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  • 2022-08-15 发布

初中英语语法大全——冠词

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初中英语语冻火冠词一,冠彳司的定丈、儘置和种类在英语中a,an称为不定冠词,the称为定冠词。名词前不用冠词时称为零冠词。有时名词前的冠词可以省略,这与零冠词不同。定义位置种类概念英语中常用a,an,the来说明名词所表示的人或事物,这三个词常位于名词的前面,故称为冠词。冠词是虚词,是名词的一种标志,他不能脱离你名词独立存在,不能单独充当句子成分。冠词是一种限定名词的词类,只能放在名词前。不定冠词a/an:—般用于单数可数名词前,表泛指O定冠词the:—般修饰可数名词(单复数),也可修饰不可数名词,表特指。零冠词:名词前不用冠词。例词adoganantthedoganewbookahouseanactortheseabyair出题点:(1)不定冠词a/an用法区别;(2)不定冠词a/an的用法;(3)不定冠词a/an的惯用表达不定冠词a/an与one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不强调数目,只表示名词为不特定者。不定冠词a/an的用法如下:不定冠词用法例词\na以辅音音素开头的单词前aone-eyedmanahouse元音中以[j],[w]发音开始的名词前auniformayearan以元音发音开始的单数可数名词前anegganapple以辅音字母开始的单词如果发音为元音因素时anhouranhonestboy1.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。Aleaffallsmuchmoreslowlythanastone.Isawamaninthedarkness,butIcouldn'tmakeoutwhoitwas.2.指代一类人或事物。该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的,而是表示一类人或事物,一般不译为“一"。Adoctorisapersonwhosavespeople'slives.Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.3.表示数量中的一。意义上接近one,但数量概念比one弱,此时常译为"一"。Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdiningroom.ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishlecturethisevening.4.表示单位量词的“每一”。用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前,有“每一…•…'‘的意思。Takethreepillsadayandyou'llgetbettersoon.Thelightblinksonceasecond.5.用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。(1)用于集体名词前Iwasputintoalargeclasslastterm.MaryandJohnareahappycouple.\n(2)用于物质名词前物质名词,如coffee,food,tea,fruit,rain,snow,wind等在表示"一种"一场"、"一杯"等意义时,常加不定冠词。Anunexpectedrainfellthismorninginthesmalltown.Fdpreferacoffeeandachickensandwich,Sir.(3)用于抽象名词前WorkingwithJaneisagreatjoy.Asawriter,sheisasuccess;butasateacher,shesafailure.(4)用于专有名词前专有名词本身表示特指,其前一般不用任何冠词。但是表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或者某一个不确定的时间时,专有名词前需要加不定冠词。AMeWhitewantstoseeyouthisafternoon.ThestorytookplaceinaSeptemberinthe1980s.6・用于有形容词、短语和从句修饰的不可数名词前。不可数名词如education,history,knowledge,population等,在表述其某一部分或者某一方面的内容、概念时,前面常加不定冠词。ChinaisanAsiancountrywithalonghistory.Acollegeeducationisbecomingmoreandmorepopularamongyoungpeople.7.用于序数词前,表示“又一;再一”。Iwantasecondcupofcoffee.Doyouwantasecondchance?8.用于同源宾语前在同源宾语中,与动词同源的名词前要加不定冠词。Lastnight,Idreamedaterribledream.Thelittlegirlsmiledafriendlysmile.\n7.用于表示动词意义的名词前语动词构成固定短语。有动词意义的名词在与动词have,take,make,give等构成动词短语表示一种非延续性的动作时,该名词前的不定冠词一般不能缺少。havealookhaveawalkgiveasmilegiveashout10.用于固定搭配中。agreatdealofmakeamoveasaresultinahurry三.定寇彳司的用眩havearestmakeachoiceforawhileafterawhilehaveatrymakeadecisionasarulehaveagoodtimeallofasuddenmakealiving出题点:(1)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物(3)在表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前面(4)用定冠词的惯用表达定冠词主要是对后面的名词起限定作用,因此“特指乙即指代上文出现过的和谈话双方都熟知的人或事物,是定冠词的主要功能。在辅音音素前读Idol,在元音音素前读[diI,意为“这,那,这些,那1.用于特指的和说话双方都知道的人或事物。Doyouknowthewomanstandingatthegateoftheschool?Isthisthebookthatyouarelookingfor?Lookattheblackboard,Lily.2.用于指代上文提到的人或事物。Iboughtabookyesterday.Thebookisveryinteresting.Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.3・用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物。Thewheelisperhapsthesimplestinventionofall.Thesharkismostdangerousanimalinthesea.Thebeaverlikesfamilylife.4.用于表示独一无二的事物前。