初中英语总复习数词讲解 12页

◆课前轻松阅读JimSmithwasapoorboy.Onedayhewasverycoldandhungry.Hecametoahouseandaskedayoungwomanonlyforaglassofwater.Buttheladywassokindthatshegavehimalargeglassofhotmilk.Jimdrankitandthenasked,“HowmuchshouldIpayyou?”“Youdon’tneedtopay.”Shereplied.Jimthankedherfromthebottomofhisheart.Yearslater,Jimbecameadoctor.Oneday,awomanwassenttohishospital.Shewasseriouslyill.Herecognizedheratonceanddecidedtodohisbesttosaveherlife.Theoperationwassuccessful,butthecostwashigh.Afterlookingatthewoman’sbill,Jimwrotesomethingonit.Whenthewomanreceivedthebill,shedidn’tdaretolookatit.However,somethingonthesideofthebillcaughtherattention.Shebegantoreadthefollowingwords:Paidinfullwithoneglassofmilk.第四讲：数词◆考点导航关于数词，近五年中考对数词的考查重点是：基数词和序数词的构成和用法；分数的表示方法及日常交际常见的数词的用法。对数词的考查以单项选择、词汇题或完形填空等形式出现，分值为2—3分。如下：1．掌握年、月、日、时刻的表达方法。2．掌握基数词、序数词的构成及其用法。3．分数的表达及主谓一致。4．考查hundred，thousand，million，billion等词的用法。◆数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。一、基数词的构成◇最基本的数词1one,2two,3three,4four,5five,6six,7seven,8eight,9nine,10ten,11eleven,12twelve,13thirteen,14fourteen,15fifteen,16sixteen,17seventeen,18eighteen,19nineteen,20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,60sixty,70seventy,80eighty,90ninety,100ahundred,1,000athousand1,000,000amillion,1,000,000,000abillion1．1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，，。0读作2．13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如：fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊，13—15—18—。Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n3．20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如：sixty，seventy，但20，30，40，50，80，90较特殊，20—30—40—50—80—90—。4．十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。5．百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix。6．hundred（百），（千），（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600—sixhundred，8百万—eightmillion。7．1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thousand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thousand）”表示“几十万”。如：2，510＝twothousandfivehundredandten；84，296＝eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six；274，350＝88,065,909＝。读出下列数字：1，001→onethousandandone   9，785→ninethousand，sevenhundredandeighty-five   18，423→eighteenthousand，fourhundredandtwenty-three   6，260，309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine   750，000，000，000→sevenhundredandfiftybillion8．hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of＋复数名词”，如：数以百计的年轻人hundredsofyoungpeople；数以千计的书thousandsofbooks。注意：hundredsof／thousandsof／millionsof＋复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或many。有具体的数词的时候，这些词不能加S。9．基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy；一座800米长的桥；女子400米接力。10．句型：主语＋is＋about（大约）／over＝morethan（超过）／nearly（接近）＋具体数词＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long／high／tall／deep／away等。如：长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6，300kilometreslong．二、序数词1．基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别：，，，eight—nine—，five—，twelve—，twenty—，forty—，twenty-five—。2．其余情况均在基数词后加th。如：six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth,hundred—hundredth,thousand—thousandth等。3．序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。   1st2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，first，second，third要牢记;其它变化有公式，基数词尾加-th;Eight去t,nine去e;从twenty，thirty到ninety，需变y为ie;five和twelve,需将ve变f;若是遇到“几十几”，只变个位就可以。三、数词的用法1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：　　  ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主语）　　  ---Howmanywouldyoulike？　　  ---Three，please．（作宾语）　　  ThenineboysarefromTianjin.（定语）　　  Sixplusfouristen.（表语）　　  Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位语）(2)表示一个具体数字时，hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.　　  TheyarrivedintwosandAlazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\nthrees．(3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：　　  Heisinhisearlythirties．　　  Hediedstillinhisforties．　　  Thistookplaceinthe1930s．(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.   表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve    表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten     表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty 2.序数词的用法（1）（1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。   eg.Tomistheirsecondson.   Heisthefirstonetocomehere.　　  Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets．　　  Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor．