初中英语泛读强化训练 19页

强化训练复习第一部分动词词形变化一览表：（1）规则动词变化表：规则变化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y-*i,+es+ingy-*i,+ed重读闭咅节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅咅字母,+ing双写辅咅字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+sie~*y,+ing+d不规则变化have-*has；be-*is（无）（见不规则动词变化表）注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾，尾音节又重读的动词，“r”应双写。②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读［s］；在浊辅音后和元音后读［z］；在［s］、［F］、［z］、［IF］、［dV］后读［iz］・③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读［山在独辅音后和元音后读［d］；在出、［d］后读［id］.（2）不规则动词变化表：（原形-f过去式1-*过去分词）be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunken\nflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokensleptsleptsmeltgivegavegivengowentgonespendspentspentspillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenunderstoodlielaylain强化训练复习第二部分TEXTONEMaintaininginternalE-mailsystemshaslongbeenthebaneoftheuniversityinformation-technologydirector.Serversareunwieldyandunreliable,andinthepastseveralyears,thenumberofstudentcomplaintshasgrownexponentiallyasforward-movingproviderslikeYahooMail,Hotmail,andGmailhaveincreasedexpectationsofwhatE-mailshouldoffer.ThesolutionforanumberofcollegeshasbeentowavethewhiteflagandoutsourceE-mailhostingtotheexperts.Microsoft,whichownsHotmail,andGoogle(Gmail)arethebiggestplayersintheeducationalE-mailhostingmarket.Alongwiththeneat-operipheralgizmoslikemessaging,calendars,andcollaborationtools,theoutsourcedsystemsaremorestable,havebetterspamfilters,andprovidemuchmorestoragespacethanthetypicaluniversity'sin-housesystem.AttheUniversityofPennsylvania,itsoldE-mailservicegavestudents60megabytesofstorage,just3percentofthe2gigabytesWindowsLivenowprovides.Inreturn,GoogleandMicrosoftgetalmostnothing,atleastmonetarilyandintheshortterm.MicrosoftsWindowsLive@eduandtheGoogleAppsEducationEditionarefreeofchargeforschools.Eliminatinganothersourceofrevenue,thetwotechgiantsstrippedtheirrespectiveservicesofadvertisinginanefforttoaccommodateeducators1concerns・Microsoftbreaksevenontheventure(itdoesrunadsonnon・E-mailserviceslikeinstantmessaging),whileGoogle,whichmakesalmostallitsmoneythroughadvertising,runsataloss.Butwhatmoneytheydon'tmakeatthemomentwill一thecompanies\nhope一paygreatdividendsintheformoflifelongusersinthefuture,saysGoogle'sJeffKelter.Asquicklyastheyshuffleoutofcommencement,graduatesseetheirE-mailtransitiontothetraditionalad-basedformatsofGmailandHotmail.Andunlikebefore,whenuniversitiescouldnlaffordtohostthousandsofalumni,GoogleandMicrosoftcanmaintaineveryaccountindefinitely,retainingcustomersaslongascustomersstillwantthem.Notallschoolsarereadytooutsourcetheirtechdirtywork,withprivacyandsecuritytoppingthelistofconcerns.CriticsworrythatbyhandingovertheresponsibilityofE-mailhosting,collegesalsorelinquishthefreedomtokeeptheinformationsafeinthebestwaytheyseefit.Eveninthecorporateworld,thereisgreatskepticismofconsumertechnologieslikeGoogleApps•YetmostuniversityITmanagersagreethatoutsiderswoulddoabetterjobprotectingindividualE-mailfromvirusesandspamthantheirownsmalloperations,andstrongword-of-mouthpraisehasdonewonderstosupplementthealmostnonexistentmarketingbudgetsfortheseMicrosoftandGoogleprojects.Thepricetag—rlackofone—isn'tabadsalespitcheither.RaminSedehi,thevicedeanforfinanceandadministrationatPenn,says30percentofPenn'sstudentsalreadyforwardtheirmessagestooutsideclients,andhepredictsuniversitieswilleventuallybeoutoftheE-mailhostingbusinessaltogethe匚BallStateUniversityandtheIndianaUniversityAlumniAssociationarenowonWindowsLive,andArizonaStateUniversityswitchedtoGoogleAppsinOctober2006,alreadyconvertingatleast40,000ofits65,000studentstothenewsystem・PennStateUniversityandCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,tonametwo,havebeenintalks,whileotherschoolsarewatchingandwaiting・1・Thenumberofstudentcomplaintshasgrownexponentiallybecause[A]theschoolserversareunwieldyandunreliable・[B]theinformation-technologydirectorisnottheexpertinprovidingIT-relatedassistance・[C]theinternalE-mailsystemsaremuchmorebackwardthanthosecommerciallysuccessfulemailsystems.[D]therearenocollaborationtoolsintheinternalE-mailsystems.2.MicrosoftandGoogledonotrunadsontheE-mailsystemsforschoolsbecause[A]theywanttocatertotherequirementsoftheirdients.[B]theyaresponsoredbyschoolsanddonotneedtherevenuefromads.[Cltheywanttobuildupauniquecommunitywithlife-longloyalty・[D]theywanttomaintainthestabilityofthesystemsatthepresent.3・Comparedwiththeuniversities,theadvantageofGooleandMicrosoftinhostingaccountsofalumniis[A]thattheycanreserveeveryaccountwithminimumcharge・[B]thattheycanretaineveryaccountatcustomers9wish・[C]thattheycanmaintaineveryaccountaslongasthecustomerswant.[D]thattheycankeepeveryaccountfrofreeinalongtenn.4.ThetwogiantspersistinprovidingtheE-mailservicesthoughtheyrunatalossbecause[A]theybelievetheywillhavegoodreturnsfromthewould-belifelongusersinthefuture・[B]itispartoftheirsocialcommitmenttoreturnthesocietythroughcontributingtoeducation.[C]theirstrategyistomakeprofitthroughadvertisementtouniversityalumni.[D]theywantthestudentstopropagandizefortheirprojects.5.Theword"relinquish^(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans\n[A]lose.[B]abandon.[C]exchange・[D]waste.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。第一段讲述大学自己经营电邮系统的缺陷；第二段讲述外包电邮系统的优点；第三段讲述外包商的策略；第四段讲述外包存在的一些问题；第五段讲述目前大学电邮系统外包的情况。词汇注释：banen.祸害；害人精unwieldyadj.难操纵的，难控制的exponentiallyadv.指数地，幕数地gizmon.小玩意儿，小发明spamn.兜售信息［邮件，广告，新闻，文章］dividendn.红利shuffleoutofv.笨拙地脱下alumnin.毕业生，校友relinquishv.放弃难句突破：(1)Serversareunwieldyandunreliable,andinthepastseveralyears,thenumberofstudentcomplaintshasgrownexponentiallyasforward-movingproviderslikeYahooMail,Hotmail,andGmailhaveincreasedexpectationsofwhatE-mailshouldoffer.［主体句式］Seversare…，andthenumberhasgrown…［结构分析］这是一个并列句，后面分句结构比较复杂；该分句是带有as引导的原因状语从句的复杂句，前面inthepastseveralyears是状语。［句子译文］在过去的儿年屮，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail>Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。(2)YetmostuniversityITmanagersagreethatoutsiderswoulddoabetterjobprotectingindividualE-mailfromvirusesandspamthantheirownsmalloperations,andstrongword・of・mouihpraisehasdonewonderstosupplementthealmostnonexistentmarketingbudgetsfortheseMicrosoftandGoogleprojects.［主彳本句式］MostuniversityITmanagersagreethat••-andpraisehasdone•••［结构分析］这是一个并列句。前面的分句以that引导的宾语从句中，protecting…是现在分词结构作前面job的定语；后面的分句to引导的是目的状语。［句子分析］但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。题目分析：1.Thenumberofstudentcomplaintshasgrownexponentiallybecause1.学生抱怨的数量急剧增加是因为—［A］theschoolserversareunwieldyandunreliable.［A］学校的服务器难控制、不稳定。［B］theinformation-technologydirectorisnottheexpertinprovidingIT-relatedassistance.［B］信息技术主任不是能够提供IT相关帮助的专家。［C］theinternalE-mailsystemsaremuchmorebackwardthanthosecommerciallysuccessfulemailsystems.［C］内部电邮系统与那些商业上非常成功邮件系统相比要落后得多。