初中英语作文常用谚语、俗语 19页

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1>Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。2、Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.一知半解，自欺欺人。3、Allriversrunintosea.海纳百川。4、AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。5、AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。6、Abadbeginningmakesabadending.不善始者不善终。7、Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。8、Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.知音难觅。9、Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。10、Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.得朋友难，失朋友易。11>Agoodbeginningishalfdone.良好的开端是成功的一半。12、Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.善始者善终。13、Agoodbookisagoodfriend.好书如挚友。14、Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。15、Amother'sloveneverchanges.母爱永恒。\n16nAnappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.一天一苹果，不用请医生。17、Asingleflowerdoesnotmakeaspring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。18、Ayear'splanstartswithspring・一年之计在于春。19、Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。20、Betterlatethannever.不怕慢，单怕站。21、Byreadingweenrichthemind•读书使人充实，22nCareanddiligencebringluck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。23、Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess・自信是走向成功的第一步。24、Customisasecondnature.习惯是后天养成的。25、Custommakesallthingseasy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。26、Doingisbetterthansaying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。27、Donothingbyhalves.凡事不可半途而废。28nDon'tputofftilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.今日事，今日毕。29>Don'ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻烦。30、Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起身体好。31、Easiersaidthandone.说得容易，做得难。32、Easycome,easygo・来也匆匆，去也匆匆。\n33、Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。34、Everymanhashisfaults.金无足赤,人无完人。35、Everymanisthearchitectofhisownfortune.自己的命运自己掌握。36^Everyminutecounts^分秒必争。37、Eachcoinhastwosides.任何事物都有两面性38、Factspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。39、Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。40、Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves・自助者天助。41、Healthisbetterthanwealth.健康胜过财富。42>Honestyisthebestpolicy.做人诚信为本。Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst-抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。44>Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。45Knowledgeispower知识就是力量46>Likemother,likedaughter.有其母必有其女。47、Nopain,nogain.（不劳无获。）不知晓OO48>Youneverknowtillyouhavetried.不尝试,49.Anidleyouth,aneedyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50nDiligenceisthemotherofsuccess.勤奋是成功之母。52、Experienceisthebestteacher.经验是最好的教师。\n44>Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老,学到老。45、Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量46、Likemother,likedaughter.有其母必有其女。47>Nopain,nogain.（不劳无获。）\n48、Youneverknowtillyouhavetried.不尝试，不知晓。。49、Anidleyouth,aneedyage•少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligenceisthemotherofsuccess.勤奋是成功之母。51、Experienceisthebestteacher•经验是］:好的教师。52、Nothingintheworldisdifficultifyousetyourmindtoit•世上无难事只怕有心人53、Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.有志者事竟成。54、Practicemakesperfect・（熟能生巧。）55、Pridegoesbeforeafall.（骄傲必败。）56、Earlytobed,earlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起，使人健康富裕聪颖。初中英语总复习知识点归纳冠词a/an的用法a用于辅音音素前ausefulbook,auniversity,a"u"Onceaweekhaveaswim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/resthaveacold/headache/fever/coughhaveagoodtimehaveatryinahurryafterawhilekeepadiarygoforawalkinaminuteinawordinashortwhilean则用于元音音素前anhour,anhonestboy,an"AEFHILMN0RSX"keepaneyeon定冠词the的用法：1）特指双方都明tl的人或物：Givemethebook.2）上文提到过的人或事:…Doyouknowtheladyinblue?