（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：　　  We'llhavetodoitasecondtime．ShallIaskhimathirdtime？　　  WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak．（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日读作：September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twoAlazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\nfifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：    first→1st        second→2ndthird→3rd              fourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd四、数词在生活中的应用1．钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如：现在是5点钟—It'sfive（o'clock）．②“几点过几分，≤30分钟”用介词past。如：7：05—fivepastseven；7：15—fifteen（aquarter）pastseven；7：30—halfpastseven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40—twentytoeight；7：45—fifteen（aquarter）toeight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05—sevenofive；7：15—sevenfifteen。2．编号的表示：①LessonOne＝thefirstlesson第一课；②BusNo．3＝theNo．3bus3路公共汽车；③表示住所时不用“No．”如：302房间—Room302（读作：roomthreeotwo）；④如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page457第457页；⑤电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633—threeeightfivefive（doublefive）sixthreethree（doublethree）。3．年月日的表示：①年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999—nine-teenninety-nine；1900—nineteenhundred；2000—twothousand；1905—nineteenofive；②年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June8，1998；读作：Junetheeighth，nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune，nineteenninety-eight。4．分数的表达：①分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：1／3onethird，2／3twothirds；②1／2a（one）half，1／4或a，3／4或。5．倍数的表达：一倍用once，两倍用，两倍以上用基数词＋。如：5倍。1）倍数表示法　　a.主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+as+adj.+as　　　Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.　我有你三倍那么多。　　b.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+thesize(amount，length…)of…Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n　　　Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.　地球是月球的49倍。　　c.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than…　　Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.　　今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。　　d.还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍　　Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.　　今年粮食产量增加了4倍。6、小数的小数点读作point，零读作o或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。7、百分数(%)，读作percent，但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。8、表示日期有两种说法和四种写法，如：2月1号英语表达法为：thefirstofFebruary而美语为February(the)first,但其书写上可有四种写法①　February1②February1st③1stFebruary④1/2。五、特殊用法1．数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Twomonthsisquitealongtime．Fourandtwoissix．What'stwoandthree？2．一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）one／anhourandahalf＝。3．不定冠词用在序数词前表又一、再一。如：I'vetriedthreetimes，letmetryafourthtime．意为：我已经试过三次，让我再试一次吧。4、基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：　　a.与of短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如scoresofpeople指许多人；　　b.　在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里；　如：Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.　他们三三两两的到达了。　　c.表示"几十岁"；　　d.表示"年代"，用in+the+数词复数；　　e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.5、半小时为halfanhour,半天为halfaday,半镑为halfapound,尽量避免用halfayear,halfamonth,要用sixmonths,twoweeks或fifteendays要注意的是HalfoftheworkisdoneHalfofthebooksaresold.当Half作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名词时，则要用复数谓语动词。Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\nOneandahalf+复数名词做主语时候，谓语动词用单数要注意的是一个半的表达法，如：Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.其名词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。6、在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字，如数字过大则应放于句中，用阿拉伯数字。如：Thereare166studentsplayingontheground.［误］60studentsareplayingontheground.［正］Sixtystudentsareplayingontheground.7、算法种类 例句　　加法一般Fiveandsixiseleven.正式Fiveplussixis(equals)eleven. 　　减法一般Eighttakeawayfourleaves(is)four.　　FourfromEightleaves(is)four.　　正式Eightminusfourequals(is)four. 　　乘法一般Threefoursaretwelve3×4=12正式Threetimesfourequals(is)twelve.　　 一般Twointofouristwo.正式Fourdividedbytwoequalstwo. 　eg.3+5=8Threeplus／andfiveiseight.   9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.   6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty／sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.   8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.