.好吧。(2)some一般用于肯定句中,当用于疑问句中时,则表示“希望对方作出肯定回答”。eg:—Wouldyoulikesomemore?你愿意再来点吗?—Yes,please.好的,请给一点吧。(3)who…引导的从句作people一词的定语,语序为陈述语序。who为从句的主语,语序不发生变化。eg:Pleaseaskthemwheretheycomefrom.请问问他们来自哪里。7.Ifthereisn’t,whydon’tyoustartonewithyourfriends?如果没有的话,你何不与你的朋友们一起创办一个?精讲:该复合句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句,多用一般现在时态,而主句多用一般将来时态。eg:IfYaoMingcomestoourhometown,Iwilltakeaphotowithhim.如果姚明来到我们家乡,我要与他合影。8.It’sagoodideatolistentoChinaRadioInternationalandtosongsinEnglish.听中国国际广播和英文歌曲是个好主意。精讲:(1)it为形式主语,真正的主语是tolisten.(2)listento跟两个宾语ChinaRadioInternational和songs。(三)交际用语与背景知识向对方提建议的用语:1.YoushouldalwaysspeakEnglishinClass.“你应该在课堂上一直说英语。”Youshould(not)+动词原形十……。表示劝告某人应该或不应该干什么。注意:情态动词should或shouldn’t后接动词原形。eg:YoushouldspeakEnglishloudlyinclass.课堂上你应该大声讲英语。Youshouldn’tpaintonthewall.你不应该在墙上涂画。2.HowaboutlisteningtotheradioorreadinganewspaperinEnglish?听英文广播节目或读英文报刊怎么样?该句型的结构是:How/Whatabout…?“……怎么样?”11\n表建议。语气相当委婉,但必须注意about是介词,其后接动词时要变成动名词。eg:How/Whataboutgoingtothecinematonight?今晚去看电影怎么样?注意:这两个句型还可以用来征求意见和看法。eg:—I’mafraidTomisn’tfitforthejob.恐怕汤姆不适合这个工作。—How/WhataboutJack?杰克怎么样?3.Andwhydon’tyouwritedownthecorrectspellingandgrammarnexttothemistakes?你为何不把正确的拼写和语法写在出错误的地方呢?Whydon’tyou...?在这里同样是用来表示建议,“为什么不……?”。eg:Whydon’tyouaskyourclassmatesforhelp?为什么不向你的同学请求帮助?4.中国人表扬某人在某方面表现很出色,经常用“善于;擅长……”,英文用begoodat...或dowellin...如文中的句子:Trytorememberallthethingsyou’regoodatinEnglish,andmakealist.尽量记住你在英语方面擅长的所有事情,并列一个单子。注意:两个短语可以互相替换,at和in都是介词,其后跟名词或动名词。eg:I’mgoodatplayingthepiano.=Idowellinplayingthepiano.我擅长弹钢琴。另外,西方人赞扬某人还经常用口语Congratulations!祝贺!或Welldone!干得好,好样的!【模拟试题】一.单项选择1.Takeexerciseeveryday,_______youwillbecomestrongandhealthy.A.orB.andC.butD.while2.Pleasekeep______!I’mtryingtostudyforthemathstest.A.quietlyB.quietC.noisyD.noisily3.Youshouldpractisemoreto______yourEnglish.A.rememberB.improveC.guessD.translate4.Canyou_____upto100inaminute?A.countB.translateC.matchD.remember5._______thecolourwiththeword.A.ChooseB.ForgetC.MatchD.Improve6.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,tryto______whenyoureadapassage.A.writeB.spellC.askD.guess7.Ina______lesson,youcanlearnhowtosaywordscorrectly.A.pronunciationB.grammarC.spellingD.translation8.WhenyoulearnEnglish_______,youlearntherulesofEnglish.A.vocabularyB.meaningC.grammarD.pronunciation9.Howabout________themistakeinredink?A.correctB.correctingC.tocorrectD.notcorrect10.Try_______everynewwordinthedictionarywhenyoureadapassage.A.lookupB.tolookupC.notlookupD.nottolookup11\n二.完型填空Manyanimalsusesomekindsof“language”.Theyusesignals(信号)andthesignalshavemeanings(意义).Forexample,whenabeehasfoundsomefood,itgoes__1__itshome.Itis2forabeetotell3beeswherethefoodisbyspeakingto4,butitcandoalittledancing,Thistellsthe’—beeswherethefoodisand5itis.Someanimalsshowhowtheyfeelbymakingsounds.Itisnotdifficulttotellifadogisangry6itbarks(吠).Birdsmakeseveraldifferentsoundsand7hasitsownmeaning.Sometimeswehumans(人类)makesounds8.Wemakesoundslike“Oh!”or“Oueh!”toshowhowwefeelaboutsomethingorwhenwe9somethingonourfeet.Wehavelanguages.Wehavewords.Thesewordshavethemeaningsofthings,action(行动),feelingorideas.Weareabletogiveeachotherinformation(信息),writingdownwords.Wecan10whathashappenedorsendmessagestopeoplefaraway.1.A.outofB.onwithC.awayfromD.backto2.A.importantB.difficultC.necessaryD.impossible3.A.eachotherB.anotherC.theotherD.others4.A.itB.himC.themD.themselves5.A.howlongB.howfarawayC.howmanyD.howold6.A.sothatB.beforeC.untilD.when7.A.eachB.everyC.allD.some8.A.inthesamesoundB.bythedifferentsoundC.inthesamewayD.bythedifferentways9.A.putB.dropC.fallD.set10.A.sayB.rememberC.knowD.hear三.阅读理解AStudentslearntheirlessonsinclass.Inclassteachersteachthem.Studentssitintheclassroomlisteningtotheteacher.Thisisawayoflearning.Isthistheonlywayforstudentstolearnsomething?Ofcoursenot.Thereisanotherwaytolearn.Thatisstudentscanteachthemselves.Forexample,ifyoucannotremembersomethingwhenyouaredoinghomework,youcanlookatyourbooktofindtheanswer.Thisisawaytoteachyourself.Anditisnotadifficultthing.Wecandothisatanyplaceandatanytime.Howdoyouteachyourself?Thefirstyoumustdoisreading.Readsomethingyouareinterestedin,oryouhavetoread.Thesecondisthatyoumustaskyourselfquestions.Thequestionissomethingyoudon’tunderstand,oryouwanttoknowmoreabout.Youcanwritedownthesequestions.Acleverstudentisusuallygoodataskingquestions.Thethirdistoanswerthequestionbyyourselfbythinkinghard,byreadingthetextorotherbooks,andsometimesbyaskingotherpeople.Thisisthewayofteachingyourself.Andyoumustdothisallbyyourself.Ifyoukeepdoinglikethisforalongtime,youaresuretosucceedinyourstudy.1.Listeningtotheteacherisforstudentstolearnsomething.A.notawayB.thebestwayC.theonlywayD.nottheonlyway11\n2.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.AstudentcanteachhimselfonlyinclassB.ItisahadwaytolearnfromtheteacherC.AstudentcanlearntoteachhimselfifhewantstoD.Studentsknowverywellhowtoteachthemselves3.Inteachingyourself,thefirstthingyoumustdois.A.writingB.readingC.askingD.answering4.Cleverstudentsusuallylike.A.askingquestionsB.answeringquestionsC.findinganswersD.teachingothers5.Ifyouwanttosucceed,you’dbetterlearn.A.howtoteachothersB.howtoteachyourselfC.toreadandwritecarefullyD.howtoaskquestionsBThebestwayoflearningalanguageisusingit.ThebestwayoflearningEnglishistalkinginEnglishasmuchaspossible.Sometimesyou’llgetyourwordsmixedupandpeoplewillnotunderstandyou.Sometimespeoplewillsaythingstooquicklyandyoucan’tunderstandthem.Butifyoukeepyoursenseofhumor(幽默),youcanalwayshaveagoodlaughatthemistakesyoumake.Don’tbeunhappyifpeoplelaughatyourmistakes.ThemostimportantthingforlearningEnglishis.“Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakesbecauseeveryonemakesmistakes.”6.Thewriterthinksthatthebestwayforyoutolearnalanguageis.A.writingB.usingitC.listeningD.learninggrammar7.WhatshouldyoudoinlearningEnglish?A.Becarefulnottomakeanymistakes.B.Writeasquicklyasyoucan.C.SpeakEnglishasmuchasyoucan.D.Laughmoreoften.8.Whenpeoplelaughatyourmistakes,youshould.A.notcareB.hehappyC.feelworriedD.beunhappy9.Whenyoumakeamistake,youshould?A.keepquietB.getangryC.bekindD.keepyoursenseofhumor10.Thestorytellsus:“.”A.OnlyfoolishpeoplemakemistakesB.FewpeoplemakemistakesC.PeoplenevermakemistakesD.Thereisnoonewhodoesn’tmakemistakes四.