\n天体宇宙thesuntheearththemoon自然theseatheequator方向thelefttheright江河,海洋,山脉,群岛theChangjiangRivertheHimalayas坐标theeastthesouththewestthenorth官职thePresidenttheLordThesunwasshiningbrightlyaswesaileddown.Mantraveledtothemoonscoresofyearsago.4.用于序数词、表特指的比较级和形容词、副词最高级前。Hewasthefirsttospeakagainstslavery.Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.Thegreatesttalkersarealwaystheleastdoers.6・用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“……一家人',或“夫妇俩”。TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.WeinvitedtheWhitestoourparty.7・用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或事物。Theyofferedthefood,flowersandgiftstothedead.Thewoundedhavenotbeensenttothehospitalintime.&用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。Theboyofnomorethanfourcompletepianoverybeautifully.Iplayedtheguitarintheschoolband.9・用于表示“越・・・・・・,越……,,的结构中。Themorelovewegive,themorelovewellreceive.Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake・10•用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”结构中。Thewomanhitthemaninthefaceandthemenstruckherontheback.Thefatherledhisdaughterbyherhandandwalkedintothesupermarket.\n11・用于表示具体的地点,方位,具体的时间和某天的一部分。Ineverycountrythesunrisesintheeast.Letsgointheevening.12・用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。FveneverbeentotheGreatWall.TheYangtzeriverishometomanyfishesandanimals.13・用于某些固定短语中attheageofwiththehelpofatthesametimemakethebedintheendonthewaytointheday/daytimeatthetopof四,零冠彳司的用眩出题点:(1)名词前有人称代词,不定代词时不用冠词(2)表示泛指含义的物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词(3)节日前不用冠词(4)球类名词前不用冠词1.表示泛指意义的物质名词,抽象名词,专有名词前通常不用冠词。Ironandsteelplaysanimportantroleinindustry.Happinessisadirection,notaplace.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.2.不可数名词,复数可数名词表示泛指时其前通常不用冠词。Fatherwenttohisdoctorforadviceabouthisheartproblem.Mistakesareoftenthebestteacher.3.表示季节,节日,星期几,月份等名词前通常不用冠词。Autumnistheharvestseasonoftheyear.OnChristmasdaythechildrenoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.TheLongMarchstartedinOctober,1943.4.名词前已有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时,不用冠词。Ilikethispicturebette匚Thisismyaddress.Letskeepintouch.Fdlikesomebooksaboutcarsandtoys.Astimewenton,Einstein'stheoryprovidedtobecorrect.\n1.在学科,语言,三餐,棋类名词和球类运动名词前不用冠词。Welearnedarithmeticatprimaryschool.Doyoulikeplayingbasketballorrugby?ChineseisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleandEnglishisspokenthemostwidely.2.称呼语或表示头衔,职位的名词作表语,补足语,同位语或与姓氏连用时,其前不用冠词。Staywhereyouare,girl!Fatherusuallymopsthefloorwhilemotherusuallycooksthemeal.Mr.Liisachairmanofthemeeting.3.by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示一种交通方式时,名词前不用冠词。Hegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.Nowmanypeoplewanttotravelbyplane.Didyougettherebybike?NoJwentthereinataxi.4.单数可数名词相对应使用时,各名词前不用冠词。介词和连词连接的两个相同,相对或关系密切的单数可数名词前不用冠词。alldayandallnightarminarmdayandnightdayafterdayfacetofacehandinhandheartandsoulonebyoneshouldertoshoulderlittlebylittlehusbandandwifemanandwomanstepbysteptimeandtimeagain9.and连接的由两部分组成一个整体的名词前不用冠词。and连接的表示由两部分或两种身份组成的一个整体中,第二个名词前不加冠词。但如果表示两个人或事物时,每个名词前都要加冠词。Heraisedablackandawhitecat.Heraisedablackandwhitecat.7.man表示全人类或男性时,其前不用冠词。Mencansavetheearth,andthemancandestroytheearth.Mencan'tlivewithoutwaterorai匚n.固定搭配和固定用法中。(1)与时间地点方式和状态有关的一些短语中通常不用冠词。