初中英语宾语从句课件(1) 54页

语法专项复习ObjectClause宾语从句\nWeknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句什么是宾语从句？试比较\n一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句就是由一个句子作主句的宾语（常作动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语），而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句\n二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序\n（一）连接词（取决于从句的类型）1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。（unit3)\n宾语从句连接词:1.陈述句作宾语2.一般疑问句作宾语3.特殊疑问句作宾语thatif/whether原有的连接代词和连接副词主句+that+主语+谓语部分主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分\nWe’llhaveexamsnextFriday.UsingsayIcanhelphim.Theteachersays(that)we’llhaveexamsnextFriday.Thegirlsays(that)shecanhelphim.\nTheraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.(Billthinks…)Billthinks(that)theraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.2.TheWaterFestivalisreallyfun.(Iknew…)Iknew(that)theWaterFestivalwasreallyfun.注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。\ne.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。1、that引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，表示陈述一件事。且主句的谓语动词是think,know,say,guess,hope,believe,wish,等。that无词义，只起连接作用，不充当句子的成分，在口语中常省略。\nIsJimin?Hasshetakenanymedicine?UsingwonderLiLeiwondersif/whetherJimisin.Thedoctorwondersif/whethershehastakensomemedicine.\n把下列各句变为肯定句IsJimathome?Jimisathome.2.IsJuneagoodtimetovisitHongKong?JuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.3.Doeshelikesports?Helikessports.4.Willtheyplaybasketballafterschool?Theywillplaybasketballafterschool.\ne.g.1.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）2.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）whether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2、当宾语从句由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来时，要用if或whether引导且从句要用陈述句语序。If或whether表示选择，译为“是否”，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子的成分，通常可以互换，不可省略。\n把下列各句变为宾语从句IsJimathome?(Iwonder…)Iwonderwhether/ifJimisathome.2.IsJuneagoodtimetovisitHongKong?(Hewonders…)Hewonderswhether/ifJuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.\n把下列各句变为宾语从句3.Doeshelikesports?(Doyouknow…)Doyouknowwhetherhelikessports?4.Willtheyplaybasketballafterschool?(Heasks…)Heaskswhethertheywillplaybasketballafterschool.\nIf与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether\n3、由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestion1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）whomtheyarewaitingfor\n（二）语序：陈述句语序即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述语序，即从句的连接词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当连接词作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。将下列句子换成陈述句语序Areyouateacher?Sheasks.Sheasksif/whetheryouareateacher.\neg:SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。IwillwritetoyouwhatIwanttosay.我会写给你我想说的话。Idon’tknowwhowantstoborrowthesemagazines.我不知道谁想借这些杂志。\n（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?任何\n2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.过去\n3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在\n三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail_______________________.\n(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(4)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?A:Heaskedustobequiet.whattodonexthowtoworkitout\n四、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。即：主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。eg:Ithink.Hewon’tcomewithyou.(合并为一句）Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.\n１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。\n4．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC\n5Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC\n7.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.whichA8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingC\nII.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.\nTheradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingwereweredoing\n10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid\n从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时主句时态\n将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillsayatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.\n6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.\n宾语从句小结一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二．主从时态关系主句从句１．一般现在时２．一般过去时3.(特殊):任何时态(客观、自然现象)三.语序：陈述语序时态不变时态相应变化一般现在时\nGoodbye!从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时\nUnit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious.感叹句\nThecatiscute.How_____thecatis!cute\nThepandasarelovely.How_____thepandasare!lovely\nHerunsfast.How____heruns!fast\nSheswimswonderfully.How__________sheswims!wonderfully\nWorkouttherules:Howcutethecatis!Howlovelythepandasare!Howfastheruns!形容词/副词Howwonderfullysheswims!1．How＋________＋主语＋谓语！Howprettyagirlsheis!2．How＋______＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！形容词HowIlikeit!/Howtimeflies!How+主+谓+…!\nStatements(陈述句)1.Thewaterisimportant.Howimportantthewateris！2.Englishisdifficult.HowdifficultEnglishis！3.Lucydanceswell.HowwellLucydances！4.Heisastrangeman.Howstrangeheis！\nWhatitis!It’sabeautifulflower.abeautifulflowerHowbeautifulthefloweris!\nlovelybirdsWhattheyare!Theyarelovelybirds\ncoldweatherWhatitis！coldweather\nWorkouttherules:Whatabeautifulflower____!Whatcoldweather____!Whatanexcitingfilm____!Whatlovelybirds_______!itisitisitistheyare主语+谓语nounphrase名词短语What＋____________＋主语＋谓语！单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词\nWhatbeautifulflowersare!Howsunnyitis!Howbeautifultheflowersare!Whatasunnyday(itis)!What+a/an+adj+n.(单数)+(主+谓)+…!What+(adj.)+n.(复数/不可数)+(主+谓)+…!\n1.________cleverboyheis!2.________colditistoday!3.________niceweatheritis!4.________hardtheyareworking!5.________wellhewrites!6.________noisyplace(itis)!7.________beautifullyhedraws!WhataHowWhatHowHowWhataHow用What,Whata/an,或How填空。Exercises5’\n8._________wellyoulook!9._________interestingfilmitis!10.________carefullyheisdrawing!11.________hardheworks!12.________hardworkitis!13.________honestboyTomis!WhatanHowHowWhatWhatanHow\nHowcoldweatheritis！Howlovelybirdstheyare！×דT”or“F”Howcoldtheweatheris!Whatclevertheboysare!Whathightheplanesfly!√WhatWhatHow××How3’\nHowtallthemanis!Whatatallman(heis)!tall\nWhatabigpumpkinitis!Howbigthepumpkinis!big\nThankyou