◆典型例题解析　　1-Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike?　　-Thereareover＿＿＿studentsinourschool.　　A.twothousands　B.twothousandsofC.twothousandD.twothousandof　　［答案］C.　　［析］有基数词在前面时thousand，hundred等词不能加s，也不能加of结构，只有在thousandsof时才可以使用。　　2Johnliveson＿＿＿floor.Hedoesn'tusealifttogoupanddown.　　A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth　　［答案］B.　　［析］序数词前加定冠词，nine与ninth的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。　　3WuDongwonthegirls'＿＿＿raceintheschoolsportsmeetinglastAlazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\nweek.　　A.100metresB.100metresC.100metreD.100metre　　［答案］D.　　［析］数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中，名词都不要加s，如：Ihavetowriteatwothousandwordreport.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前，不能放于名词后，作后置定语，或用在be动词后作表语。　　4Thereare＿＿＿studentsinourschool.　　A.fourhundredtwenty　B.fourhundredandtwenty　　C.fourhundredstwenty　D.fourhundredsandtwenty　　［答案］B.　　5-Howmanydaysarethereinayear?-Thereare＿＿＿.　　A.threehundredsandsixtyfiveB.threehundredssixtyfive　　C.threehundredandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsixtyfive　　［答案］C.　　6Wehavelearnedabout＿＿＿Englishwords.　　A.ninehundredsB.ninehundredC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof　　［答案］B.　　7Autumnis＿＿＿seasonoftheyear.　　A.third　B.thethreeC.third　D.thethird　　［答案］D.　　8Theyarelearning＿＿＿now.　　A.LessonEightB.theeightlessonC.LessonEighthD.Eighthlesson　　［答案］A.　　［析］第几课，第几个门……，在英语中有两种说法，①LessonTwo,GateTwo但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。②thesecondlesson,thesecondgate首字母不要大写，并要注意有些缩写的读法。如:　　9Theboywassohungrythatheate＿＿＿.　　A.threebowlsofricesB.threebowlofrice　　C.threebowlofricesD.threebowlsofrice　　［答案］D.　　［析］rice是不可数物质名词，而bowl是可数名词Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n。　　10Thereare＿＿＿monthsinayear.　　A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth　　［答案］A.◆随堂练习题(     )1.Lincolnwasbornon________. A.February12,1809 B.1809,February12  C.1809,12February  D.February1809,12(     )2.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell. A.ten-years-old   B.tenyearsold   C.ten-year-old    D.fifthyearsold(     )3.Anhourlater,_____ministerwassenttoseethe“magiccloth”wovenbythosetwomen. A.two    B.thesecond    C.thetwo     D.second(      )4.AbrahamLincolnwas_______PresidentoftheUnitedStates. A.16    B.the16     C.16th     D.the16th(     )5.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus________? A.two    B.thetwo    C.second    D.thesecond(     )6.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?          ________. A.Twentynine    B.Thirtyandtwo    C.Forty-five    D.fifties(      )7.Whichnumberiswrong?_______. A.Ninety    B.Ninteen     C.Ninth     D.Nineteenth(      )8.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasfounded_______. A.onAugust1,1927  B.in1927,1August  C.onAugust1st,1927  D.inAugust1,1927(     )9.Thenumber4,123isread_______. A.     fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-three B.fourthousandandonehundredtwenty-three C.     fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-three D.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three(     )10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________. A.inhissixty   B.inhissixties    C.insixties    D.inthesixty(     )11.Thisclassroomis________ours. A.threetimesbigas B.asthreetimesbigas C.threetimesasbigas D.asbigthreetimesas(     )12.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks________inthematch. A.three    B.third     C.thethree      D.thethird(     )13.Whichisthecarthathedrives?It's________.Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n A.fiftytwo   B.thefifty-twocars   C.thecarfiftyfour    D.thefifty-fourthcar(  )14.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________. A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.       B.Heisattheageof15. C.Heisaboyof15.               D.Heisfifteenyearold.(  )15.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly________students. A.ninehundredsof  B.ninehundred   C.ninehundreds    D.ninehundredof(   )16.Howmanynewwordsaretherein________lesson?       Thereareonly_________. A.five;fifth     B.fifth;five     C.thefifth;thefive     D.thefifth;five(   )17.________,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina'smarket. A.In1970's   B.In1970s    C.Inthe1970s'    D.Inthe1970s(   )18.