《初中英语语法》PPT课件 92页

中考语法精讲\nTheobjectclause宾语从句定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。\n1.CouldyoupleasetellmeifDavidSmithcomes?2.CouldyoupleasetellmewhetherJanecomesornot?3.Couldyoupleasetellmewhowillbringfood?4.Couldyoupleasetellmewhatweneedtobuy?5.Couldyoupleasetellmewhenthepartystarts?6.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethepartyis?7.Couldyoupleasetellmehowwecangetthere?8.Couldyoupleasetellmewhichbusweshouldtake?Let’sgotothepartytogether,let’shaveagoodtime.\n宾语从句三要素：一、引导词二、语序三、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移\n宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：一、引导词（看从句）从句是陈述句(口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.thatif/whether（是否）wh/how(即特殊疑问词)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether;是肯定语气，用that.\nIf/whether（是否）的区别一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.②在介词前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.④做主语从句：Whetherheisrightisn’timportant.主语\n从句是特殊疑问句,当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致,可简化成:特殊疑问词+todo.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestpostoffice？\n1.填写合适的引导词1Canyoutellme______youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe5.Idon'tknow___hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose8.Heaskedhisfriend_______togothereornot.A.ifBwhetherC.whatD.thatCCABBAAB\n2：用that,if/whether,how,where,what,….等连接词填空.1.Ihear_____theywillvisitourschoolnextweek.2.Doyouknow_____thegirlis?3.Couldyoutellme_____Icangettothepark?4.Wethought______youhadneverbeentherebefore.5.Pleasetellme_______youlive.6.Motheraskedme___________Ihadfinishedmyhomework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whether\n7.Doyouknow_____sheisangry?8.Theteacherasked_____yournamewas.9.Tomisten.Iwanttoknow_________youare.10.Heaskedyou_______youwereastudentornot.whywhathowoldwhether\n二、语序Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderifheworkshard.或Iwonderwhetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.陈述句语序即：连词＋主语＋谓语动词①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：What’sthematter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变.如:Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematter?可以告诉我怎么了吗?\n3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。IthinkthathewillcometoChinanextyear.Iwanttoknowifhewasathomeyesterday.Canyoutellmewheredoesyourmotherwork?Doyouknowwhocananswerthequestion?Pleasetelluswhereisthehospital?√√yourmotherworksthehospitalis√\n三、时态①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）he__________(come)backnextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。（看主句）如：Hesaid（that）there______(be)noclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Wewonderwhenhe_______(start)learningEnglish.Hetoldmehe_______(can)swim.werecouldstartedwillcomeTheteacheraskedhimwhathe____________(do)atseven.wasdoingMyfriendaskedmewhenI____________(leave)forBeijing.wouldleave或wasleavingHetoldmethathe_______________(be)toShanghai.hadbeenCouldyoutellmehowhe________(go)toschooleveryday?goes\n4.时态练习1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Couldyoutellmewhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveledADCBCCouldyoutellme+宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。\n四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别1.宾语从句:ifwhen2.状语从句:条件状语从句if时间状语从句when是否什么时候(即特殊疑问词)如果从句时态根据句意而定当……时时态:主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情态动词,从句一般现在时.主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。\n5.If/when区别练习:1.Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow，Iwon’tcome.2.Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.3.Idon’tknowifhe__________(come)tomorrow.Ifhe______(come),I’lltellyou.4.Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.5.Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?I’llleaveforamoment.wouldrainrainswillcomecomesstopswillstart如果是否是否如果当…….的时候什么时候\n其它问题didsheIdon’tthinkheisserious,_________?isheIbelievehecanfinishitontime,____________?can’the否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等词时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如：Idon’tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1.一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：如：Shedidn’tsaythathewouldcomehere,________?2.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。主句是陈述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.问句：？Doyouknowwhenhe’llbeback?\n宾语从句六注意：一、引导词if/whether区别特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+todo二、语序whatisthematter?（怎么了？）语序不变三、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象,仍用一般现在时Couldyoutellme…?四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、反意疑问句一般看主句Think,believe,suppose,guess等看从句六、否定转移在think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：Idon’tthinkhehastimetoplaywithgirl.我认为他没时间和女孩玩。\n练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.Whatishisname?Idon’tknow____________________2.WhendidyoubegintostudyEnglish?Ididn’tknow____________________________3.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.Theteachersaid__________________________4.Doesheliveinthatstreet?Couldyoutellme________________________whathisnameis.whenyoubegantostudyEnglish.itwasimportanttolearnEnglish.ifhelivesinthatstreet.\nTranslatethefollowingsentences.1.我认为不会下雨．I____________thatit____________.2.我认为你的答案不对.I_____________youranswer＿＿right.３.我们相信他还没走？We_____________thathe____________.宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词．don’tthinkwillraindon’tthinkisdon’tbelievehasgone\n6.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.Ididn’tknow_____theplane___________.7.他问我会议什么时候开始.Heaskedme_____themeeting___________.8.没人知道他是什么时候出生的.Nooneknows_____he___________.9.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun__________thanthemoon.10.我不能肯定他来还是不来.I’mnotsure_______he________ornot.whywaslatewhenwouldbeginwhenwasbornisbiggerwhetherwillcome\n1.CouldyoupleasetellmeifDavidSmithcomes?2.CouldyoupleasetellmewhetherJanecomesornot?3.Couldyoupleasetellmewhowillbringfood?4.Couldyoupleasetellmewhatweneedtobuy?5.Couldyoupleasetellmewhenthepartystarts?6.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethepartyis?7.Couldyoupleasetellmehowwecangetthere?8.Couldyoupleasetellmewhichbusweshouldtake?Let’sgotothepartytogether,let’shaveagoodtime.\n宾语从句三要素：一、引导词二、语序三、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移\n宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：一、引导词（看从句）从句是陈述句(口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.thatif/whether（是否）wh/how(即特殊疑问词)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether;是肯定语气，用that.\nIf/whether（是否）的区别一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.②在介词前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.④做主语从句：Whetherheisrightisn’timportant.主语\n从句是特殊疑问句,当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致,可简化成:特殊疑问词+todo.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestpostoffice？\n1.填写合适的引导词1Canyoutellme______youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe5.Idon'tknow___hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose8.Heaskedhisfriend_______togothereornot.A.ifBwhetherC.whatD.thatCCABBAAB\n2：用that,if/whether,how,where,what,….等连接词填空.1.Ihear_____theywillvisitourschoolnextweek.2.Doyouknow_____thegirlis?3.Couldyoutellme_____Icangettothepark?4.Wethought______youhadneverbeentherebefore.5.Pleasetellme_______youlive.6.Motheraskedme___________Ihadfinishedmyhomework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whether\n7.Doyouknow_____sheisangry?8.Theteacherasked_____yournamewas.9.Tomisten.Iwanttoknow_________youare.10.Heaskedyou_______youwereastudentornot.whywhathowoldwhether\n二、语序Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderifheworkshard.或Iwonderwhetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.陈述句语序即：连词＋主语＋谓语动词①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：What’sthematter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变.如:Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematter?可以告诉我怎么了吗?\n3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。IthinkthathewillcometoChinanextyear.Iwanttoknowifhewasathomeyesterday.Canyoutellmewheredoesyourmotherwork?Doyouknowwhocananswerthequestion?Pleasetelluswhereisthehospital?√√yourmotherworksthehospitalis√\n三、时态①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）he__________(come)backnextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。（看主句）如：Hesaid（that）there______(be)noclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Wewonderwhenhe_______(start)learningEnglish.Hetoldmehe_______(can)swim.werecouldstartedwillcomeTheteacheraskedhimwhathe____________(do)atseven.wasdoingMyfriendaskedmewhenI____________(leave)forBeijing.wouldleave或wasleavingHetoldmethathe_______________(be)toShanghai.hadbeenCouldyoutellmehowhe________(go)toschooleveryday?goes\n4.时态练习1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Couldyoutellmewhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveledADCBCCouldyoutellme+宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。\n四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别1.宾语从句:ifwhen2.状语从句:条件状语从句if时间状语从句when是否什么时候(即特殊疑问词)如果从句时态根据句意而定当……时时态:主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情态动词,从句一般现在时.主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。\n5.If/when区别练习:1.Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow，Iwon’tcome.2.Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.3.Idon’tknowifhe__________(come)tomorrow.Ifhe______(come),I’lltellyou.4.Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.5.Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?I’llleaveforamoment.wouldrainrainswillcomecomesstopswillstart如果是否是否如果当…….的时候什么时候\n其它问题didsheIdon’tthinkheisserious,_________?isheIbelievehecanfinishitontime,____________?can’the否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等词时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如：Idon’tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1.一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：如：Shedidn’tsaythathewouldcomehere,________?2.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。主句是陈述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.问句：？Doyouknowwhenhe’llbeback?\n宾语从句六注意：一、引导词if/whether区别特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+todo二、语序whatisthematter?（怎么了？）语序不变三、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象,仍用一般现在时Couldyoutellme…?四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、反意疑问句一般看主句Think,believe,suppose,guess等看从句六、否定转移在think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：Idon’tthinkhehastimetoplaywithgirl.我认为他没时间和女孩玩。\n练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.Whatishisname?Idon’tknow____________________2.WhendidyoubegintostudyEnglish?Ididn’tknow____________________________3.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.Theteachersaid__________________________4.Doesheliveinthatstreet?Couldyoutellme________________________whathisnameis.whenyoubegantostudyEnglish.itwasimportanttolearnEnglish.ifhelivesinthatstreet.\nTranslatethefollowingsentences.1.我认为不会下雨．I____________thatit____________.2.我认为你的答案不对.I_____________youranswer＿＿right.３.我们相信他还没走？We_____________thathe____________.宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词．don’tthinkwillraindon’tthinkisdon’tbelievehasgone\n6.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.Ididn’tknow_____theplane___________.7.他问我会议什么时候开始.Heaskedme_____themeeting___________.8.没人知道他是什么时候出生的.Nooneknows_____he___________.9.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun__________thanthemoon.10.我不能肯定他来还是不来.I’mnotsure_______he________ornot.whywaslatewhenwouldbeginwhenwasbornisbiggerwhetherwillcome\n1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone\n部分常见的不规则动词：go---went---gonedo---did---donehave/has---had---hadtake---took---takeneat---ate---eatensee---saw---seenspeak---spoke---spokenwrite---wrote---writtensing----sang----sungbuild----built----builtgrow---grew---grownmake---made---madeam/is/are---was/were---beensend---sent---sent\n英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态\n被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)\nHeplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.\n主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.\nTombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.\n主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。\nTomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.\nHisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.\n1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.