［D］therearenocollaborationtoolsintheinternalE-mailsystems.［D］内部电邮系统没有协作工具。\n［答案］C［难度分析］☆☆☆［分析］推理题。文章第一段提到随着不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail.Gmail不断更新电邮的服务项目，学生的抱怨越来越多，可以看出，学生抱怨数量的增多是因为相对于学校之外那些筒业上非常成功的电邮系统，内部电邮系统跟不上进步。因此，选项C最为符合题意。A选项也有一定道理，但是不如C选项概括精确。B和D选项很显然不是主要的原因。1.MicrosoftandGoogledonotrunadsontheE-mailsystemsforschoolsbecause2.微软和谷歌提供给学校的电邮系统上没有广告是因为[A]theywanttocatertotherequirementsoftheirclients.[AJ他们想迎合客户的要求。[B]theyaresponsoredbyschoolsanddonotneedtherevenuefromads.[B]他们得到了学校提供的资金，因此没有必要从广告屮赚取收入。[C]theywanttobuildupauniquecommunitywithlife-longloyalty.[C]他们想要建立一个特别的社区，使人们对他们一生都忠诚地使用他们的系统。ID]theywanttomaintainthestabilityofthesystemsatthepresent.[D]他们在目前想要维护该系统的稳定。[答案]A[难度分析]☆☆☆☆[分析]细节题。文章在第二段提到这两大巨头将各自的广告项目都从该系统移除了，这是为了照顾教育家们的担忧，那么可以推断，是因为教育家担忧学校系统有广告会影响教育，因此两个公司才有这样的举措，所以他们主要是为了迎合客户的需求。因此选项中A最为符合题意。C选项有一定道理，而且在文章第三段屮也有提到终生用户，但是这只是一个长远的想法，并不是本问题的直接原因。2.Comparedwiththeuniversities,theadvantageofGoogleandMicrosoftinhostingaccountsofalumniis3.和大学相比，谷歌和微软在保存毕业生记录方面的优势是[A]thattheycanreserveeveryaccountwithminimumcharge.[A]nJ以以最低的费用保存任何纪录。⑻thattheycanretaineveryaccountatcustomers?wish.[B]可以根据客户的需要保留每份纪录。IC]thattheycanmaintaineveryaccountaslongasthecustomerswant.[C]可以以客户希望的任何时长來保存每份记录。[D]thattheycankeepeveryaccountforfreeinalongterm.fD|可以长期免费保存每份记录。[答案]C[难度分析]☆☆☆[分析]细节题。文章第三段提到在以前大学自己的网络上，不能保存那么多学生的纪录，而这两大巨头却可以无限期地保存这些记录，只要客户需要就能以这种方式将客户保留住。可以，其优势是可以无限期地保存每一份记录。选项C'I1aslongasthecustomerswant就是文章中indefinitely这个词语的意思，因此为正确答案。至于是否收费还是免费、以及是否会考虑客户的需求，这在文章中都没有提及。3.ThetwogiantspersistinprovidingtheE-mailservicesthoughtheyrunatalossbecause2.两大巨头即使在亏损也坚持要提供电邮系统，这是因为[A]theybelievetheywillhavegoodreturnsfromthewould-belifelongusersinthefuture.[A]他们相信未来的终身用户会给他们带来好的回报。[B]itispartoftheirsocialcommitmenttoreturnthesocietythroughcontributingtoeducation.\nIB]通过为教育作贡献來回报社会是他们的社会责任。fC]theirstrategyistomakeprofitthroughadvertisementtouniversityalumni.fC]彳也ifJ白勺F说田各是通过对大学校友打广告来盈利。[D]theywantthestudentstopropagandizefortheirprojects.[D]他们希望学生可以帮助宣传他们的项目。［答案］A［难度分析］☆☆☆［分析］细节题。文章第二段提到两大巨头在亏本为高校提供电邮系统服务，第三段开头就指出它们希望，现在没有赚到的钱会在将來以终身用户的形式來给与它们冋报。可见，他们这样做的目的是为了培养终生客户。因此，答案A最为符合题意。B选项在文章中并没有提及任何社会责任，属于无屮生有。关于C选项，虽然文章屮提到了他们的长远目标是留住大学校友客户，但是并没有提到通过向他们打广告盈利。D选项显然也是错误的，两家公司并没有计划让学生们帮忙宣传。1.Theword"relinquish”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans4."relinquish”这个词（第四段第二行）最有可能表示的意思是［A］lose.［A］失去。［B］abandon.［B］放弃。［C］exchange.［C］交换。［DJwaste.ID］浪费。［答案］B［难度分析］☆［分析］根据上下文，并不是所有的学校都打算外包服务，批评家也担心如果将电邮转让出去，大学可能就要放弃保证信息安全的自由。从also这个词可以看出来‘relinquish和handover应该类似，是主动的，那么答案屮B最为贴切。A有被动失去的意思。参考译文：长期以来,维护内部电子邮件系统一直是大学信息技术主任最头疼的问题。服务器难以控制、稳定性差，在过去的儿年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长,而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail.Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。许多学校的解决办法就是举起白旗，将电邮交给外面的专家打理。拥有Hotmail的微软，谷歌（Gmail）是教育电邮市场最大的玩家。外包系统除了有灵巧的辅助小工具（如收发消息、日历和协作工具），该系统更加稳定，有更好的广告过滤器，并提供比大学传统的内部系统更大的存储空间。在宾西法尼亚大学，老电邮服务为学生提供60m的存储，是WindowsLive现在提供的2G空间的3%。但是谷歌和微软都不收费，起码从金钱上或是短期來说是这样的。微软的WindowsLive@edu以及谷歌的教育应用版对于学校是免费的。这两个科技巨头还除去了另外一项收入来源，即将各自的广告服务去除，以免去教育家的担忧。微软甚至屮断了这项业务（其在即时消息那样的非电邮服务上运营广告）,而儿乎完全靠广告获得收入的谷歌公司现在正亏损运行。但是虽然他们现在没有赚到的钱，这些公司希望在未来通过终身用户的形式获得巨大的红利,谷歌的JeffKelter这样说。一旦毕业典礼结朿，学生们就会看到自己的电邮转为传统的基于广告的Gmail和Hotmail了。和以前不同的是，如果大学应付不了成千上万的校友，谷歌和微软可以无限期地保留每个人的纪录，他们有需求就可以一直保留用户身份。但是并不是所有的学校都打算将自己的技术工作外包，隐私和安全问题是他们最为关心的。\n批评者认为如果将电邮的职责交出去的话，学校也就放弃了以他们认为合适的方法保证信息安全的自由。即使在业界，对于诸如谷歌Apps这样的用户技术也存在很大的怀疑。