初中英语语法归纳(连词) 4页

初中英语语法归纳：连词初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中英语连词有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语连词的用法。连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。第一类表示并列关系的连词并列连词：并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。1）and和判断改错：（错）Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething・（错）Theystartedtodanceandsang・（错）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere・（对）Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething・（对）Theystartedtodanceandsing・（对）lsawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere・解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked<>第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为sing。第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：l.and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）Makeupyourmind,andyoullgetthechanee.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance・Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed・=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed2,AandB当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数，当and连接的单数名词前分别有each,every,many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。breadandbutteraknifeandforkThemotherandteacherisverystrictwithherson・Noteacherandnostudentisallowedtosmokeinclass.3.and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气Readitagainandagain2）both...and两者都Sheplays（both）thepianoandtheguitar.3）neither...nor意思为”既不也不•'\n谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor•后的词保持一致。Neitheryounorheistoblame・4)notonly...but(also)不但而且Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.注意：notonly…butalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome・5)aswellas以及，也，与…同样Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity・比较and和or1)并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用ando第二类表示选择关系的连词1)or意思为“或则”。Whichdoyouprefer,tea,coffee,orjuice?2)either...or意思为”或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorIamright.3)orelse/otherwise否则Besilent,orelseyouwillbekickedout.Iamtired,otherwise,Iwouldplay.第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词1)but但是Heisrichbutunhappy.while然而，表示对比意味Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem,yet然而Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime・however然而，可是，不过Shedoesnotlikehim,however,Ilikehim.2)not...but...意思为”不是而是"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing・第四类表因果关系的连词1)for因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。\nHeisabsenttoday,forheisill.1)so,therefore因此Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame・Ithink,thereforeIam2)then那么，因而Hidebehindthewall,thentheywon'tseeyou.注意:a.两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。YoucanwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.b.although...yet...,但although不与but连用。（错）Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework..（对）Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.从属连词从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词1）that引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。Hesaid（that）hewouldcome.宾语从句Hismothertoldme（that）heisagoodboy■间接弓|语Thatsheisstillaliveistrue.主语从句2）if/whether是否Iwonderifheisathome.Iaskhimwhetherhewouldcome.注意：只可以用whether的情况介词示血Itwilldependonwhetheritrainstomorrow.whether--ornot固定搭配Letmeknowwhetheryoucomeornot.动词不定式前Idorftknowwhethertoaccepthisadvice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词before在…之前ThewarhadbeenoverbeforehecametoChina.after在…之后HecametoChinaafterthewarwasover.since自从IhavelivedinthiscitysinceIwasborn.when/while当…Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,whenallthestudentswereplayingWhenIcameintothisroom,Ifoundhimlyingbedasleep（while后接的动词是延\n续性的动词）as当…IsawherasIwasgettingonthebus.till/until直到Ididn5tgotosleepuntil/tillIfinishedmyhomework.assoonas一…就…Assoonashesawthepoliceman,thethiefrunaway.2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词where在哪里TherewerelotsofparkswhereIlived.3）连接原因状语从句的从属连词because原因,用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系IdoitbecauseIlikeit.for•表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastiredsince表原因，比because弱，比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然as表原因时，意义最弱Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshoulddomoreexercises4）连接结果状语从句的从属连词so-that-女口此•以至于…Heissokindthateverybodylikeshim・such-that-Heissuchakindmanthateverybodylikeshim5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词that/sothat/inorderthat为了Speakclearlythat/sothat/inorderthattheymayunderstandyou.6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词if如果Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgoonapicnic・unless除非（如果不）Hewillcomeunlessitrains.incase万一YoumaycallthisnumberincaseIamnotathome7）连接比较状语从句的从属连词than比It'seasierthanIthought.as/so-as•和…一样Sheisastallasyou.Heisnotas/sotallashiswife.8）连接方式状语从句的从属连词as按照DoasItoldyou.Takethingsastheyare.asif/though仿佛Hebehavesasif/thoughhewasachild・9）引导让步状语从句的从属连词although/though尽管AlthoughJapanissmall,thepopulationisbig.evenif艮卩便Evenifitwassnowingheavily,wewentonrunning・