-Yes,sheistheteacherofa\nuniversity.3）指世上独一物二的事物thesun（sky/moon/earth/world/nature/universe）4）单数名词连用表示一类事物,女U：thedollar美元;Thelionisawildanimal.或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人：therich/poor/blind/aged/living/impossible5）用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词onlyvery,same等前血Iliveonthesecondfloor.6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm.7）用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano\violin\guitarinthenorthofChina8）用在普通名词构成专有名词前：thePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedStatestheGreatWalltheSummerPalace9）用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:theGreensareplayingthepiano.10）intheday,inthemorning（afternoon，evening）,inthemiddle（of）,intheend,allthetimeatthesametimeonthewhole,bytheway,gotothecinemaatheageofsixatthebeginningofthetwenty・firstcenturyontheothersideofatthemomentthedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky（water,field,courttry）inthedark,intherain,不用定冠词的情况1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词:China,Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋2）物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之/母。3）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；Children'sDayMother'sDayFather'sDay4）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；Heiscaptainoftheteam.5）在三餐、四季，球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：havebreakfast/supper/lunch,playbasketball/football/volleyball/chess,inspring/summer/autumn/winter6）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus/train/taxi/bus/ship7）DayandnightfacetofacesidebysidestepbystepwatchTVatschool/work/homeatfirst/lastindangerintroubleonfootondutyonwatchinbedontimeintimegotoschoolgotoworkbytaxi/bikeatnoonatnightonTVattown部分词组有无冠词的区别inhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…的前面inthefrontof在■…内部的前面gotoschool上学gototheschool到学校去anumberof=alotof许多，谓语动词用复数。Thenumberof--的数目，•…的总数，谓语动词用单数（第三人称单数）名词：专有名词和普通名词（个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词）可数名词的单数变复数①一般情况加s②以s,xshch,等结尾的词加・esbus-buseswatch-watches③以o结尾的名词，无生命的加s,如：photo—photospiano…pianos有生命的es,如1：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes均可，如1：zero—zeros/zeroes④以f或fe结尾的名词，去f,fe力0ves,如：half—halvesknife…knivesleaf…leaveswolf…wolvesw讦e•-wiveslife…livesthief…thieves（力Us,如：belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf--gulfs；）⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i,再加esbaby—babies⑥不规则：a.单复数形式一样。Sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese.People,police,scissors,trousersb.其他的。foot—feettooth■一teethchild—childrenmouse■一miceman™menwoman—womenbusinessman…businessmenGerman…Germanswomendoctors集体名词：People,policed一般表示一个整体，谓用复数）class,family,glasses不可数名词：\n常见的不可数名词有：information,news,room（空间），work,work,weather,advice,breadzfood,milk,tea,ice,glasses,meat①Alittle,abitof,some,much,alotof,quitealotof常修饰不可数名词.（2）不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。®如果用and连接两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Timeandmoneyare-④Acup\glass\bottle\box\kilo\group\crowd\class\pairofTwoandahalfkilosof=twokilosandahalfof名词所有格在英语中有些名词可以加来表示所有关系带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbooko名词所有格的规则如下:1）单数名词词尾加复数名词词尾没有s,也要加”'s",如theboy'sbag,men'sroomChildren'sDayMother'sDayFather'sDay2）若名词已有复数词尾・s,只加"'",如:Teachers'Dayladies'roomtwentyminutes'walk3）凡不能加吋的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词“的结构来表示所有关系，女thetitleofthesong歌的名字；Apictureoffamily;amapofChina4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后血常常不出现它所修饰的名词，女［1：thebarber's理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有I,则表示“分别有“；只有一个I,则表示,共有‘。