初中英语阅读讲义精品资料 23页

初中英语阅读讲义21\n21\n第一部分:阅读理解第一节：题型概说阅读理解是考查学生通过阅读短文获取信息、解决问题的能力，是上海市中考试题的“重中之重”。初中学业考试要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告和广告等，主要考查学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力及对阅读策略的掌握情况。即：主要考查以下几种阅读的微技能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（主旨大意题）（2）理解所读材料的具体信息；（细节理解题）（3）根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词或词组的含义；（猜测词义题）（4）做出简单的判断和推理；（推理判断题）（5）理解文段中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（推理判断题）（6）理解作者的意图和态度。（推理判断题第二节：策略指导一、主旨大意题。主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章的整体把握及理解程度，一般要求学生通读全文后再作答。1.提问方式：(1)Thepassageismainlyabout________.(2)Thewriterwantstotellus__________.(3)Themainideaofthepassageis________.(4)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(5)Whatdowelearnfromthetext?……2.解题技巧：（1）先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。（2）再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。寻找文章主旨大意的方法有如下几种：找主题句：A.首尾段，首尾句。B.首段出现疑问句或设问句时，对该问题的解答就是主旨大意。C.段落中出现转折句时，该句很可能是主题句。找反复出现的单词找重复出现同一意思的词，即作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨。这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。3.例题分析1．主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题句呈现的方式：例题(1)开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。21\nInmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocial(社交的)progressandprosperity(幸运;顺利).Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad，thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationship(关系,联系)betweenpeople.题目：Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout？A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.例题(2)藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.What’smore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.题目：What’sthemainideaofthepassage？A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.B.Surfthenet.C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.例题(3)首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalis…TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.题目：Thepassageismainlyabout.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada例题(4)抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnatural（不自然的,反常的）environments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful（尊重他人的）？Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(栖息地).…Zoosclaim(声称)toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies(物种),butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty….…Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.21\n题目：Whatdoestheauthortrytoargue(表明)inthepassage？A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.例题(5)藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtrade(贸易),商业incitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.题目：Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpracticedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina2．选择最好的标题——选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。例题(6)Hewishestheholidayseasonwouldendalready.Hisbackaches,hisredsuitfeelslikeaspacesuit,hischeeks（脸颊）havegonetightfromsmilingfor12hours…Thequestionsfromchildrenthesedaysareharderthanever.Now,withthousandsofchildrenexpectingafatherormotherservinginIraqorAfghanistan,thequestionsareasheart-breakingastheyareunanswerable.Forexample,“CanyoupleasebringDaddyhomefromthewarintimeforChristmasmorning？”Santasalsohaveaprettygoodchanceofgettingsued(指控)…题目：Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A．Christmas:NotaGoodFestivalforSantasB．IsSantaClausReallyAlive？C．AChristmasStoryD．WhatDoesSantaClausDoforChildren？4.主旨大意题专项练习（1）ItwasaSundayandtheheavystormhadlastedallnight.Themorningafterthestorm,though,wasbeautiful:blueskies,warmairandacalm,invitingsea.Myfatherrealizeditwasagooddayforfishingandinvitedmysisterandmetogowithhim.Iwasonly14andfishinghadneverbeenmything,butIdecidedtogoallthesame.I’msogladIdid.Beingontheboat,wefoundtherewassomethingmetersaway.Whenmovingnearer,wesawitwasamotherwhalewithherbaby.Wecouldn’tbelieveit—therearen’tanywhalesalongthecoast.Thestormmusthavedriventhemthere,wheretheseawaterwassodirtythatnothingcouldliveinit.21\nThelittlebabywhale—actuallyasbigasourboat—wasstuckandcouldnotmove.Themotherwentdownintothewaterandcameupsuddenly,makingbigwaves.“She’stryingtohelpherbaby,butonthewrongside,”myfathersaid.Atthispoint,myfathermovedourboattotheothersideand,headingtheboattowardsthebabywhale,pusheditgently.Withourseveralgentlepushesthebabywhaleturnedoveranddisappearedunderwater.Thenitswamuprightbesideitsmum.Theymadegreateffortstoswimtowardsthedeepseabutfailedandstartedheadinginthewrongdirection.Wehurrieduptothewhalesandtriedtoleadthemtothesea.Slowly,theyletusleadthem,sometimesrisingfromthewaterrightbesideustobreathe—andtogiveusatrustinglookwiththosehugeeyes.Oncetheyhittheirfirstpartofcleanwaterfromthesea,themumgaveusawavewithhertailandofftheyswamintothedeepsea.Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderfulanimalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday.Today,Istilllookbacktothatgoldendayatsea.57.Bytellingthestory,thewriterwantstotellusthat.A.savinglivesmakespeoplehappyB.it’sagoodexperiencetogofishingC.weshouldlivewithanimalshappilyD.keepingseawatercleanisimportant（2）Doyouwanttowatchahotmoviewhilechattingwithyourfriendonthephone,orshopwithyourmobilephonewhile,onatrain?Theongoingtechnologydevelopmenthasmadethesethingscometoourdailylife.ItissaidthatChinahashadtherighttousethethirdgenerationtelecommunicationtechnology(3G)since2009.Theso-called3Gtechnologyallowsmobilephoneusersenjoyhigh-speedInternet-basedservices.Ithelpsincreasemobilityinmanyareasofourlives.Nowadays,manymobilephonesallowyoutosende-mailsorreadthelateststoriesontheInternet,butthespeedisnotpleasing,whichisonly10kilobytes(KB)persecond.But3GgoesontheInteractwithaspeedofupto2megabytes(MB)persecond.Ifrecentmobiletechnologyislikeridingbikesonacountrymad,then3Gwillmakeyouflyontheinformationhighway.Forexample,amobilephonewith3Gtechnologycanhelpdownloadathree-minuteMP3songwithintwominuteswhileitwilltakeyouuptoanhourtodothiswithyourcommonmobilephone.IntheUKandmanyotherEuropeancountrieswhere3Gserviceshavearoundsince2003,3Ghasalreadybecomeapartofmodembusinesslife.Nowadays,officeworkersareabletospendsomeoftheirworkinghoursathome.Thenewtechnologyallowsthefirstaidservicestoprovideavideolinkwithahospitalordoctorforpatientswhoneedspecialcare.61.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Youhavetobuyanewmobilephoneifyouwanttoenjoy3G.B.3Gmobiletechnologymakesourlifericherandmoreconvenient.C.Inthefuture,youcanenjoyhigh-qualitymusicusingyourphone.D.3Gmoviesonmobilephonesarecomingtousinthenearbyfuture.(3)Oncetherewasapianoplayerinabar(酒吧).Peoplecamejusttohearhimplay.Butonenight,aladyaskedhimtosingasong.“Idon’tsing,”saidtheman.Buttheladytoldthewaiter,“I’mtiredoflisteningtothepiano.Iwanttheplayertosing!”Thewaitershoutedacrosstheroom,“Hey,friend!Ifyouwanttogetpaid,singasong!”21\nSohedid.Hehadneversunginpublicbefore.Nowhewassingingfortheveryfirsttime!NobodyhadeverheardthesongMonaLisasungsobeautifully!Hehadtalent(天赋)hewassittingon!Hemayhavelivedtherestofhislifeasano-namepianoplayerinano-namebar.Butoncehefound,byaccident,thathecouldsingwell,hewentonworkinghardandbecameoneofthebest-knownsingersintheUS.HisnamewasNatKingCole.You,too,haveskillsandabilities.Youmaynotfeelthatyourtalentisgreat,butitmaybebetterthanyouthink.Withhardwork,mostskillscanbeimproved.Besides,youmayhavenosuccessatallifyoujustsitonyourtalent.60.Whichcouldbethebesttitle(标题)forthepassage?A.SingintheBarB.AchieveSuccessinLifeC.NeverLoseHeartD.FindYourHiddenTalent二、细节理解题。细节理解题又叫事实细节题，是中考阅读题中最常考的题型之一，考查学生理解所读材料的具体信息。1、细节理解题选项特点◆正确选项特点：一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。◆干扰选项的特点：1.句子内容部分正确，部分错误；（以偏概全）2.是原文信息，但不是与题目相符的内容；（张冠李戴）3.符合常识，但不是文章内容；（无中生有）4.与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动，如某些表示程度、频率的词。（扩大内容）2、例题分析例题（1）AsurveyhasbeenpublishedwhichshowsthatBritishpeopledon’tliketheirneighborsverymuch.80%ofthepeoplewhotookpartinthesurveyfeelthattheirneighborshardlypayattentiontoother’sfeelings.25%don’ttalktothepeoplewholivenextdoorand10%don’tevenknowtheirnames.Infact,onemillionpeopleinBritainwouldliketomovebecausetheydon’tgetalongwellwiththeirneighbors.文章后面有这样一道题：Howmanypercentofpeoplenevertalktotheirneighbors?　　A.80%    B.25%    C.10%   D.90%解析：根据该段中的句子“25%don’ttalktothepeoplewholivenextdoor”可以知道正确答案为B。“thepeoplewholivenextdoor”指的就是neighbors，题目正是用了不同的词语或单词来代替文章中的原句。例题（2）Thebiggestchallengenowistofindwaystobringthesatellitesbacktotheearthafterayearortwo.Otherwise,majorhighwaysofspacejunkcouldgraduallyincreaseasCubeSatsbecomemorecommon.60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.CubeSatscouldpossiblecausepollutioninspace.B.Afewkidswillsendapplicationsfortheproject.C.ScientistsdesignedCubeSatsforthekidtoplaywith21\nD.Studentscan’tdesignsatelliteswithoutcollegeeducation.解析：此题考查的是细节事实题，这道题是单词的同义转换，问题当中用的是“junk”垃圾这个单词，答案中用的是“pollution”污染这个词，虽然形式不一样，但是却表达的是一个意思。例题（3）Whenyoucoughorsneeze,you’dbetterturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmonthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Andthen,youshouldsay,“Excuseme”.51.Whenyoucoughorsneeze,youshould_______A.toucheverythingB.coveryourmouthC.pointouttothekidsD.passthegermstoothers解析：此题较简单我们可以直接从原文中找出答案，答案只是对原文进行了同义转述。例题（4）Shanghai---Todaytheremorethan350,000peoplevisitingtheExpo(世博)。TheFrenchpavilionisstillthehottest.Over3,000peoplewaitinginlineinfrontofit.Theorganizerssuggestvisitorsgotootherpavilionsfirst.Infact,pavilionsofcountriessuchasRussia,Canada,JapanandAmericaareallverygood.Xi’an---Todaymorethan2,000peoplehavewrittentheirnamesonapaper.Theypromisetouselessenergyandlivealow-carbon(低碳)life.Let’sfollowthem.Cutoffthepowerofyourcomputerwhenyoudon’tuseit.Turnoffthelightswhengoingout.Usebusesmore.Shareyourcarswithothers.Eatlessmeat.Let’sdoourbesttostoptheearthfromwarming.Ankang---Ataxidriverfoundabaginhiscarthismorning.Therewas10,000yuaninit.Thekind-hearteddrivergavethebagtothepolice.Thepolicehavenowfoundtheowner,abusinessmanfromBaoji.Toshowhisthanks,theownerwantedtogivehim500yuan,butthedriverdidn’ttakeit.Hesaysitissomethingthatanytaxidriverwilldo．Xining---AspecialtrainisnowleavingXiningforShanghai.Itcarriesthelast300Tibetanchildren.Theplatformiscrowdedwithpeople.Mostofthemareparents.ThesechildrenwillstudyinsomefamousschoolsinShanghaiuntiltheyfinishhighschool.Thoseschoolswillpayalltheirexpenses(费用)。Thechildrenwillalsoget100yuanaspocketmoneyeachmonth.ManyparentsaskustogivetheirthankstotheParty.5.