初中英语知识要点汇总(一) 5页

初中英语知识要点汇总（一）1•宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？不在动词后作宾语（动宾）：Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?划线部分是动词know的宾语.3.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语：Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。3在介词后作宾语（介宾）：Let'stalkabouthowwesolvethisproblem.4在Fmsorry...,Fmafraid...,Fmsure...等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.宾语从句需注意的时态问题：点主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。Hesays（that）hewillhaveawalksoon.（soon指将来，从句用将来时）Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.（今早已过去，从句用过去时）Q主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.3无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?（不是isshe）2•状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件（if和unless引导）状语从句和时间（when等引导，见下文）状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题：盘主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if（如果），unless（除非），whcn（当…的时候）,assoonas（一…就…）,before,after,until,till,as（当…的时候）所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakcarestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.（主句有情态动词）CouldyoulookaftermysonafterIleavehome?\n（情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时）Iwillgooutassoonasitstopsrainingthisaftemoon.（主句是将来时）—1—\nWaitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.（主句是祈使句）3而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如：IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3•定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词,从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指"在那里"，when指“在那时"。（以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。）Sheisagirlisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Thegirlistailismysister.（以上关系词作主语，不可省略。）Sheisagirl/whom/也a"Iknowverywell.（关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）Thatboywhoswhairisverylongismybrother.Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.（关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩子的后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。）Iboughtawatch（which/that}Ipaid100yuanfor.（指物，作pay的宾语，可以省略。）Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.（关系词译为"这个地方"，主语，不可省）Ipreferaplacewhw牝IcanliveaquietlifeL（关系词译为"在这个地方”，是地点副词。）Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.（"在这一天"，是时间副词）3.wish和hope:不wish既可接todosth.也可接sb+todosth.也可接that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish（that）Icouldbeascientist.（注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）3hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.Ihope（that）ever/thinggoeswell.（接从句时不用虚拟）4.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.\n（此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果"）Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn'tmakesuchmistakes.（此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。）6•感官动词用法之一：see,hear,listento,watch,notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进岳知中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.（我入睡时有人正敲门）Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.（听的是全过程）Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.（此处有频率词often）若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：Wesawhimgointotherestaurant.—>Hewasseentogointotherestaurant.Iheartheboycryeveryday.—>Theboyisheardtocryeveryday.7.感官动词用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词。Helooksangry.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautiful.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.Theyalllookedtired.这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsoundslikegreatfirn.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8・find和think部分用法:find/think+宾语+宾语补足语。（代替宾从）宾补有以下情况：去•名词短语Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.3.形容词短语Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.3）•有时宾补后可接带to不定式Ifoundithardtofbolthegirl.4find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语。Ifoundhimreadingabookjustnow.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:Awouldlike,和want类似：◊都可接名词短语：Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.◊都可接带to不定式：Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.\n◊都可接sb撚后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.2feellike:◊后也可接名词短语：Doyoufeellikesometea?◊后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon'tfeellikedrinkingtea.【注：feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中°】10•词序易错的短语：6形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.3else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?8enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.^lemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog・Shedoesn^tlistencarefullyenough.11•对"评价”、"天气"的提问之区别：去Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike…？=How/Whatdoyoufeelabout...?“你对…怎么看？"（How...?句中有like,是动词。）2What'stheweatherlikein...?=Howistheweatherin...?"...的天气什么样?"（What...?句中有like,是介词，"像而How...?句中无like.）12・take,cost,pay,spend区别：d）It+take+sb+sometime+todosth：Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.3物+cost+sb+钱：Thebagcostmethirtyyuan・若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是"：Thebagcosts30Yuan.3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth：Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.・（pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。）6人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/（in）doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours（in）searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes・spend有时可指“度过"：spendholiday/weekends/winter