John'sandMary'sroom（两间）JohnandMary'sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，’s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：amonthortwo'sabsence7）双重所有格afriendofmine/hers/his/theirsafriendofMary'smother's代词1、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I—me—my—mine—myselfyou—you—your—yourself（yourselves）he—him—his—his—himselfshe—her—her—hers—herselfit—it—its—its—itselfwe—us—our—ours—ourselvesthey—them—their—theirs—themselves人称顺序you,he,she,I;we,you,they主格作主语；宾格作宾语，动词和介词之后通常作宾格；形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，通常放在名词之前；名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，“of+名词性物主代词"表示所属关系。Afriendofmine我的一位朋友;teacherofhers她的老师代词it的用法：①指代前面提到过的事物。②表天气。③表距离。④指婴儿和不明身份的人。…John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.…Oh,whowasit?⑤用作形式主语。Itskind/good/nice/clever/polite/foolishofsb.todosth.It'simportant/necessary/possible/easy/difficultforsbtodosth,It'stimetogetup・Itstimeforlunch.Itsone'sturntodoItseemsthatIttakessb.sometimetodosth.⑥用作形式宾语。Find/think/feel+it+adj+todosthItone的区别It特指上文提到的同一对象，同一事物。one同类而不同一。that常用于比较结构屮，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。反身代词构成规则：一、二物主，三为宾。运用:hurt/teach/wash/buy/enjoyoneself\nby/Helponeself(oneselves)to一・/Lookafteroneself/Saytooneself/Cometooneself2、不定代词little,alittle,few,afew=several(some),some,anymuch,toomuch,muchtoo,morethen二over,lessthan二nearlysomething某事，某物，用于肯定句。注意：⑴由复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。Everyoneishere.⑵修饰不定代词的形容词后置。1havesomethingimportanttotellyou.⑶在反意疑问句中，表示人的复合代词在陈述句中作主语时，附加问句中anything任何事物，某事物，用于否定句、疑问句。everything每件事，一切事物，用于各种句型。nothing没什么，没有任何东西。=not-—anythingsomebody某人，有人二someone的主语用he或they,表物的用it。anybody任何人(用于否定句、疑问句，条件从句中)nobody没有人little,几乎没有，表示否定意思，用以修饰不可数名词。Alittle①一点点，表示肯定，用以修饰不可数名词。Onlyalittle仅一点点.②也可修饰形容词和副词。③一点点，放在动词、动词宾语后。few几乎没有，表示否定意思，用以修饰可数名词。afew=several几个，一些，表示肯定意思，用以修饰可数名词。some一些，修饰可数名词，后跟复数形式名词或ones,也可修饰不可数名词。在表示请求、委婉语气的疑问句和表示希望得到对方的肯定回答的问句中，常用some.Couldyougivemesomeapples?any—些，任何一些。一般用于疑问句中或否定句中和IF引导的条件句屮。much许多。修饰不可数名词，放在不可数名词前，可用alotof替换。toomuch太多的，用法相当于much,放在不可数名词前。Heathisveryimportanttous.Weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruitinsteadoftoomuchrichfood.muchtoo太，用法相当于too,放在形容词和副词前。Keepquiet!Itsmuchtoonoisyhere.morethan超过，多于。=overmoreorless或多或少，差不多。=aboutatleast至少alot许多，修饰动词。Thanksalot.alotof=lotsof许多的，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。anumberof许多的,=many只用于修饰复数形式名词，放在可数名词复数前。every用于三个或三个以上，着眼于整体。后可跟数词。词组有everytenminuetseach用于两个或两个以上，着眼于个体。词组有eachofeither两个中任何一个either-■一orboth两个都both・and―bothof■一neither两个中一个也没有e.g.…Doyouliketalkingwithyourfriendsonthetelephoneormobilephone?—Neither,IenjoyusingQQ.neither•-nor•-any三个以上中任何一个all三个以上中全部none三个以上中一个也没有。Noneof…中没有一个，表示三个或以上数目的人或物中没有一个，表否定，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。others表示"泛指"除自己外，别的人。Some—others——\ntheother表示两个中的另一个。One・—ztheother-——theothers表示特指的另一些。another后跟单数名词。表示泛指另一个人。后跟带数词的复数名词，表示〃再，还要〃的意思。other别的，另外的,一般后跟复数名词或ones,在other前可加some,many或数词，表示“几个，一些别的〃Suchatallbuildingsuchanexcitingfootballmatchsomanypeopleeachother相互，彼此，指两个或两个物时。oneanother相互，彼此，指三者或三者以上的彼此。oneanother's相互的,彼此的。数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。一、基数词和序数词1）基数词写法和读法：①百位与十位，用and,十位与个位，写时用〃一〃②先确定分节号，从右至左，每隔三位数是一个分节号。③第一个分节号是千位thousand4第二个分节号是千位million⑤第三个分号节是十亿位billion.1,234,567,892onebilliontwohundredandthirty-fourmillionfivehundredandsixty-seventhousandeighthundredandninety-two2）分数表示法构成：分子基，分母序，分子大于1时，分母在序数词后加S：1/2ahalf1/3one・third；2/3twothirds3/4threequarters=threefourths2・3/4twoandthreefourths3）表示"年代”，用in+the+数词复数；inthe1980s（20世纪80年代）4）表某人几岁时：in+物主代词+数词的复数形式inone'stwenties5）HelivesinRom88.Oneplustwoisthree.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.6）hundred,thousand,million等词前有具体的数字时，不能加S如threehundreds这种说法是错误的7）hundredsofthousandsofmillionsof8）a21-year-oldgirlthreedaysandahalf=threeandahalfdaysoneandahalfhours=onehourandahalfwellhavetwoweeks'holiday（two-weekholiday）9）（基数词变序数词的口诀）一、二、三特别记，th从四以上记;怎么加很容易，八减t,九减e;f来把ve替，见y变ie;若是遇到几十几，变换个位就可以。