\nonfootathomeonshowafterschoolinsurpriseloseweightgoshoppingtakecareofwatchTVatnoon(2)在一些动词短语中,通常不用冠词。setfiretocatchfireputonweighttakepartinpayattentiontokeepinmindcomebacktofirecometopower⑶as/though引导的倒装结构中,如果是名词放在句首,通常不用冠词。Girlassheis,Marryhasmanagedtoswimacrosstheriver.Expensivebookasitis,Ihavemadeupmymindtobuyit.(4)系动词turn后如果有名词时,通常不用冠词。Ihopedtobecomeapianist,butIturnedteacher.五,韦无良寇嗣的蠹丈区别introublebyhandtakeofficecatchsightofattable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁边atschool在上学attheschool在学校takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替nextyear明年thenextyear第二年inclass在上课intheclass在这个班inhospital(病人)住院inthehospital(因事)在医院onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上gotoschool去上学gototheschool去学校outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion完全不可能inbed(睡、病、躺)在床上inthebed(某人、某物)在床上bysea乘船bethesea在海边inplaceof代替intheplaceof在旁边\n1.冠词用于名词前冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语的前面。agirlanexcellentplayerthereallysurprisingnews2.固定结构中冠词的位置。(1)such在修饰单数可数名词前,不定冠词紧跟在such之后oIveneverseensuchananimatMissGreenissuchawarm-heartedteacherthatallofhispupilsloveher.(2)被形容词修饰的单数可数名词在as/so/too...之后,不定冠词置于形容词之后,名词之前。ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.JenniferisnotsosmartagirlasIthought.He'stoohonestaboy.(3)在有all/both/hali?many修饰的名词或名词短语中,冠词位于其后。Allthemovietheatersaregood.Bothwinnerswereverymodestandsaidthattheydidn'tthinktheywerebetterthantheothersingers.Wepaidhalfthepriceforthepicture.Iofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.⑷以what开头的感叹句,不定冠词紧跟在what之后;以how开头的感叹句,how后紧跟形容词,不定冠词置于该形容词后。MostpeopleknowwhatagreatscientistsEdisonbecomelater.Howtimelyarainwe'vegotinsodryaseason!例题解析1.ThisfilmissuchwonderfulsciencefictionthatIwanttoseeitsecondtime.A.a;aB.a;theC./;theD./;a解析:选A。第一空fiction为单数可数名词,此处表示泛指含义,故用不定冠词;第二空不定冠词与序数词连用,表示“又一,再一二\n2.Lingling,doyouknowwomaninwhite?…Yes,sheisanurseinourhospital.A.aB.theC./D.an解析:选B。介词短语inwhite修饰woman,表示特指。3.EarlyinthemorningwordcamethatMeBlackhadbeenelectedpresidentofthecountry.A./;/B.a;/C.a;theD./;the解析:选A。word译为“消息,信息''时为不可数名词,其前不用冠词;表示独一无二的头衔president时,其前不用冠词。4.Asweknow,EnglandisEuropeancountryandSingaporeisAsiancountry.A.an;anB.an;aC.a;aD.a;an解析:选D。European是辅音音素开头的单词用a;Asian是元音音素开头用an。5.It'snotgoodideatodriveforfourhourswithoutbreak.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;不填D.the;a解析:选Aoidea为单数可数名词,在文中首次提到,用不定冠词a;withoutabreak是固定词组译为“不休息”。6.Thecakeswhichtherestaurantservedverydelicious.Thecustomerwouldlikethirdone,becausesecondisrathertoosmall.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a解析:选c。third此处表示“又一,再一",前不用冠词;second表示“第二乙其前用定冠词。7.…Whichofthetwopoemsdoyoulikebetter?~——shorterone,ofcourse,Ithinkit'sreallymostinterestingone.A.A;theB.The;aC.The;theD.A;a解析:选B。第一空表示“两者之间比较短的那个",比较级前用定冠词the;most在文中表示“非常",相当于very,其前用不定冠词。&——Doyouplaypianoinyourfreetime?——No,Ilikesports.Ioftenplaysgolfwithmyfriends.A./;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the;/\n解析:选Do乐器加the,球类不加theo1.AllthestudentsagreedtogotoQingdaobyseaandcampbysea.A.the;aB./;theC./;/D.a;the解析:选B。bysea译为"乘船”。bythesea译为"在海旁边"。2.Celia,whoisonholidaywithherhusband,wantstostayinaquietplaceanddeliciousfoodandplaytennis.A.a;aB./;/C.the;theD./;the解析:选B。onholiday44度假",固定短语;球类前不加the。

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