根据汉语完成句子1.Whydon’tyousit_____________(靠近)me?2.Whynot_____________(散步)intheparkaftersupper?3.Howabout_____________(去野营)thissummerholiday?4.Youshould___________(写下)yourideasinyournotebook.5.______doyou________aboutLuXun’sarticles?(对……看法)11\n6.Mary______________(喜欢看)cartoons.7.Sonnyisn’tshyatallbecauseshecanspeakEnglish_________________(在前面)theteachers.8.Try______________________(不要考虑)allthenewwordswhenyoufinishasonginEnglish.9.YesterdayI______________(忘记)mykeyathome.五.句型转换1.HeleniswritingtheemailtoherauntinAmerica.(就画线部分提问)______isHelenwritingtheemail_______inAmerica?2.SimonmustenjoyhimselfinChina.(改为同义句)Simonmust_______________inChina.3.YaoMingisgoodatplayingbasketball.(改为同义句)YaoMing____________________playingbasketball.4.“Whereareyoufrom?’Samaskedtheforeignteacher.(改为同义句)Samaskedtheforeignteacher________he_______________六.情景对话Rob:Hi,Morn.I’mhome!Morn:1It’salmost5:00.Rob:Sorry.IwasatSam’shouse.Mom:2Rob:Listeningtomusic.SamhasalotofgreatCDs.Youshouldhearsomeofthem.Morn:MaybeI’lldothatsometimelater.Rob:3Morn:Now?I’mbusycooking.Rob:Itdoesn’tmatter.Samletmeborrowsomeofthem.See?Morn:Samletyouborrowsomeofthem?4Rob:Ionlyborrowed15CDs.Samhasmorethan200.Morn:That’salotofCDs.5Rob:Hedoes.HespendshisMom’smoney,too.A.Sammustspendallofhismoneyonmusic.B.Whatwereyoudoing?C.WhatshouldIdonow?D.Itlookslikeyouborrowedallofthem.E.Sammustlovemusicverymuch.F.Wherehaveyoubeen?G.Howaboutnow?七.书面表述假如你叫李明,是个中学生,经常收听音乐节目。请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要点如下:(1)你很喜欢这个节目,特别是英语歌曲;(2)学习很忙,疲劳时,你会打开收音机,听这个节目;11\n(3)从英语歌里你学了很多单词;(4)你最喜欢“MyHeartWillGoOn”这首歌,希望得到歌词(wordsOfthesong)。注意:①信要通顺、连贯;②词数70左右。信的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。Dearsir,I’mahighschoolstudent11\n【试题答案】一.1—5BBBAC6—10DACBD二.1—5DDCCB6—10DADBC三.1—5DCBAB6—10BCADD四.1.nextto2.takewalks3.goingcamping4.writedown5.What;like6.likeswatching7.infrontof8.nottothinkabout/of9.left五.1.Who;to2.havefun3.doeswellin4.where;wasfrom六.1—5FBGDA七.Dearsir,I’mahighschoolstudent.Ioftenlistentoyourmusicprogram.Ilikeitverymuch,especiallytheEnglishsongs.Asastudent,I’mbusywithmystudies.WhenIfeeltired,Iwillturnontheradioandlistentoyourprogram.I’vealsolearnedmanyEnglishwordsfromthesesongs.OfalltheEnglishsongs.Ilike“MyHeartwillGoOn”best.Wouldyoupleasesendmethewordsofthesong?Yours,LiMing【励志故事】居安思危  洪水未到先筑堤,豺狼未来先磨刀。  一只野狼卧在草上勤奋地磨牙,狐狸看到了,就对它说:“天气这么好,大家在休息娱乐,你也加入我们队伍中吧!”野狼没有说话,继续磨牙,把它的牙齿磨得又尖又利。狐狸奇怪地问道:“森林这么静,猎人和猎狗已经回家了,老虎也不在近处徘徊,又没有任何危险,你何必那么用劲磨牙呢?”野狼停下来回答说:“我磨牙并不是为了娱乐,你想想,如果有一天我被猎人或老虎追逐,到那时,我想磨牙也来不及了。而平时我就把牙磨好,到那时就可以保护自己了。”  温馨提示:做事应该未雨绸缪,居安思危,这样在危险突然降临时,才不至于手忙脚乱。“书到用时方恨少”11\n,平常若不充实学问,临时抱佛脚是来不及的。也有人抱怨没有机会,然而当升迁机会来临时,再叹自己平时没有积蓄足够的学识与能力,以致不能胜任,也只好后悔莫及。年级初二学科英语版本外研社期数6701内容标题英语学习方法介绍Module1分类索引号  G.623.3分类索引描述  学习资料主题词英语学习方法介绍Module1栏目名称 同步课堂编稿老师张建舒审稿老师录入一校二校审核11

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