One-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive・fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve一twelfththirteen・thirteenthfifteefifteentheighteeeighteenthtwenty・twentiethtwenty・one—twenty・firstthirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethfifty-fiftiethsixtysixtiethseventy・seventietheighty-eightiethninety-ninetieth序数词的缩写形式：first…1stsecond…2ndthirty-first…31st形容和副词①修饰something,anything,everything,anybody等不定代词的形容词，形容词要放在不定代词之后。IhaveSomethingimportanttotellyou.©enough修饰形容词、副词时，enough要放在形容词和副词之后。Farenough③interesting,exciting,boring,amazing,surprising,moving主语为物。Interested,excited,amazed,surprised,frightened,tired,pleased主i吾为丿J。④Much,far,alot,alittle,even等后要用形容词或副词的比较级。Ifellevenworsenow.5.连系动词be,感官动词(look,smell,taste,sound,feel)三个变(get,become,turn,)keep后跟形容词.⑥既可作形容词又可作副词的词有：hard作形容词二difficult,作副词,放在work,rain等后,表努力地做。well作形容词身体好；作副词，做得好。long作形容词，表事物的长度，作副词，放在last,talk等后,表动作持续。\nFast作作形容,放在系动词后,作副词放在rain,makesth.等词后，表"做得快"。High作形容词“山,海浪的高。作副词，放在flyjump等后表飞得高，跳得高。⑥形容词变为副词①+lyuseful,wide,strong②改y为i,再加lyhealthy,heavy,happy,lucky,noisy,③goodwellterrible—terriblyprobable—probably多数以ly结尾的词是副词。但friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,daily,lively是形容词。⑨ChinaislargerthananyothercountyinAsia.(同一范I：制内)ChinaislargerthananycountyinAfirca.(不同范围内)⑩howmany对可数名词数量的提问。Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Howmuch对不可数名词数量的提问和提问价格。Howlong多久，多长时间。回答常用：for+段时间since+点时间。Howsoon多快，多久以后。冋答常用：in+段时间Howoften多长时间一次,提问频率。回答常用:once(twice)aweek,threetimesaday,oftenHowfar多远,对距离提问。回答常用：fifteenminutes7walk,10metersaway形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：原级：as+原级+as;notas/so+原级+as=反义词+thanEnglishisasinterestingasChinese.Mr.Zhangisn'tasoldasMr.Li.=Mr.ZhangisyoungerthanMr.Li.1.“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更……”.如：Thistreeistallerthanthatone.这棵树比那棵树高.注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较.②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.如1:Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级.2.“比较级+and+比较级”或"moreandmore+原级”表示“越来越……”女口:Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式.如：Whoistaller,TimorTom?4.“(he+比较级……,(he+比较级”，表示“越……越……”.Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.Thesooner,thebettei;5.表示倍数的比较级用法：①.Ais•••timesthesize/height/length/widthofB.女口：Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.\n①.Ais-timesasbig/high/long/wide/largeasB・女U:AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.（3）.Ais•••timeslarger/higher/longer/widerthanB・如:Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.1.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思.句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：ofthethree,inourclass等等.女口:Heisthetallestinourclass・2.“否定词语+比较级丁否定词语+so-as”结构表示最高级含义.Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.比较级的标志词①than,Lily'sbagisbiggerthanhers.①much,far,alittle,even,nexttime②which/who-…A,B?Whichismorebeautiful,Tom,Jim?③the+比较级・…,the+比较级・一Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe'llbe.④比较级+and+比较级（多音节词和部分双音节词用moreandmore+原级）越来越・―harderandharder,ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.最高级标志词：①the+最高级+of/inShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.（2）Oneofthe+最高级+名词复数ZhouJiekunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.②Which/who-■一+最高级，A,BorC?Whocityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorKunming?序数词+最高级，表"第几最一"ChangjiangisthefirstlongestriverinChina,thesecondlargestpopulation形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后而加最高级在后而加-est；（1）单音节词如：small->smaller->smallestshort->shorter^shortesttall->taller^tallestgreat^greater->greatest（2）双音节词女口：cleverTclevererTcleverestnarrow^narrower—narrowest2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加％最高级在原级后加・st；女U:large^larger^largestnice->nicerTnicestable^abler^ablest3.在重读闭音节（即：辅音+元音+辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加最高级加-est；如I：big^bigger^biggesthot->hotter^hottestfat^fatter^fattest4.以“辅音字母+y〃结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加a最高级加・est；如:easy^easier->easiestheavy->heavier->heaviestbusy->busier^busiesthappy^happier^happiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；女H：beautiful^morebeautiful^mostbeautifuldifferent->moredifferentTmostdifferenteasily->moreeasily^mosteasily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词th巴副词最高级前可不用.例句：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常“.Itisamostimportantproblem.=ltisaveryimportantproblem・6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的'必须熟记.\n女口:good/well——better——bestold^older/elder->oldest/eldestbad/badly/ill-一worse-worstmany/much-more-■一mostlittle■一less一-leastfar一・farther（较远）■一farthestfar-further（进一步）一一furthesttired・-moretired--themosttired（right,tired,glad,pleased,real）动词的时态时态名称结构标志词难点与要点一般现在时am\is\aretherebe结构Vsometimes,often,usually,always,everyday,onceaweek注意第三人称单数情况现在进行时am/is/are+V-ingnow,look,listen,rightnow,atthemoment,it's+儿点动词ING形式的构成一般过去时was/were+表语结*勾；V-edyesterday,last,ago一家；justnow,intheolddays,amomentago,longago,ihthe1990s注意动词的过去式的构成一般将来时will/shall+V原形;begoingto+V原形；tomorrow,nextyear,thisyear,attheendofthisterm,fromnowon,inthefuture,inafewdays1time注意动词过去分词的构成（与过去式的区别）P255过去进行时was/were+Vingat+具体时间，atthistime.,when+—般过去时从句与一般过去时的区别现在完成时have/has+donealready,yet,just,never,ever,for,since,sofar注意瞬间动词在现在完成时中的运用过去将来时?would/should+V原形?was/weregoingto+V原形宾语从句中，从句动作在主句动作之后发生.过去完成时had+doneby+过去某一时点；before+过去某一时间点；bythetime+从句；从句动作在主句动作前发生祈使句祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句否定在句首加Don't：Don'tmove.Don'tbelate.2）Letsshallwe?letus\him——willyou/won'tyou?感叹句How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语+其它Howlovelythebabyis!Whata/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其它Whatacleverboyheis!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其它Whatwonderfulideas（wehave）!What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其它Whatcoldweatheritis!反意疑问句1）陈述肖（分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,too—to等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。Someplantsneverblown（开花）,dothey?2）陈述部分有haveto+v.（hadto+v.）,疑问部分常用don't+主语（didn't+主语）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?\n3）陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedrft+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?4）陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadnftyou?5）陈述部分由neither...nor,either...or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?6）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用itoEveryth!ngisready,isn'tit?7）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijjngforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?8）陈述部分主语是不左代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?（doeshe?）Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?（doeshe?）9）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyouoDon'tdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?注意：Let's开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?10）陈述部分是"therebe1*结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?11）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。Itisimpossible,isn'tit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?并列句and和，并且，workhard,andyoucanpasstheexam.but但是heisrichbutheisnothappy.Or否则，要不然，或者（在否定句中表和）Hurryup,oryou，IIbelate.so因此，所以Katewasillsoshedidn'tgotoschool.For因为Ihavetostayuplate,forIhavealotofworktodo.