但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些儿乎不存在的市场预算。价格标签一一或者没有一一也不是一个坏的销售方式。宾西法尼亚大学财务和管理副主任RaminSedehi称30%\n的学生已经将他们的信息转给外部委托人，他预计大学最终将完全脱离自主电邮行业。鲍尔州立大学和印第安纳大学校友会使用WindowsLive,而亚利桑那州州立大学2006年10月开始使用谷歌Apps,目前已经将至少65000名学生小的40000名转移到了新系统上。宾西法尼亚州州立大学和加利福尼亚工艺州立大学已经在商谈中，而其他学校都在观望和等待。强化训练复习第三部分冠词专项练习D.UnitedStates一、选择填空：A.a...aB.an....aC.a....anD.a..../()2.TomisEnglish.HeisEnglishboy.A.an....anB./....anc./.../D.a...a()3.liveinRoom20&A.TheGreenB.GreenC.TheGreensD.Greens()4.Januaryisfirstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.the()5.Weshouldthinkofoldandsick.A.a.•••aB・an.・・aC.the.••.theD./..../()6・numberofthestudentsinourclassis52.A.AB.AnC.TheD./()7.Shecanplavpiano,butshecan'tplavfootbaILA.the...theB.the.../C./...theD.a....a()8.ThereisHs"intheword“six•'and”s”isthefirsitletterofthewiA.a...theB.a....anC・an…theD.a…a()9.Ahorseisusefulanimal.A.anB.aC.theD.this()10.Hehasalreadyworkedforhoui;A.anB.aC.theD.three()11・Lucvwantstobecome・A.someteacherB.ateacherC.teacherD.teachers()12.Hainanisislands,isntit?A.theB.oneC.aD.an()13.Whatdoyouusuallydoafter9•A.theclassB.classC.theclassesD.aclass()14.Fllhavetobuvtrousers.A.aB.twoC.apairofD.pair()LSheisgirl.SheisEnglishgirl.D.somenewpair()15・I'vethrownmyoldshoesaway・I'llhavetobuyA.anewpairB・anewoneC・somenew()16.Myuncletoldmehewasgoingtovisit.A.theUnitedStateB.theUnitedStatesC.UnitedStates()17.Theyfailedsixtimes,buttheyhavedecidedtotry.A.seventimesB.theseventimeC・theseventhtimeD・seventhtime()18・Whoarethoseboys?Oneismybrotherand•A.thebigboyisMikeB.abigboyisMike\nC・thebigboyisaPeter()19.Youwillfind_A.a,the()20.D.abigboyisaPetergirlinblack・Sheisteacher.B・the,aC・a,aD.the,thebirdscanflyeveryhighinsky.C.An,theA.The,theB.The,a()21.Fmnotlookingat・A.sunB.sky()22.ThelittleboywishestobeA.LeiFengB.theLeiFeng()23.C.thesunC・thisLeiFenghavestudiedEnglishinourschool.A.MostofstudentsB.ThemoststudentsC.Mostofthestudents()24.Tom'sbrotherhitBobonA.hisB.the()25.WearegoingtohaveanexamA.intheclassB.inaclass()26.Wehavehad.A.gooddinnerB・agooddinnerC.thegooddinner()27.fineweatherwehavetoday!Let'sgoswimming.A.WhataB.HowC.What()2&There'sappletreebehindhouse.A.an,theB.a,aC・an,a()29.Wecanseethesunindaytime,butwecan'tseeitatA.a,theB.the,/C.a,/()30.1sawoldmanwalkingA.an,anB.the,the()31.Whatitis!A.aheavyrainB.heavyrain()32.timewehadattheparty!A.WhatwonderfulB.WhatawonderfulC.Howwonderfulnose.C.itsC.attheclassacrossthestreetandC・an,theC.aheavyrainsD.A,theD.someskyD.aLeiFengD.MoststudentD.aD.inclassD.gooddinnersD.HowaD.the,thenight.D.an,/oldmanlookedworried.D.the,anD.heavyrainsD.Howawonderful()33.tallestbuildinginthetownisBankofChina・A.The,theB.A,aC.The,aD.A,the()34.LittleTomlookedalthebigshark.A.inthesurpriseB.insurprisedC.insurpriseD・atasurprise()35.morecarefullyyouride,fewerfallsyoullget.A.The,theB.A,theC.The,aD.A,a()36・Hehasmadedecisionthathewillbeinventorsometime・A.a,theB.a,anC.the,anD.the,the()37.——Wehaven'tseenforlongtime.Wherehaveyoubeen?--一Ihavebeenforholidaywithmyparents.-―Havenicetime!Thankyou.A.a,the,aB.the,a,aC・a,a,aD.a,the,the()3&——Excuseme,canyoutellmewaytoXinhuaBookstore?——Goalongthisroad,andthenturntorightatfirstcrossing,atendof\nthestreet,youcanfindit.\nA.the,a,the,the,theB.a,the,the,a,theC.the,the,the,a,theD.the,the,the,the,the()39.Whynottakefriendwithyou?Thatrsgoodidea.A.a,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,a()40.Takethemedicinethreetimesday.A.aB.theC.anD./()41・Englishislanguage.Itisimportanttool.