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothenews?ATheAmericanpavilionisthemostpopularB.ThereadersareaskednottosharetheircarswithothersC.ThegovernmenttakesgoodcareoftheTibetanchildrenD.Thetaxidrivertookthe500yuan3、细节理解题专项练习A21\nIheardthebeeslongbeforeIsawthem.Itwasaveryhotafternoon,andwedecidedtocooloffintherivernearmyhome.Asweclimbeddownasmallrockyhilltowardthewater,myboyfriendJohnsuddenlystartedtoshoutthenjumpedintothewaterbelow.PeterandMaryquicklyfollowedbutIwastoofarawaytojump.Iwastrapped.Iheardalowhum(嗡嗡声)，whichwasgrowinglouder.Fromadistance,thegroupofbeeslookedalmostlikeacloudofsmoke.Asitgotcloser,Irealizeditwasactuallythousandsofbeesflyingtowardsme.AllIcoulddowascovermyfacewithhands.Crazily,IthoughtthatifIsatverystill,thebeeswouldthinkIwasjustanotherrock.Afterafewminutes,Iknewmyplanhadn’tworked.Thebeeswereattackingme.Icouldhearmyfriendsshoutingatmetogetdowntothepoolfast.Butitwasn’tsoeasy.IwasingreatpainandtheonlywayIcouldgetawaywastousemyhandstoclimbdowntherocks.However,Iwasafraidtodothatatfirstbecausemyfacewouldbeunprotected.Thenoisethebeesmadewassoloudandfrightening,butIhadnochoice.Irusheddowntherocksandjumpedintothepool,butIdon’trememberdoingit.Iwasjustsohappytobefreefromthepain.Iwassafe,andthewaterfeltwonderful.Butwestillweren’toutofdanger.Everytimewetriedtoclimboutofthepool,thebeesflewbackoverourheads.Wespentthenextthreehoursinthewater,puttingourheadsunderthewaterfromtimetotimetoavoidthebeesuntiltheyfinallylostinterest.46.Howmanypeoplewentswimmingthatday?A.Two.B.ThreeC.FourD.Five47.Theunderlinedword“it”(inParagraph3)refersto.A.arockB.thegroupofbeesC.ahillD.theriver48.Atfirstwhydidn’tthewriterwanttoclimbdowntherocks?A.Shewasafraidshewouldfall.B.Shewastoofarawayfrompool.C.Shethoughtthebeeswouldfollowher.D.Shedidn’twantherfacetobeunprotected.49.Howdidthewriterescapethebees?A.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.B.Shehidbehindtherocks.C.Shejumpedintoawaterpool.D.Shepretendedtobearock.BWanttostayawayfromcolds?Putonahappyface.Comparedtounhappypeople,thosewhoarecheerfulandrelaxedarelesslikelytosufferfromcolds,accordingtoanewstudy.It’spossiblethatbeinghappyhelpsthebodyfightillnesses,saytheresearchersfromNewYorkUniversity.“Itseemsthatpositivefeelingsmayreducethedangerofillness,”saidthestudy’schiefresearcherSheldonCohen.Inanearlierstudy,Cohenfoundthatpeoplewhowerecheerfulandlivelycaughtcoughsandcoldslessoften.Peoplewhoshowedfeelingswerealsolesslikelytotelltheirdoctorsthattheyfeltill.Inthisstudy,Cohen’sinterviewed193adultseverydayfortwoweeks.Duringtheinterviews,thepeopletoldresearchersaboutweregivencoldsbydoctorsandhadtostayaloneinaroomforsixdays.Theresultsshowedthateveryoneinthestudywasequallylikelytogetill.Buyforpeoplewhosaidtheyfelthappyduringtheresearchperiod,theirillnessarelessseriousandlastedforashortertime.Cohenbelievesthatwhenpeopleexperiencepositivefeelings,theirbodymayproduceachemical21\nthathelpsfightillnessanddisease.Soifyouareworriedabutyourhealth,lookonthebrightsidemoreoften.52.Whatdidthestudyfind?A.Peoplewhofelthappynevergotill.B.People’sfeelingsdidn’tinfluencetheirhealth.C.Peoplewithgoodfeelingsbecameillmoreeasily.D.Peoplewithpositivefeelingshadlessseriousillnesses..53.AccordingtoCohen,whichofthefollowingmayhelpfightillness?A.Eating.B.Crying.C.Laughing.D.Sleeping.C1990wasasignificantyearinworldevents.InFebruary,NelsonMandelawassetfreeafter27yearsinprison.InOctober,EastandWestGermanybecameonecountryagain.Thenattheendof1990,theWorldWideWebwasborn.Forthisfinaleventwehaveonemantothank,TimBerners-Lee,thefatheroftheWeb.Berners-LeewasbornonJune8,1955inLondon,England.Hisparents,bothcomputerdesigners,encouragedhimtothinkandworkcreativelyashegrewup.Hewasanexcellentstudentandnaturallytookaninterestincomputersandscience.AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversity,TimwenttoworkatascienceresearchcentreinSwitzerland.TherebedevelopedsomeofthedifferentsystemsthatwouldlaterbecometheWeb.ThefirstwasHTML,thecomputerlanguageusedtomakewebpages.Thesecondwasanaddresssystemthatletcomputersanywherefindeachotherandsendandreceiveinformation.In1990,whilestillatthesciencecentreinSwitzerland,heputthemtogethertomakethefirstInternetbrowser(浏览器).Itcouldrunonanycomputerandallowedpeopletocreateandsharetheirinformationwiththerestoftheworld.TimknewthatthemorepeopleusedtheWeb,themoreusefulitwouldbe.Hewasn’tinterestedinmoneybutknowledge,sohegaveouthisinventionforfreetoanyonewhowasinterested.ManywereinterestedandthegrowthoftheInternetbegan.TodayTimworksasaprofessorattheMIT(麻省理工学院)inAmerica,researchingnewandinterestingwaystousetheWeb.Hehasreceivedmanyawardsfromgovernmentsandorganizationsforhisefforts.Heisstillnotveryinterestedinmoney.Thatiswhyheissoadmiredbyhisstudentsandworkmates.Itmayalsobeoneofthereasonsthatfewpeopleoutsidetheworldoftechnologyknowhisname.56.Theunderlinedword“significant”(inParagraph1)mostprobablymeans“”.A.strangeB.terribleC.importantD.difficult58.WhatcanwelearnaboutBerners-Leefromthepassage?A.Hewasencouragedtobecreative.B.Hedidn’tdowellatschool.C.Heisaverypoorbusinessman.D.Heiswell-knownallovertheworld.59.WheredoesBerners-Leelivetoday?A.England.B.Switzerland.C.America.D.Canada.三.推理判断题。推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类题。解决这类题时不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,还必须要读懂字里行间隐藏的深层意思,通过作者的所给的提示结合文章进行归纳、综合分析，做出合理的推理判断。此外,所做出的推理必须忠于原文,不能随意主观推断.1、提问方式：21\n（1）Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?（2）Thepassagewouldmostlylikelybefoundin…（3）Whydoesthewriterusetheunderlinesentence“…”（4）Whatwillmostprobablyhappenattheendofthestory?（5）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?