后跟ing的词有FinishdoingBefore2008BeijingwewillfinishbuildingtheOlympicPark.enjoydoing喜欢做某事IenjoyreadingEnglishloudly.minddoing介意（反对）做某事wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?practicedoingsth.练习做某事weshouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible・bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth.想要做某事\nspend—（in）doingsth花费时间做某事stop/prevent/keep-—fromdoing阻止某人做某事havetrouble\problem/ahardtimedoingsth.做某事很困难Havefundoingsth.=haveagoodtimedoingsth.做某事很快乐goondoingsth接着做原来做着的事goshopping/swimming/skating/surfing—dosomerunning/washing/cooking・・・不定式不定式常跟在以下及物动词后面作宾语:want,wouldlike,wish,hope,try,ask,start,begin,forget,remember,learn,choose,agree,tell,decide,needE.g.Wanttodosth.Asksb.（not）todosth.Tellsb.todosth.Decidetodosth.Wouldliketodosth.Setouttodosth.Warnsbtodosth.Helpsb.（to）dosth.动词不定式还可用在某些表示感情的形容词之后:glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid不定式作宾语的有:somethingtodrink\eat;havesthtodo;thewaytodosth.不定式作宾语：特殊疑问词（what,where）■…+不定式wheretogo后跟ing和todo的区别stoptodosth.停下手中的事而去做另外的事（事情有两件）Stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事情（事情只有一件）Remembertodosth.记住要去做某事（事情没有做）Rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事（事情己经做）Forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（事情没做）Forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过的事情（事情已经做）Trytodosth.努力去做某事Trydoingsth.试着去做某事Goontodosth.做完一件事，接着改做另外一件事Goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事See/hearsbdoing/do动词ing和ed形式都当做形容词使用的区别表示情感的及物动词女Flexcite,discourage,disappoint,encourage,inspire,interest,move,please,puzzle,surprise,worry等，其分词常加上后缀・ing或・ed转化为分词（也可称为形容词），用作表、定、状或补语。在这种情况下，分词主要体现了语态的不同。ing有主动意味，含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思；而ed有被动意味，含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思，表示某人或者动物的情感。情态动词Can①能，可能，表示能力，猜测。过过式could①可能，也许。主要用在疑问句、否定句中，表示怀疑、估计，不用肯定句中。③对could的委婉语气回答一般不直接用yes和no,要用certainly,ofcourse.Ok.Sure.④wouldyoupleasenotdo-…?⑤wouldyouliketoplayfootballwithmetonight?Yes,I'dloveto.Sorry,Iambusy.Yes,I'dloveto.But-…⑥wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,please.No.thanks.⑦在表示请求、委婉语气的疑问句和表示希望得到对方的肯定回答的问句屮，常用some・Couldyougivemesomeapples?May①可以,表许可。mayI—回答：Yes,youmay.Yes,ofcourse.No,youmaynot.No,you'dbetternot.\n①也许，可能。表猜测，但把握性不是很大。(3)maybe=perhaps是副词，放在句首或句末。Maybe和Maybe不同。Must①MustI-—?否定回答用No,youneedn't.No,youdon'thaveto.②必须。应该。mustn^t禁止，绝对不能。③must表主观。Haveto表客观。Don'thaveto=needn't©must一定。用于表推测。表示有很大的把握时用，只用于肯定句、不用疑问句。否定句中carVt有不可能之意。Need©don'thavetodosth・二needn'tdosth.②肯定回答Yes,-…must.否定回答No,…needn't.后跟ing的词有FinishdoingBefore2008BeijingwewillfinishbuildingtheOlympicPark・enjoydoing喜欢做某事IenjoyreadingEnglishloudly.minddoing介意(反对)做某事wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?practicedoingsth.练习做某事weshouldpract:icespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible・bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth.想要做某事spend―(in)doingsth花费时间做某事stop/prevent/keep-—fromdoing阻止某人做某事havetrouble\problem/ahardtimedoingsth.做某事很困难Havefundoingsth・=haveagoodtimedoingsth・做某事彳艮'快乐goondoingsth接着做原来做着的事goshopping/swimming/skating/surfing™dosomerunning/washing/cooking™不定式_不定式常跟在以下及物动词后面作宾语:want,wouldlike,wish,hope,try,ask,start,begin,forget,remember,learn,choose,agree,tell,decide,needE.g.Wanttodosth.Asksb.(not)todosth.Tellsb.todosth.Decidetodosth.Wouldliketodosth.Setouttodosth.Warnsbtodosth.Helpsb.(to)dosth.动词不定式还可用在某些表示感情的形容词之后:glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid不定式作宾语的有:somethingtodrink\eat;havesthtodo;thewaytodosth.不定式作宾语：特殊疑问词(what,where)■…+不定式wheretogo状语从句当状语从句的引导词为If,when,before,after,until,assoonas等,主句和从句有下列情况：主句从句①一般将来时(主将从现)一般现在时1willgototheparkifitdoesn”traintomorrow・②祈使句一般现在时③含有情态动词的句子一般现在时④一般过去时一般过去时\n英语句子中如果一看到Thought-—but-—;because—-so—S种结构，就是错误.