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,/()42.Meimeihashighfeverandhismotherislookingafterher.A.aB.theC.anD./()43・Lucytakeswalkaftersuppereveryday・A.theB.aC./D.an()44.Paperismadeofwood.A.aB.theC./D.that()45・Februaryisthesecondmonthoftheyea匚A.TheB.AC./D.an()46.WehavenoclassesonSundays.A.theB.aC.anD./()47.1studiedEnglishinEngland・A./,/B.an,theC・an,anD./,the()48.Wegotoschoolbvbus.A./B.aC.theD.an()49.Theseboysplayfootballalfterclass.A.aB.theC.anD./()50.Thereisbridgeovertherive匚bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,theD.the,a()51.Sundayiisfirstdayoftheweek・A.theB./C.aD.an()52.Greenswerehavingbreakfastatseventhismorning.A.AB.Anc./D.The()53.Sheisoneofmostpopularteachersinthisschool.Everystudentloveshe匚A.aB.theC.anD./()54.Thereif>800-metre-longbridgeovertheriver.A.aB.anC.theD./()55.numberofthestudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.A.A,aB.The,theC.The,aD.A，/()56.TheyoftentakeawalkinBeiHaiPark.A.theB.aC./D.this()57.Theoldmanwasillinhospital.A.theB./C.aD.an()58.Thereisnobookonthedesk・A.theB.aC.anD./()59.Beijingiscapitalofpeople1sRepublicofChina.A.a,the,theB.the,the,/C.the,the,theD.the,a,the（）60.Hestartedschoolwhenhewasseven.A.theB.aC.anD./\n（）61.HehasgreatdealofinterestinEnglish.A.a,anB.the,theC.a,/D.a,the（）62.Heiscleverestboyinourschool.A.aB.anC.theD./（）63.Sheoftenspendsmuchtimereading・A.aB.anC.theD./（）64.Bovslikestogoboatinp.A.aB.anC./D.the二、用适当冠词填空.0I・ThomasEdisonwasoneofgreatestinventorsinworld・2.Manisonlyanimalthatcantalk.3.Isthishouseolderofthetwo?4.earthmovesaroundsun・5.IliveinnortheastofChina.6・Therearesixtymicnutesinhou匚7.honestboyisJim,friendofmine.8.Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofseven.9・Hereisusefulbooktoread・10.Wouldyoulikericeorbreadforyourbreakfast?II•poorarealwayshappierthanrich・12.Hetookmebyhand.13.Theyhavesonanddaughter.sonisadoctoranddaughterisateacher.14・orangeisorange・15.Hewatchedthestudentfromheadtofoot.16.Whatinterestingbookitis!17.cloudsoverseawerelovelyyesterday.18.Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,Tilgoandboysone・强化训练复习第四部分（2）作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人物所处的位置。女口：rmverysorryheisn'tinatthemoment.（很抱歉，他此刻不在家）/Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfornearly20years.（我离开家乡有将近20年了）/Jimisoverthere.（吉姆就在那边）（3）作定语：时间副词（如now、then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。如：Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.（现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴）/Womentherewerelivingaterriblelifeinthe1920s.（在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子）（4）作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Putyourdirtysocksaway,Jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell!（吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。）/Fatherkepthiminanddoinghislessons.（父亲把他关在家里做作业）［注意］“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：Hewrotedowntheword.（他写下了那个词。）一Hewroteitdown.（他把它写了下來。）\n3、有关副词的重要注释：（1）as--*as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…（一旦…就…），aswellas…（同样），as+形容词/畐U词+aspossible（尽可能地）。女口:PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.（请你一到北京就给我写信。）/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.（高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。）［注释］"aslong/muchas+名词"可以表示''长达/多达…'‘的含义。如I：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.（那幢房子花费高达50万元。）