……2、干扰项特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理；（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置等；（3）根据考生已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章内容，一切应以文章为准；（4）推理过头，引申过度，相关表达绝对化。3、例题分析:例题（1）Inthisstudy,Cohen'steaminterviewed193adultseverydayfortwoweeks.Duringtheinterviews,thepeopletoldresearchersaboutthehappyorsadfeelingstheyhadthatday.Afterthetwoweeks,thepeopleweregivencoldsbydoctorsandhadtostayaloneinaroomforsixdays.Theresultsshowedthateveryoneinthestudywasequallylikelytogetill.Butforpeoplewhosaidtheyfeelhappyduringtheresearchperoid,theieillnesswerelessseriousandlastedofashortertime.（出自2010年广州市中考阅读理解B篇）51、WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapartofthestudy?A.Peopletalkedabouttheirfeelingeveryday.B.Peoplewerekeptaloneforsixdays.C.Peopleweregivencoldsbydoctors.D.Peopleweremadetofeelhappy.解析：题目是问哪个内容不是研究中的项目。根据原文中的“...thepeopletoldresearchersaboutthehappyorsadfeelingstheyhadthatday.”和“thepeopleweregivencoldsbydoctorsandhadtostayaloneinaroomforsixdays.”得出选项ABC都是符合原文意思的，而选项D与原文无关，因此该题答案应为D。例题（2）（2011•河南省中考A）Whenmyson,Mark,wasinthethirdgrade,hesavedallhispocketmoneyforoverthreemonthstobuyholidaypresents.ThethirdSaturdayinDecemberMarksaidhehadmadehislistandhadtwentydollarsinhispocket.Idrovehimtoanearbysupermarket.MarkpickedupahandbasketandwentinwhileIwaitedandwatchedinthecar.IttookMarkover45minutestochoosehispresents.Finallyhecametothecheckoutcounter(交款处)andreachedintohispocketforhismoney.Itwasnotthere!Therewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.Markstoodthereholdinghisbasket,tearsfallingdownhisface.Thenasurprisingthinghappened.AwomancameuptoMarkandtookhiminherarms."Youwouldhelpmealotifyouletmepayforyou,"saidthewoman."Itwouldbethemostwonderfulgiftyoucouldgiveme.Ionlyaskthatonedayyouwillpassiton.Whenyougrowup,Iwouldlikeyoutofindsomeoneyoucanhelp.Whenyouhelpothers,1knowyouwillfeelasgoodaboutitasIdonow."Marktookthemoney,driedhistearsandranbacktothecheckoutcounterasfastashecould.ThatyearweallenjoyedourgiftsalmostasmuchasMarkenjoyedgivingthemtous.21\nIwouldliketosay'"thankyou"tothatverykindwoman,andtellherthatfouryearslater,Markwenthousetohousecollectingblankets(毯子)andclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthefire.AndIwanttopromiseherthatMarkwillneverforgettokeeppassingiton.48.WhathappenedtoMarkinthesupermarket?A.Hisgiftswerestolen.B.Hebrokehisbasket.C.Helosthismoney.D.Helosthisway.49.Whydidthewriterwanttosay'’thankyou"tothewoman?A.BecausesheboughtMarkanicepresent.B.Becauseshealwayspaidmoneyforothers.C.Becauseshecollectedclothesforthehomeless.D.BecauseshetaughtMarktohelppeopleinneed.解析：48.答案：C。根据文章中“reachedintohispocketforhismoney.Itwasnotthere!Therewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.”可知Mark把钱给丢了。49.答案：D。从文章中的最后一段可知，Mark在接受了那位妇女的帮助之后，努力地帮助那些需要帮帮助的人。4、推理判断题专项练习（A）Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegongtohurther?Hedidn’tlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon’tyouwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,“Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme.”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmallcaféwhereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant(怀孕).Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredshewasverykind.Astheladywasgoingtopaythe$10billsherememberedBryan’swords.Shepaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Butwhenthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone.Onthetableshesawasmallnote.Therewaretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit:“SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayI’mhelpingyou.Ifyouwanttopaymeback,continuebeingkindtoothers.”Underthenotewereninemore$100bills.Wastheoldladyanangel?Thewaitresswassoexcitedthatshecalledherhusbandtotellhimthenews.“BryanAndersonmydear…you’renotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened…”47.Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldladyfromthestory?A.Shewasneverkindtoothers.B.Shewasusuallyquitecareless.C.Shewasprobablyveryrich.D.Shewasnotaverygooddriver.50.Whichofthefollowingshowstherelationshipbetweentheman,theladyandthewaitress?21\n（B）Frankensteinisoneoftheworld’smostfamoushorrorstories.It’saboutadoctorwhocreatesanewmanfromthebodypartsofdeadpeopleandbringsittolife.Buttheexperimentgoeswrongandthemonster(怪兽)killsthedoctorandmanyothers.Thestoryhasbeenreadbymillionssinceitwasfirstpublishedandinthelasthundredyearsithasbeenmadeintodozensofmovies.Manypeoplearesurprisedtolearnitswriterwasa19-year-oldwoman,calledMaryShelley.MarywasbornintoarichLondonfamilyinAugust1797.Shewaseducatedbyherparentsandwhenshewas13decidedtobecomeawriter.In1812,shemetthefamouswriterPercyShelleyandtheysoongotmarried.SadlyforMary,theirfirstchilddiedsoonafterbirthinItaly.Inherdiary,Marywroteaboutadream:“Idreamtthatmylittlebabycametolifeagain—thatithadonlybeencoldandthatwerubbeditbeforethefireanditlived.”In1816,PercyShelleyand19-year-odlMayvisitedthepoetLordByronathishomeinSwitzerland.Becauseofthebadweathertheystayedindoorsreadinghorrorstories.Onenight,Byronaskedeveryonetowritetheirownstory.MarythoughtofherdreamandwrotethestoryFrankenstein.FrankensteinwaspublishedwhenMarywas21,andbecameahugesuccess.Manypeopledidn’tthinka19-year-oldwomancouldwritesowellandbelievedherhusbandwastherealwriter.Althoughfamous,Shelley’slifewasfullofsadness.Onlyoneofherfourchildrenlivedandin1822herhusbanddiedinaswimmingaccident.Marywasbroken-heartedanddecidednottomarryagain.Shedevotedherselftoherchildandcontinuedtowriteuntilherdeathin1851.53.Inwhichordertothefollowingtakeplace?a.Badweathermadeeveryonestayindoorsreadinghorrorstories.b.ThestoryFrankensteinwasfirstpublished.c.Marywroteaboutadreaminherdiary.d.MarymetthefamouswriterPercyShelley.e.MoviesbasedonthestoryofFrankensteinweremade.A.a,c,b,e,dB.d,c,a,b,eC.c,a,b,d,eD.b,a,d,c,e（C）IamaprofessorofsportsandexercisesoIoftendealwithnervousnessinmyresearchwithsportspeople.Actually,mostpeopleexperiencenervousnessatsometimeoranother.Ifyouarefeelinganxious,myadviceistofirstfindthecauseorcauses.Makeslistofthosethingsthataremakingyounervousandworkoutwhichonesyoucandosomethingabout.Focusallofyoureffortsonmanagingthecausesthatyoucancontrol.21\nMostpeoplecannottellthedifferencebetweencontrollable(可控制的)anduncontrollablecauses,sothingstheycan’scontrolbecomeabigreasonfornervousness.Dealingwiththisisveryimportantifpeoplewanttokeepahealthymind.Simplytrytoaccepttheuncontrollablecausesofnervousness.Youmightbeworriedabouttheweatheronabigday,anaccidentoranattackonthetrain,orperhapsjustthingsthatotherpeoplearedoingatwork.Theresultsmaybeveryimportantbutthereisstillnouseworryingbecauseyoucan’tcontrolanyofthesethings.Acceptthatyoucan’tcontroleverything.Onceyouunderstandthis,itbecomeseasiernottoworry.Ifasituation,suchasswimming,iscausingyoutobeanxious,trytofaceitasoftenaspossiblesothatyoucangetusedtoit.Itcanoftenhelptothinkaboutyourselfdoingthethingthatmakesyounervous—thencloseyoureyesandimagineitgoingwell.Imaginehowtheflightorjobinterviewisgoingtohappensothatyoucangetusedtoit.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthatthethingyoufearmostisprobablynotgoingtohappen.59.Whatistrueaboutnervousnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Itusuallyhasonlyonecause.B.Itisusuallycausedbypeople.C.Peoplecaneasilymanageit.D.Mostpeoplesufferfromit.Tips：对于不能够从原文中直接找到答案推断题，要注意1、以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当作不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。四.猜测词义题猜测词义题是要求学生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或者短语的准确含义。其出题形式为：超纲词义含义推断；熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思。1、猜测词义题的主要提问方式是：（1）Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans______.（2）Theunderlinedexpression“…”isclosestinthemeaningto“________”.（3）Theunderlinedword“it”（Paragraph6）refersto“______”.21\n2、例题分析例题（一）根据定义或解释猜测词义Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短语).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag”.Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe______.A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacatC.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag解析：在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthesameas“totellasecret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。例题（二）根据情景和逻辑进行判断Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“______”.A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly解析：根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。例题（三）根据并列或同位关系猜测词义Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽解析：从语法上看，steam和hotwater是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。例题（四）根据背景和常识判断ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird.ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho______.A.studiesbirdsB.lovescreaturesC.majorsinhabitsD.takescareoftrees解析：Ornithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。例题（五）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理ButonethingwasimportanttoSparky—drawing,Hewasproudofhisartwork.Inseniorhighschool,hesentsomecartoonstotheeditorsoftheyearbookbuthewasturneddown.Sparkywashurt.Buthedidn'tlosehopebecausehebelievedinhisability.Hedecidedtobecomeaprofessionalartist.（出自2011年白云区一模B篇）21\nTheunderlinedwords“turneddown”（inparagraph4）mostprobablymean“__________”A.hiredB.chosenC.refusedD.Accepted解析：根据文章所提供上文内容“hesentsomecartoonstotheeditorsoftheyearbook”，以及下文内容“Sparkywashurt.Buthedidn'tlosehopebecausehebelievedinhisability”，从中判断turndown的含义是“拒绝”。答案应该是C。（6）运用构词法进行猜测如：ThecolorsofHawaiiinsummerareunforgettable.forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是“令人难忘”之意。前缀或后缀-ful（形容词后缀）,-less（无，没有，构成形容词）,-ly（副词后缀）,un-（不，非,未）,dis-（相反，否定）re-(重新)appeardisappear,agreedisagree,tieuntie,happyunhappy,careful,careless,hopehopeless,comfortableuncomfortable第三节、实战演练一、2012年广州市中考英语阅读试题(A)PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighbouringfarms．For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblem．However，oneautumn，thingschanged．Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifference．Thedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers．OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul’sdoor．Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox．“I’mlookingforafewdays’work，”thebuildersaid．“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder．“Idohaveajobforyou．Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromthefiverandmadethecreek．ButI'11gohimonebetter．Seethatpileofwood?1wantyoutobuildmeafence，twometrestall，so1won’tneedtoseehimanymore．”Thebuildersaidthoughtfully．“IthinkIunderstandthesituationandI'llbeabletodoajobthatpleasesyou．”Paulhadbusinessintownthatdayandleftthebuildertohiswork．Whenhereturned，thebuilderhadjustfinishedhisjob．