变为被动语态一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词\n一般现在时am/is/are+p.p.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.\n2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词\nHeputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.一般过去时was/were+p.p.Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.\n3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+willbe+过去分词\n一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.\n4.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.含有情态动词的：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词\n含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+be+p.p.Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.\n5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词\n6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词\n7．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词\n现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.\n各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：am/is/are+P.Pwas/were+P.P.can/may/must/should+be+P.P.will+be+P.P.am/is/are+being+P.P.was/were+being+P.P.have/has+been+P.P.\n练习一Mymothermadethesoup.2.UncleWangwillrepairmycomputer.Youmustcleanyourroomonceaweek.Theboybrokethewindow.5、Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.Thesoupwasmadebymymother.MycomputerwillberepairedbyUncleWang.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek(byyou).Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(bytheworkers).\n被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.何时使用被动语态呢？\n3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.\n5、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。6、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．\n7、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…\n补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.\n2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.\n4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。\n几种值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenoticeto...be\n(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….\nWeoftenhearthemsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).\nBobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…tosb.HetoldJimastory.\nMummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.makebuydraw…forsb.Iboughtmybrotherabook.\n练习二1.Myparentsboughtmeabike.2.Havetheypaidyouthemoney?3.Heistellingusafunnystory.4.JackgaveJimapresent.Iwasboughtabikebymyparents.Abikewasboughtformebymyparents.Haveyoubeenpaidthemoney?B.Hasthemoneybeenpaidtoyou?Wearebeingtoldafunnystory.Afunnystoryisbeingtoldtous.JimwasgivenapresentbyJack.ApresentwasgiventoJimbyJack.\n1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌\n3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.\n5.Lastyearwebuiltalibraryinourschool.Alibrary______________inourschoollastyear.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasbuiltcanbeused\n7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished\n9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous\n10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone\n12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken\n课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten\n(二)用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike___________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3)Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4)French___________(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_____________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed\n1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhaveto  B．arenotkept；have    C．donotkeep；willhaveto    D．donotkeep；haveto   2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow. A.developedB.havedeveloped C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped 3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentold  B．I'vetold C．I'mtold    D．ItoldACA\n4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___. A.hascompleted  B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted 5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture. A.cut    B.arecut C.arebeingcut   D.hadbeencut 6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.  A.hasbeendesigned        B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned    D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.  A.breaks    B.hasbroken C.wasbroken             D.hadbeenbrokenDCBC\n8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.   A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup 9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.   A.hadcosted B.costedC.iscostedD.cost 10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.      ---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for? A.isbeingbuilt  B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilt   D.isbuilding 11.---Doyoulikethecloth?     ---Yes,it___verysoft. A.isfeeling  B.felt  C.feels   D.isfeltBDAC\n12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．write   B．towrite C．tobewritten   D．written 13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totype       B．typing C．tobetyped   D．typed 14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily. A.won’twashout B.won’tbewashedout C.isn’twashedout D.isn’twashingout 15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___. A.beputup  B.givein C.beturnedon  D.gooutBCAD\n16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.  A.belongs   B.arebelongedto C.belongsto  D.belongto 17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?       ---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.  A.toread B.tobereadC.readingD.beingread 18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.  A.catching  B.tobecaught C.beingcaught  D.tocatch   19.Thispageneeded___again.  A.beingchecked B.checked C.tocheck  D.tobechecked 20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.Havingtaught B.Havingbeentaught C.taught   D.TeachingDCCDB\n（四）将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：ZhengJieinventedthisspecialpen.变被动句2)ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.变主动句3)Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.4)Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie.JimmyfixedupthebikeSunglassesareused(bypeople)toprotecteyes.Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toputuphandsinclass.