初中英语音标教学 10页

初中英语国际标准音标练习元音(20个)单元音12个前元音(4个)[i:][i][e][æ]　　　　　　　后元音(5个)[ɑ:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]　　　　　　中元音(3个)[ʌ][ə:][ə]　　　　　　　　双元音8个合口双元音(5个)[ei][əu][ai][au][ɔi]　　　　　　集中双元音(3个)[iə][uə][ɛə]　　　　　　　　辅音(28个)清辅音(11个)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][tʃ][tr][ts][h]浊辅音(17个)[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dʒ][dr][dz][l][m][n][ŋ][j][w][r]　　　　　/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//æ/fat/fæt/have/hæv/cat/kæt/back/bæk/hat/hæt//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//ɔ:/horse/hɔ:s/saw/sɔ:/corn/kɔ:n/course/kɔ:s/salt/sɔ:t//ɔ/dog/dɔg/pot/pɔt/cost/kɔst/what/wɔt/honest/′ɔnist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//ʌ/must/mʌst/does/dʌz/money/′mʌni/ugly/′ʌgli/come/kʌm//ə:/nurse/nə:s/bird/bə:d/burn/bə:n/turn/tə:n/girl/gə:l//ə/better/betə/never/nevə/worker/wə:kə/welcome/welkəm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eidʒ//əu/no/nəu/home/həum/hope/həup/wrote/rəut/note/nəut/pose/pəuz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/ə′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//ɔi/boy/bɔi/toy/tɔi/noise/nɔiz/voice/vɔis/point/pɔint/coin/kɔin//iə/ear/iə/near/niə/idea/ai′diə/hear/hiə/mere/miə/spear/spiə//εə/air/εə/tear/tεə/care/kεə/dare/dεə/fair/fεə/there/ðεə//uə/tour/tuə/poor/puə/sure/ʃuə/moor/muə/(停泊)your/juə//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/tɔp/cap/kæp/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/blæk/bear/bεə//t/let/let/sat/sæt/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/10\n/d/led/led/sad/sæd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/diə//k/lack/læk/take/teik/clock/klɔk/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/læg/glass/gla:s/gum/gʌm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/sə:f/favorite/′feivərit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:və/serve/sə:v/never/′nevə//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θɔ:t/author/´ɔθə/truth/tru:θ//ð/the/ðə/they/ðei/that/ðæt/mother/′mʌðə/thus/ðʌs/then/ðen//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/kæps/likes/laiks/stops/stɔps//z/close/kləuz/keys/ki:z/boys/bɔiz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//tʃ/catch/kætʃ/cheep/tʃi:p/rich/ritʃ/watch/wtʃ/child/tʃaild/question/kwestʃən/teach/ti:tʃ/challenge/tʃlindʒ//dʒ/orange/′ɔridʒ/large/la:dʒ/juice/dʒu:s/job/dʒɔb//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/træk//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/driŋk/hundred/′hʌndrid//ʃ/she/ʃi:/sharp/ʃa:p/fish/fiʃ/shock/ʃɔk/shoe/ʃu://ʒ/pleasure/′pleʒə/measure/′meʒə/television/′teliviʒən//ts/let′s/lets/sports/spɔ:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/hændz/birds/bə:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/stændz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/hə:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/lə:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/mɔ:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//ŋ/sing/siŋ/wing/wiŋ/ring/riŋ/long/lɔŋ/beautiful/bju:təfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/wə:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wɔt/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rəud/write/rait/wrong/rɔŋ/problem/′prɔbləm/10\n音标综合练习1./i://i//e//æ//bit//wi:k//di:l//riəl//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//pæk//gæp//kæg//næg//ræm//bætl//sed//′hæpi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//træʃ//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://ɔ://ɔ//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//ɔd//lɔ:n//nɔ:t//pɔ:z//fɔks//sɔk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:dʒ//ma:k//lɔ:d//tɔ://stɔ:m//pɔt//krɔp//θɔt//prɔmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./ʌ//ə//ə//bʌz//dʌl//′hʌri//gʌlf//′trʌbl//ə:n//sə:f//′tə:nə//′begə//tʌk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/kə:b//ə:k//ə′merik//′sɔkə//′kæmpə//sə′vei//pə′veid//pə′hæps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/bə:′lesk//′mə:də/burlesquemurder3./ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi//keip//greit//mein//prəpəuz//′məuʃən//stəun//′əuvə//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mɔist//′ɔistə/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./iə//ɛə//uə//viə//ə′fɛə//dɛə//skɛə//buən//guəd//′ruərəl//ə′piə//kəlʌmbiə/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia10\n/mətiəriəl//mistiəriəs/materialmysterious5./θ//ð//mʌnθ//θi:f//ðæt//ðæn//feiθ//tə′geðə//θæŋk//ðəm′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves元音音素：/i:/【衣发长点】/I/【衣急促地发声】/e/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来，嘴唇放松自然地读】/æ/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来，嘴唇扁平地发】/ə:/【额发长音】/ə/【额发短音】/∧/【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】/a:/【啊嘴巴长到最大】/כ/【哦急促】/כ:/【哦声音拖长】/u/【乌急促】/u:/【乌声音拖长】/eI/【有点像答应人的“诶”的声音】/aI/【唉】/כI/【哦－喂连着读】/əu/【呕】/au/【傲】/Iə/【衣－饿连着读】/εə/【哎－饿连着读】/uə/【乌－饿连着读】辅音音素：/p/【普不要把ǔ给发出来，轻音】/b/【不不要把ù给发出来，浊音】/t/【特不要把è给发出来，轻音】/d/【得不要把é给发出来，浊音】/k/【克不要把è给发出来，轻音】/g/【各不要把è给发出来，浊音】