Paulwasshocked．Insteadofafencetherewasabridge，stretchingfromonesideofthecreektotheother．AsPaulstoodonthebridge，staringinamazement，hisyoungerbrotherJason，cameacross，andtookPaul’shand．“Youareagoodmantohavebuiltthisbridgeaftera11I'vedone，”saidJason．Then，Paul，withtearsinhiseyes，saidtothebuilderwhowaspackinghisbagtogo，“Thankyousomuch。Pleasestay．Ihavemuchmoreforyoutodo．”“I’dloveto．”thebuildersaidquietly，“'but，Ihavemanymorebridgestobuild.”46．Whatwasthecauseofthedisagreementbetweenthetwobrothers?A．Thediggingofthecreek．B．Aproblemaboutafarmanimal．C．Whoownedthefieldbetweenthefarms．D．Whowouldpayforbuildingthefence．47．Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4means·21\nA．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD．helphimout48．Whatdoweknowaboutthebrothers?A．Theyhadbeenfightingformanyyears．B．Theirfarmswerenotverysuccessful．C．Theyfinallyrealizedtheirmistakes．D．Theylikedbuildingbridges．49．Whydidthebuilderbuildthebridge?A．Heneededawaytogetacrosstheriver．B．Therewasnotenoughwoodforthefence．C．HemisunderstoodPaul’sinstructions．D．Hewantedtobringthebrotherstogether．50．Inwhatorderdidthefollowingtakeplaceinthestory?a．Thebrothersstoodonthebridge．b．Jasondugthecreek．C．Thebrothersbecameangrywitheachother,d．Thebuilderaskedforwork．e．Paulwentintotown．A．b，c，e，d，aB．c，b，d，e，aC．b，e，c，a，dD．c，d，b，a，e(B)LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones．Yetmanypeoplecontinuetousethemwhiledrivingeventhoughit’sdangerous．Researchhasshownthatitisdifficulttoconcentrate0ndrivingandtalkingatthesametime．Itcanevenbemoredangerousthandrivingafterdrinkingtoomuch．Arecentstudyfoundthatwhendriversweretalkingontheirmobilephones，theirstoppingtimeswere30percentslowerthanwhentheyhaddrunktoomuch—andnearly50percentslowerthanwhentheyweredrivingnormally．Italsofoundthatdriverstalkingonmobilephoneswerelessabletocontroltheircarsthandrunkdrivers．Andtalkingisn’steventhemostseriousproblem．Textingis．Unbelievably,anotherrecentstudyreportedthat22％ofadultsadmittedtheyhadsentatextmessagewhiledrivingatleastonceinthepastmonth．Anaveragetextmessagetakes90secondstowriteandsend．Thatmeansforoneandahalfminutesadriverislookingattheirphone’sscreenandnotattheroad．ThearrivalofnewsmartphonessuchastheiPhonewillonlymakemattersworseastheywillallowuserstodomorethingsthaneverbefore．Usingamobilephonewhiledrivingputsothers’livesatrisk．Nomatterhowwellwedrive，ifanotherdriverisnotbeingprofessionalorcareful，weareputindangerbytheiractions．Suchdriversareselfish，carelessandshouldhavetheirdrivinglicences(驾照)cancelled．Thereisnodoubtthatmobilephonescallbefunandareextremelyuseful，especiallywhenyou’reintrouble．Butthereisnoneedtousethemwhiledriving．Justwaituntilyoustoporyouwillprobablygetintotroubleofyourown．51．Theunderlinedword“'them”inparagraph1refersto.A．phoneusersB．mobilephonesC．driversD．ears52．Accordingtothepassage，ifadriverneeds10secondstostopwhendrivingnormally,theywillneedsecondstostopwhentalkingonamobilephone．A．12．B．13．C．14.D．15．53．Accordingtothepassage，inwhatorderdothefollowingactivitiesinfluencedriving?Dangerous→Moredangerous→MostdangerousA．drinking→talkingonphone→texting21\nB．texting→talkingonphone→drinkingC．talkingonphone→texting→drinkingD.drinking→texting→talkingonphone54．Whywillnewtypesofmobilephonesmakethedrivingproblemworse?A．Itwilltakelongertosendtextmessages．B．Peoplewillwanttotalkontheirphonesmoreoften．C．Therewillbemorethingsforpeopletodowiththeirphones．D．Peoplethinkthenewphonesareeasierandsafertouse．55．Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldbedonetopeoplewhousemobilephoneswhendriving?A．Theyshouldbeputintoprison．B．Theircarsshouldbetakenaway．C．Theirphonesshouldbetakenfromthem．D．Theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveanylonger．(C)Althoughhediedalmost40yearsago，BruceLeeisstillconsideredthegreatestandmostinfluentialkungfuperformerofthe20thcentury．HisfilmsbroughttraditionalHongKongkungfumoviestoanewlevelofpopularity，andintroducedkungfutomillionsofpeopleintheWest。BonaintheUSAin1940，LeereturnedtohisnativeHongKongbeforehisbirtthday．Asateenager，thehighlyintelligentboywasacceptedintooneofHongKong’smostfamousmiddleschoolsbuthepaidlittleattentiontohisstudies.Hewasmoreinterestedinsport，especiallykungfu，andhangingoutwithhisstreet-gangfriends.In1959，Leegotintotroublewiththepoliceforfighting．Hismother，fearinghewouldendupinprison，senthimtotheUSA。Twoyearslater，hebeganstudyingatuniversitythere．Whilestillastudent，Leeopenedhisownkungfuschool，teachinganewfightingstylehehaddeveloped．WhatmadeLee’sstyledifferentwasthatitusedpower，strengthand，quick—actionattacks．Italsocombined(融合)Japanese，KoreanandSouthAmericanfightingstyleswithtraditionalstow—movingChinesekungfu．AmongLee’sstudentswereseveralfamousactorswho，impressedbyhisgood—looksandfightingskill，encouragedhimtostartacting．OverthenextfireyearsLeeachievedsomeSuccessinAmerica．ButhisdreamofintroducinghisfightingstyleintoAmericanmovieswasnotacceptedbylocalfilmmakerswhothoughtwesternaudienceswerenotinterestedinkungfu．Determinedtoprovethemwrong，LeereturnedtoHongKongin1970．TherehemadetwofilmsFistsofFury(1971)andWayoftheDragon(1972)，usinghiskungfuideasandtechniques.Themovieswerehugehitsworld—wide，makingLeeaninternationalstarandsymbolofkumgfu．Thesewerefollowedbywhatiswidelyconsideredthegreatestkungfumovieofalltime，EntertheDragon(1973)．Tragicallyhowever，LeesuddenlyandmysteriouslydiedwhilemakinghisnextmovieGameofDeath。