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________. A.tenmileswalk    B.ten-milewalk   C.tenmile'swalk    D.tenthmilewalk(   )19.Todayisthefirstdayand________. A.Tuesdayisfourth B.Thursdayisthefourth C.secondisTuesdayD.asecondisThursday(   )20.Whichroomdoyoulivein?________. A.The201Room   B.Room201    C.Room201st   D.The201'sRoom(   )21.Howmanymagazinesdoyouhave?Ihave________. A.two    B.both     C.twice     D.thesecond(   )22.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans________. A.3,170    B.3,117     C.300,170      D.30,170(   )23.OnMay________,________peopletraveledroundthecountry. A.thefirst,millions   B.thefirst,millionsof   C.first,themillionth   D.first,millions(  )24.________ofthemarediningatschool. A.Twelve     B.Twelfth     C.Thetwelve      D.the12th(   )25.It's7:17isread________. A.sevenandseventeen  B.sevenseven  C.sevenoneseven   D.sevenseventeen(   )26.Four________twoistwo. A.plus     B.minus      C.times      D.dividedby(   )27.Three________fiveiseight. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedbyAlazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n(   )28.Three________sevenistwenty-one. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(   )29.Forty-two________sevenissix. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(    )30.Thereare________daysinayear. A.threehundredsixtyandfive          B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredsandsixty-five         D.threehundredsixty-five(    )31.Thereare________studentsinthatschool. A.twothousandeight-six              B.twothousandeighty-six C.twothousandandeighty-six          D.twothousandsandeighty-six(    )32.Ittookme________togetthere. A.twohoursandahalf                B.twohoursandhalf C.twohourandahalf                 D.twohourandhalf(   )33.Septemberis_________monthoftheyear. A.thenineth     B.theninth     C.nineth      D.ninth(    )34.Pleasepassme_______bookontheleft. A.third     B.three      C.thethird       D.thethree(    )35.________isaverytallboy. A.Thetwelve    B.Thetwelveth     C.Thetwelfeth      D.Thetwelfth(    )36.Wehaveknowneachotherfor________. A.ayearandhalf   B.ayearwithhalf    C.ayearandahalf    D.ayearwithahalf(   )37.“Whatyearisit?”       “It's________.” A.nineteenhundredandninety-seven      B.nineteenandninety-seven C.nineteenninetyandseven             D.nineteenninety-seven(   )38.“What'sthedatetoday?”       “It's_________.” A.Tuesday      B.JuneFourth       C.Junethefour      D.Junethefourth(    )39.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive________. A.inquarterpastsix B.inaquarterpastsix  C.atquarterpastsix  D.ataquarterpastsix(    )40.Myfriendwasbornon_________.Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门\n A.threeofJuly,1979                 B.thethirdofJuly,1979  C.1979,Julythethird                D.1979,thethirdofJuly(    )41.________islessthan________. A.One-third;two-thirds               B.One-third;two-third C.First-three;first-threes              D.One-third;one-three(     )42.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday?________. A.LessonSeven   B.Lessonseventh   C.The7Lesson  D.7Lesson(    )43.“What'sthedatetoday?”“It's_______.” A.thefourthofmay  B.thefourthMay  C.Mayfour   D.Maythefourth(    )44.334isread________. A.threehundredsandthirtyfour        B.threehundredsthirtyfour C.threehundredandthirtyfourth         D.threehundredandthirty-four(    )45.InFebruary,thereareonly_________days. A.twentynine    B.twenty-nineth    C.twenty-nine     D.twentyeight(   )46.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat________thisevening. A.sevenpastthirty   B.halfpastseven  C.seventhethirty   D.thirtytoseven(    )47.Ittookme________tofindoutthekeytothedrawer. A.oneandhalfhours B.oneandahalfhours C.oneandahalfhour D.oneandhalfhour(    )48.I'msotiredafter________walk. A.threehours     B.threehours'     C.threehour's     D.threehour(    )49.Thereare________starsinthesky. A.millionof    B.millionsof     C.themillion     D.amillionof(     )50.thestreetis________wide. A.twometers    B.twometer     C.thetwometer     D.atwometerKey:1.A  2.C  3.B 4.D  5.A  6.C  7.B  8.A  9.A  10.B  11.C  12.D  13.D  14.D  15.B  16.D  17.D  18.B  19.B  20.B  21.A  22.C  23.B  24.A  25.D  26.B  27.A  28.C  29.D  30.B  31.C  32.A  33.B  34.C  35.D  36.C  37.D   38.D  39.D  40.B  41.A  42.A  43.D  44.D  45.C  46.B  47.B  48.B  49.B  50.AAlazyyouth,alousyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲走进戴氏，跨入成功之门