/f/【福不要把ú给发出来，轻音】/v/【有点像摩托车启动的声音，“呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“vúvúvú”一样，不要把ú给发出来，浊音】/s/【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把ī给读出来，轻音】/z/【就是/s/的浊音】10\n/θ/【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】/δ/【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】/∫/【西不要把ī给发出来，轻音】/з/【衣不要把ī给发出来，浊音】/h/【喝不要把ē给发出来，轻音】/r/【若不要把uò给发出来，浊音】/t∫/【七不要把ī给发出来，轻音】/dз/【姬不要把ī给发出来，浊音】/tr/【缺不要把uē给发出来，轻音】/dr/【撅不要把uē给发出来，浊音】/ts/【次不要把ì给发出来，轻音】/dz/【自不要把ì给发出来，浊音】/m/【嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音】/n/【嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/ŋ/【嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/l/【有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发呕，浊音；而是放在音标中发了，浊音】/w/【我不要把ǒ给发出来，浊音】/j/【呀不要把ǎ给发出来，浊音】所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。1．关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2.元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)[i]sit,build,miss,myth 3)[e]bed,desk,head, 4)[æ]bad,land,bank,stamp 5)[a:]car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt 6)[ɔ]hot,want 7)[ɔ:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught 8)[u:]good,who,blue,soup, 9)[u]look,put,women,could 10)[Λ]cup,come,blood,rough 10\n11)[ә:]girl,work,serve,nurse 12)[ә]cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday 13)[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great, 14)[ai]bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye 15)[әu]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow 16)[au]house,town 17)[ɔi]boy,oil 18)[iә]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce, 19)[εә]pear,care,there,fair 20)[uә]tour,poor,3.容易混淆的元音1)[e][æ]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland 2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid 3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide 4)[au][ɔ:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause 5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon4.辅音1)[p]pen, 2)[b]bed,comb 3)[t]tell, 4)[d],day,played,wanted 5)[k]cold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box 6)[g]big,go,guess,language 7)[m]man 8)[n]nine,knife,autumn 9)[η]bank,uncle,English,sing, 10)[l]land,world 11)[r]read,write, 12)[f]five,cough,laugh 13)[v]voice,of 14)[θ]think, 15)[ð]this,bathe 16)[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf 17)[z]zoo,close, 18)[∫]sure,she,social,nation 19)[/]pleasure, 20)[h]hot,who,hour 21)[w]wall,what,answer 22)[j]yes 23)[t∫]child,teach,catch 24)[d/]joke,bridge, 25)[ts]boats 26)[dz]goods 27)[tr]tree 10\n28)[dr]dream5.容易混淆的辅音1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell 2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath 3)[z][ð]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes 4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang 6.读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节[ә]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday7.特殊读音1)音的连读：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3)音的同化：thisyear,Wouldyoudoit?Can'tyouseeit?8.重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss, im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment, c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette 2)句子重音A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D)实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现10\nHethinksofthatasachildthinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation. c) 代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone. d) 感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis! e) street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.f) this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican. Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker. b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom. c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith. d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim. e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.  英语发音连读的规则连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：~)(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.10\nHere~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer与and不可连读）(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea？Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”—常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，didyou听上成了/dIdVu/，wouldyou成了/wudVu/，couldyou成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Is~ita~hatoracat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.（book与in之间不可以连读）Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?（English与or之间不可以连读）Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?（meet与at，eight与or之间不可以连读）Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.（door与and之间不可以连读）失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.10\nWhatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Goo(d)morning,dear.UncleLi’sfa(c)toryisqui(te)neartothecinema.Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Idon’(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.Goo(d)luck,LinTao10