倒装句S0+助动词\BE动词\情态动词+另一主语，表示后者与前者一致。sb也是so+上句主语+助动词\BE动词\情态动词，意思为确实如此。TomwatchedTVlastnight,sodidAnn.Tomdidn'twatchTVlastnight.NeitherdidAnn.・・・You'veleftthelighton.・・・SoIhave.I'llgoandturnitoff.宾语从句从句用陈述句语序。定义：置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。就是宾语是一个句子。二•宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词:that（that常可省略）,whether,if代词:who,whose,what,which畐ij词：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在that不充当从句句子成分可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets・注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句:Idon'tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid（that）youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。彳列句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：lean'ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。仞J句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.（二）由whetherjf引导的宾语从句由whether（if）引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而來的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与讦可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：Iwonderwhether（if）theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether,不能用讦引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.在介词的后面例句:I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句:Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek直接与ornot连用时例句：lean'tsaywhetherornotthatcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句讦引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoonapicnic讦itissunny.讦引导否定概念的宾语从句时\n例句：HeaskedifIdidntcometoschoolyesterday.引导状语从句even讦(即使)和as讦(好象)时例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagin巳suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：Idon'tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?Canyouimaginewhatkindofmanheis?四•宾语从句的时态A.主现从不限；B.主过从过；C.真金不怕火炼。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.五•宾语从句的特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟ornot；whether从句可作介词的宾语。如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.定语从句that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用whicho(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.一般用that而不用who(1)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirl(that)drovethecar?Who(that)brokethewindowwillbepunished.(2)主句以Therebe引导时。Thereare200people(that)didn'tthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用which而不用thato(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语(介词提前)。Thosearemanytreesunder(which)theycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,(which)isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.主谓一致1.就近原则由therebe,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but(also)连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词遵守就近原则。2.Eitherofzneitherof,eachof作主语，谓语动词用单数。3.Each,every,manya,no修饰并列单句时，谓语动词用单数。\n1.在百分数、分数等后，如跟可数名词，谓语动词用复数。如跟不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等名词作为主语，谓语动词用单数。3.动词不定式或动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4.算术题中主语是数词，谓语动词用单数。5.Thenumberof+名词复数，谓语动词用单数。Anumberof+名词复数谓语动词用复数。6.Oneandahalf+名词复数，谓语动词用单数。单词的词性变化动词变为名词®+er(r)cleaner,sellerplayersurfersingerownerjumperspeakertravelerteacherworkerpainter,farmerdiverdriver,writerwaiter(waitress)Runnerwinnerrobber②+orVisitorinventorconductorinspector(检查员)Actor(actress)③+ingcrosscrossingwashwashingmeetmeetingpark——parkingpackpacking(包装)surfsurfingmeanmeaninghikingbreathingBeginningShopping④describe■—descriptioninvent■一inventiondiscuss-discussiondisappear…disappearanee\nenter…entraneeknow…knowledgelive■一lifedie…deathplease—pleasuresit—seatfly…flightrob…robberydevelop■一developmentdecidedecision形容词和副词同形。earlyenoughfastfarfirsthardhighlatemuchrightstraight