/Theystayedinthecave（山洞）aslongastwoweeks.（他们呆在山洞里长达两周。）（2）later,after,ago、before的用法：①“一段时间+later/ago"分别表示“（多久）以后/以前”,主耍用于过去时态。②"after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.（一周前出了一个事故）/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.（数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家）/Haveyoubeentherebefore?（你从前到过那儿吗？”Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.（过了几年他戒了烟。）⑶abovexbelowover、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.（星星高挂在空中）/Aplaneflewoverquickly/一架E机从头顶飞过。）当above>below>over^under是介词性质时，意义相似。⑷too>also>either>nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（"也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（"也不”）用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?（你也是美国人吗？”HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.（他不愉快,我也不。）/Hedicin'twatchthefootballgame.Nordid1.（他没有看足球赛，我也没有。”Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.（你还可以发觉那个市场很好。）⑸enough、too、so>very>quite>verymuch的用法：enough（“足够，十分”）放在形容词或副词之后:too（“太”）、very（“非常”）、quite（“相当”）、so（“如此地”）等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch（“非常”）放在动词Z后。如：It'stoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.（它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。）/1don'tlikesweetsverymuch.（我不很喜欢糖果）［注意］very与much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：Heisverystupid.（他很笨）/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.（电影非常动人，大家都哭了）/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.（你得学习更努力，不然你考不进那所好学校）/1dontlikehimmuch.（我不太喜欢他）⑹sometimes>sometime>sometimes、sometime的用法:sometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、sometime（在将来某时）用丁将來时、sometimes（数次）表示次数、sometime（一些时间）表示一段时间。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.（他们有时徒步旅行到山里去）/Iwillstayheresometime.（我会在这儿呆些时候的。）/1willmeetyourfathersometime.（我什么吋候要见见你的父亲。）（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子屮的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物（可能含有形容词作修饰语）进行感叹用what.如：Whatafineday（itis）today!（今天天气真好!）/Howdifficult（theproblemis）!（（问题）真难呀!）⑻already,yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet—般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?（你已经做好了？）/1havenothadmybreakfastyet.（我还没有吃早饭呢。）⑼hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”,hardly是否定词億思是：\n"儿乎不"，一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：TheystudyEnglishveryhard.（他们英语学得很刻苦）/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.（在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰）（10）like...verymuch>1ike...better（=prefer）>like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示"非常喜欢”、"更喜欢"、“最喜欢”。如:Ilikebaseballverymuch.（我非常喜欢棒球）/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?（/Theylikehamburgersbest.（11）“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;®rather+a+形容词+名词二a+rather+形容词+名词。如：Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy（家伙）.（我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙）/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.（这真是散步的好Fl子）（12）how的儿个短语：howoften“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；howsoon"多久以后”，用于将来时态；howlong"多久”，用于过去吋、完成时或其他时态；howmanytimes"多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；howmuch“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量（不可数咸金钱进行提问。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenlike（his?（你这样已经多久了？）/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?