Hewasonly33yearsold．56.ASateenager,Leewasvery．A.quietB.hard—workingC.braveD.smart57.WhywasLeesenttoAmerica?A．Hisparentswantedhimtostudyatuniversitythere．B．HewantedtodevelopanewAmericanfightingstyle．C．Hisfamily：fearedhewasgettingintotoomuchtroubleinHongKong．D．Hewasdeterminedtobecomeasuccessfulandpoptdaractorthere。58.HowwasLee’sstyleofkungfudifferentfromthetraditionalChinesestyle?A．Itwasmuchfaster．B．ItwaseasiertoIearn。C．Itmadepeoplemorepowerful．D．Itwasmuchmoredangerous，59.WhatwasLee’sdreamaccordingtothepassage?21\nA．Todevelopanewstyleofkungfu。B．Tobecomeafamousmoviestar．C.Tomakemoviesusinghisfightingstyle．D．ToteachAmericanskungfu．60.Accordingtothepassage．howmanykungfumoviesdidLeecompleteinhislifetime?A．Two．B。Thtee．C.Four．D．Five．61．Whoisorganizingtheparty?A．TheEvansCenteronErieRoad．B．TheNewYorkCityFireDepartment．C．TheBoysandGirlsClubofLakeShore．D．TheNewYorkCityHospital．62．Whatisthecheapestwaytogettotheparty?A．Bybus．B．Bytrain．C．Bycar．D．Byboat．63．Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheparty?A．Childrenunder12arenotallowedtoattend．B．Alldrinksforthefirstguestsarefree．21\nC．Ticketscanonlybeboughtonline．D．Therearedifferentactivitiesforguests．64．Howmuchwillafamilyoffour(twoparentsandtheir14-year-oldtwins)Paytoattendthepartyiftheydriveandparkthere?A．90dollars．B．110dollars．C．120dollars．D．140dollars．65．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheposter?A．Toraisemoneyforyoungpeople．B．Totellpeoplehowtogettotheparty．C．Toadvertisethedanceparty．D．Toexplaintherulesoftheparty．C.It’sbacktoschooltimeforkidsinNewJersey,butit’snotbacktobullyingtime.Thereisanewanti-bullyinglawinNewJerseystartingthisschoolyear.NewJersey’slawsaysbullyingisnotallowedforanyreason.Allpublicschoolworkers,fromteacherstoheadmasters,mustbetrainedinhowtopreventbullying.Schoolsmustreportanybullyingatonce,andtheywillbegraded(对…进行评分)onhowwelltheydealwiththeproblem.NewJerseyisoneof47stateswithanti-bullyinglawsforschools.OnlyMichigan,MontanaandSouthDakotadonothavesuchalaw.Therearemanykindsofbullying.Itmayincludelaughingatothers,callingothersnamesandleavingsomeoneout.Itcanalsobephysical.Thebehaviorhappensoverandoveragain,andcantakeplaceanywhere,fromtheplaygroundtotheInternet.It’sreportedthatnearlyhalfofallkidswillexperiencebullyinginschool,andatleast10percentarebulliedregularly.EachyearinOctober,manypeoplebegintopayattentiontobullyingandtrytodosomethingtostopit.Manyschoolsholdanti-bullyingprograms.Willstrongeranti-bullyinglawschangethebehaviorforever?KenTrump,thepresidentoftheNationalSchoolSafetyandSecurityServices,saysno.“Stateanti-bullyinglawsdonotprovidemoremoney,orothersupport,”hesaid.Somepeoplenotethattheyhadstrictanti-bullyingpoliciesinplacealongbeforethelawpassed.“Thelawwillnotchangewhatwedo,becausewealreadytakethismatterveryseriously,”explainsBruceWinkelstein,theheadmasterofBrooksideschoolinNewJersey.Youcandoyourpartbytreatingotherskindlyandspeakingoutagainstbullying.Kidswillmakethebiggestdifferentofall.56.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroducethewaystostopschoolbullying.B.Totalkabouttheinfluenceofschoolbullying.C.Totellpeopletoworktogetheragainstschoolbullying.D.Toexplainthedangerofschoolbullying.57.Howmanystatesdon’thavetheanti-bullyinglawsforschoolaccordingtothepassage?A.47B.50C.10D.358.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsisnotbullying?A.Astudentlaughsatanotheroneonline.B.Astudenthitsanotheronewithoutanyreason.C.Astudentasksothersnottoplaywithonestudent.D.Astudentplaysjokesonanotherstudent.59.Whatdoestheunderlineword“anti-bullying”(paragraph1)mean?21\nA.againstthebullyingB.forthebullyingC.withoutthebullyingD.withthebullying60.Whocanplaythemostimportantroleinanti-bullying?A.Kidsthemselves.B.Lawyers.C.Parents.D.Headmasters.D.HomestayprovidesEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.WhattoexpectThehostwillprovideaccommodation(住宿)andmeals.Roomswillbecleanedandbedcoverschangedatleastonceaweek.Youwillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostintheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourhealth.WheretoliveHomestayarelocatedinLondonmainlyinZones(区域)2,3and4ofthetransportsystem.MosthostsdonotliveinthetowncentreasmuchofcentralLondonisbusinessarea.Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrownedarea.ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.MealsContinentalBreakfastBreakfastandDinnerBreakfast,PackedLunchandDinnerIt’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedbreakfast.YouraccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,breadandteaorcoffee.Cheese,fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormallypartofaContinentalBreakfastinEngland.Dinnersusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydesert,fruitandcoffee.FriendsIfyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit.Youmustfirstaskyourhost’spermission.Youhavenorighttoreceivefriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesdon’tlikeit.AccommodationinPrivateHomesThiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyleandismoresuitableforthelong-staystudent.Youcansharethehost’skitchenandbathroomandoftenamainlivingroom.However,itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopracticeEnglishathomequiteasmuch.61.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor_________.A.hostwillingtoreceiveforeignstudents.B.foreignershopingtobuildBritishCultureC.travelersplanningtovisitfamiliesinLondonD.EnglishlearnersapplyingtoliveinEnglishhomes.62.Whichofthefollowingwillthehostprovide?A.RoomcleaningB.MedicalcareC.FreetransportD.Physicaltraining63.Whatcanbeinferred(推断)fromParagraph3?21\nA.Zone4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.B.ThebusinesscentreofLondonisinZone1.C.Hostsdisliketravellingtothecitycentre.D.Accommodationinthecitycentreisnotprovided.64.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesContinentalBreakfastinclude?A.DessertandcoffeeB.Fruitandvegetables.C.BreadandfruitjuiceD.Cheeseandcoldmeat65.WhydosomepeoplechoosetoliveinPrivateHomes?A.Toexperienceawarmerfamilyatmosphere.B.TolearnmoreaboutEnglishC.ToreceivefriendsastheylikeD.Toenjoymuchmorefreedom.(B)WhenIwasakidinMinnesota,watermelonwasexpensive.Oneofmyfather'sfriends,Bernie,wasarichbusinessman,whoownedalargestoreinSt.Paul.　　Everysummer,whenthefirstwatermelonsarrived,Berniewouldcall.DadandIwouldgotoBernie'splace.We'dsitontheedgeofthedock,feetdangling,andgotreadyforabigmeal.　　Berniewouldtakehisknife,cutourfirstwatermelon,handusbothabigpieceandsitdownnexttous.Thenwe'dburyourfacesinwatermelon,eatingonlytheheart--thereddest,juiciest,firmest,sweetest,mostseed-freepartandthrowawaytherest.　　Berniewasmyfather'sideaofarichman.Ialwaysthoughtitwasbecausehewassuchasuccessfulbusinessman.Yearslater,IrealizedthatitwasnotBernie'swealthitselfbuthiswayofdealingwithitthatmyfatherliked.Bernieknewhowtostopworking,gettogetherwithfriendsandeatonlytheheartofthewatermelon.　　WhatIlearnedfromBernieisthatbeingrichisastateofmind.Someofus,nomatterhowmuchmoneywehave,willneverbefreeenoughtoeatonlytheheartofthewatermelon.Ifyoudon'ttakethetimetodangleyourfeetoverthedockandenjoylife'ssmallpleasure,yourworkisprobablyhurtingyourlife.　　Formanyyears,IforgotthatlessonI'dlearnedasakidontheloadingdock.IwastoobusymakingallthemoneyIcould.　　Well,I'verelearnedit.IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessofothersandtotakepleasureintheday.That'stheheartofthewatermelon.Ihavelearnedagaintothrowtherestaway.51.Welearnedfromthesecondparagraphthatthewriterandhisfatherwerefeeling______.A.relaxedB.worriedC.hungryD.proud52.Howdidthewriterandhisfathereatthewatermelon?A.Theyateitinapoliteway.B.Theyonlyateitsbestpart.C.Theyateeverypartofit.D.Theysharedonlyonepiece.53.Intheeyesofthewriter'sfather,Bernie______.A.wasjustarichbusinessmanB.workedhardallthetimeC.livedarichbuthealthylifeD.knewhowtomakemoney54.Theunderlinedpart"theheartofthewatermelon"inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.thebestpartofthewatermelonB.thewriter'sbusylifeC.thewriter'sdecisionofmakingmoneyD.thewriter'shopeofenjoyinglife55.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.A.onehastoworkhardtoreachhisgoalB.afriendinneedisafriendindeedC.watermelonisthehealthiestfruitD.oneshouldkeepwork-lifebalance(C)21\nSincethebeginningofhistory,manhasbeenfascinatedbytheideaoflivingforever,ofwinningthefightagainstdeathanddisease.Sofar,thishasonlyremainedadream,thoughaverypowerfulone.Manypeoplehavewonderedwhetheritwouldbepossibletofindawaytopreservehumanbodies,andwhatwouldbethebestwaytopreservehumanbodies.Ithaslongbeenknownthatmeatorfruitcanbekeptfreshforlongperiodsbyfreezing;inancientChina,forexample,foodwasstoredwithicetokeepitfresh.Thismethodcouldalsobeusefulforpreservinghumans,andinfactmanypeoplehaveexploredthispossibility.However,mostlivingbeingsthatexistunderwarmconditionsdiewhenfrozen.Thisisbecauseoftheharmfuleffectsoffreezingicecrystals,whicharenotonlylargerthanthevolumeofthewateroriginallyinthecells,butalsoformsharpcuttingshapesthatharmthecells.Inthe1940sDrB.J.LuyetandagroupofscientistsinEnglandwereworkingontheproblemoffreezingcellswithoutdamagingthem.Sincetheharmcausedbyicecrystalswasthemaincauseofthedamage,Luyetsuggestedremovingsomeorallofthewaterfromthecellsbeforefreezingthem.Usinglivingcellsfromchicken,Luyetandhisassistantsdiscoveredthattheycouldpartlydrythechickencells,usingamixtureofthewhitepartofaneggandglycerin,aclearthickliquidmadechieflyfromfatsandoils.Somesuccesswasobtained.Thechickencellsweredried,frozenforaperiodoftime,andthencarefullyunfrozen.Almostallthecellsrecoveredwhentheyreachednormaltemperature.Sincethen,thecoolingofwholeanimalstoatemperatureverymuchbelowfreezingpointforlaterunfreezinghasbecomemoreofapossibility,andtheglycerinmethodwouldprobablybeusedtoaccomplishthis.Whenthiscanbedonecompletelyandsuccessfully,sciencewillhavemovedmuchclosertoitsaimoffreezingandstoringincurablepatientsuntilthedaytheycanbecured.56.Itseemsthattheideaofpreservinghumanbodies.A.isimpracticalB.comesfromthatofstoringmeatandfruitfreshbyfreezingC.isquitefunnyD.doesn’tmakeanysense57.Fromthefactthatmostlivingthingsexistingunderwarmconditionsdiewhenfrozen,thescientistsrealizethat.A.livingthingscannotbefrozenactuallyB.itisimpossibleforthemtofreezehumanbeingsC.thewaterfromthelivingcellsshouldberemovedD.cellscannotrecoverwhentheyarecarefullyunfrozen58.Glycerincanbeused.A.toremovewaterfromlivingcellsB.tounfreezelivingcellsC.tofreezelivingcellsD.tochangetheshapeofcrystals59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheharmfuleffectsoffreezingfoodB.HowtopreservefoodC.HowtoremovewaterfromlivingcellsD.Theexplorationofpreservinghumanbodies60.Whatisthemostprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fascinated”?A.attractedB.freedC.afraidD.sad21