（他侮隔多久洗一次脸？）（13）much,more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外，还是程度副词,much表示“很”，修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用來构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如1：Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.（这个公园比那个漂亮多了）/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.（这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影）（14）nomore>nolongernot...anymore^no...anylonger的用法：表示时间,可以用nolonger>not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用nomore>not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.（他不再住在那里）/Tomwantednomorecakes.（他不想再要蛋糕）/Hedidn'tsmokeanymore/longer.（他不再抽烟）（15）被动语态中，方式副词一般放住be与谓语动词之间。如1：Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.（赛跑运动员受了重伤）/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.（如今I比界上英语说得很广泛）（16）too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...©..（“太.……以致不……”）是否定的结构，用于简单句；so...（hat...（“如此・・・以致…”）是肯定结构,用于复合句。如1：Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.（这孩子年龄太小还不能参军）/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.（他这么强壮，搬得动那个重箱子。）（17）既是形容词也是副词的单词有:early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight爭暮。如：Itwasalongholiday.（那是个长假）/Hestayedthereveiylong.（他在那儿呆了好久）/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.（好好想你就会找到办法）/Heisaveryhard（难对付的）person.（他是个难玩的家伙）（18）farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示"更多、进一步、额外”等意思，此吋不能换为farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.（他们决定第二天走得再远些）/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.（这个问题还要进一步讨论）/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.（他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修）强化训练复习第兀部分TEXTONE\nMostcellsaretransparent一inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive・Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek'sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,DrFeldstechniquecelebratesbansparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex・Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial・(Lightzipsalongattheactual"speedoflighf\fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.DrFeldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents・Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactsasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated・Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDrFeld'snewformofmicroscopyitsname.Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways・Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible一withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower一toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.Totesthisidea,DrFeldlookedatcervical-cancercells・Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive・Missit,andshewilldie.DrFeldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod・Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus・Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.DrFeldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolours,sinceeachcolourhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial・Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,DrFeld'stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.1・Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat[A]thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy.[B]itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells.[C]itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight.[D]itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions.2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTrueofthespeedoflightinmaterials?[A]Lightrunsthefastestwhenitispassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld[B]Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravelinginvacuum[C]Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual"speedoflight".\n[A]Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelthroughdifferentcells.2.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat[A]thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample.[B]therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat・[C]thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow.[D]thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachothe匚4・DrFeld，smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby[A]detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories.[B]findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells・[C]examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus.[D]identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells.5•Thebesttitleofthepassagescouldbe[A]ImageoftheTransparentCells・[B]NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency・[C]RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells.[D]NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了观察透明活细胞的新方法。第一段讲述过去观察方法的问题；第二段讲述新方法X线断层阶段显微镜方法的大致情况；第三、四、五段讲述该方法具体的情况；第六段讲述Feld博士研究的方法可以探测癌症细胞；第七段讲述Feld博士使用不同颜色光束来得到更好的图像。词汇注释：tomographicadj.X线断层的interferometryn.干涉测量crunchyadj.松脆的cervicaladj.子宫的nucleolusn.核仁难句突破：(1)DrFeldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.[主体句式]DrFeldandhisteamsetoutto…,withaviewto••-[结构分析]这是一个复合句，what引导的是宾语从句；withaviewto…是句子的状语。[句子译文]Feld博士及其小组因此开始寻找这些不同，希望可以通过不同的折射率来辨析细胞的成分。(2)Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.[主体句式]Tomeasure*••theyuseatechnique…[结构分析]这是一个复合句，which引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的interferometry□To不定式结构是目的状语。[句子译文]为了估测某一细胞不同组成部分的折射率，他们使用了一种将一束光线一分为二的干涉测量方法。题目分析：1.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat1.X线断层阶段显微镜方法和其他观察细胞的方法不同之处在于fA]thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy.fA]穿过细胞的光在X\n线断层阶段显微镜方法中是没有改变的。[B]itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells.[B]它不要求要那些杀掉细胞的小伎俩。IC]itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight.[C]它不依靠吸收或反射的光。[D]itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions.[D]它nJ'以从三个方位上看到细胞的所有组成成分。[答案]C[难度系数]☆☆☆[分析]细节题。根据第一段和第二段，该显微镜方法可以观察活细胞，但是之前的一些方法也可以看活细胞，因此并不是不同之处；A选项，这点第二段提到的是一些光穿过时没有改变，不代表所有的都没改变；C选项，第二段提到没有依靠吸收或反射的光；D选项选项的这点文章屮没有提到。因此，答案为C选项。1.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTrueofthespeedoflightinmaterials?2.关于光在物质中的传播速度，下列哪个陈述是正确的？[A]Lightrunsthefastestwhenitispassesthroughtransparentmaterials.[A]光在穿过透明物体时的速度是最快的。[B]Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravelinginvacuum.[B]光速只有在真空状态下才能够被准确测量。[C]Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflightv.[C]任何物质中光的速度都比真正的光速慢。[D]Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelthroughdifferentcells.[D]光穿过不同的细胞时光速也会变化。[答案]C[难度系数]☆☆☆[分析]细节题。根据第三段，光在真空中速度最快，而真实世界中真空也存在，因此A选项都是错误的。B选项的错误则是在于，虽然其表述正确，但是却与题干要求讨论的“光在物质屮的传播速度”无关。C选项，文章也提到了这点，没有别的物体别光速快的。D选项，光通过不同的细胞折射率不同。因此，答案为C选项。2.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat3.干涉测量法中，黑暗的结果表zj