初中英语重点词汇词形转换 3页

初中英语重点词汇词形转换一、数词的变换基数词序数词表次数1.onefirstonce2.twosecondtwice3.threethird4.fivefifth5.eighteighth6.nineninth7.twelvetwelfth8.twentytwentieth二、名词的变化1.以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变为v,再加-es，如knife-knivesthief-thieveswolf-wolveswife-wivesleaf-leaveslife-lives2.不规则名词复数man-menwoman-womenchild-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micegoose-geese3.单复数同形：Chinese,Japanese,deer-deer,sheep-sheep三、形容词比较级和最高级1.不规则原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.多音节规则原级比较级最高级1.beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.boringmoreboringmostboring3.carefulmorecarefulmostcareful4.carelessmorecarelessmostcareless5.crowdedmorecrowdedmostcrowded6.comfortablemorecomfortablemostcomfortable7.difficultmoredifficultmostdifficult8.dangerousmoredangerousmostdangerous9.expensivemoreexpensivemostexpensive10.excitingmoreexcitingmostexciting11.loudlymoreloudlymostloudly12.popularmorepopularmostpopular13.relaxingmorerelaxingmostrelaxing14.slowlymoreslowlymostslowly3.双写规则原级比较级最高级1.bigbiggerbiggest2.hothotterhottest3.thinthinnerthinest四、词形转换1.国家变为形容词或国人的转换Australia-AustralianAfrica-AfricanAmerica-AmericanAsia-AsianCanada-CanadianChina-ChineseEngland-English/EnglishmanEurope-EuropeanFrance-French/FrenchmanIndia-IndianItaly-ItalianJapan-JaneseMexico-MexicanRussia-Russian(复数变化规则：中日不变，英法变，其余加s)2.动词转换成其他词性act-actor-actress-actionagree–agreementnbuild-building-buildings(复数)begin–beginningbreak-broken(过去分词为形容词)believe-believablebehave-behaviourcook–cooker-cook（名词）care-careful-carefully-carelesscross-across(介词)-crossing(名词)close-open-closed(形容词)关着的,close(副词)靠近地clearv.指烟雾消散adj.--(副词)clearlycolourn.v.给上色(形容词)colourfulcelebrate-celebrationcrowdn.人群v.聚集adj.crowdedcorrectv.改正adj.—correctlyadv.cheer---cheerfulcreate---creator--creativecollect—collection--collectting\navoid--avoidableattract--attractionadvertise--advertisementdecorate--decorationdie--dying-(形容词)dead-(名词)deathdecide--decisionadvise--advicedescribe—descriptiondevelop--developmentdiscus--discussionenter--entrance-(反义词)exitenjoy--enjoyable--enjoymentencourage—encouragementend-endingflyv.n.苍蝇-flightfeel--feelinggreet--greetinghope--hopeful--hopelessinvite--invitationimprove--improvementintroduce--introductioninterview--interviewerinvent--invention--inventorinstruct--instructionlisten-listenerlose--lostmove—movement--moving活动的,令人感动的marry--marriedadj.mean—meaningmemorize--memoryoperate--operationorganize--organizationprint--printerprotect--protectionpollute--pollutionrain–rainning-rainyrevise--revisionrecordv.n.--recorderreport--reporterreview--reviewerswim--swimmingsleep-sleepy-asleepsucceed--success(名词)successful--successfullyspell--spellingsnow--snowyspeak--speech--speakersuggest–suggestiontaste-tasteful(高雅的)tastety（美味的）translate--translation/translatortrain--training--trainertreat--treatmentthink--thinker/thoughttransport--transportationworry--worriedwake--awakewed--weddingwrite--writerwarn--warning--warnerwondern.奇观v.想知道wonderful--wonderfully.use--useful-(动词)reuse--reusable(1)动词→名词表示人-er:beginner,builder,buyer,cleaner,dancer,driver,farmer,keeper,killer,listening,owner,player,printer,runner,swimmer,speaker,seller,teacher,traveller,winner,worker,writer-or:actor,creator,inventor,operator,sailor,visitor(2)动词过去分词为形容词：break--broken,close-closed,lose-lost,marry-married,worry-worried(3)动词现在分词和过去分词为形容词：excite--exciting--excitedinterest--interesting--intestedsurprise--surprising—surpriedtire--tiring—tiredbore--boring—boredrelax--relaxing—relaxedmove–moving—moved3.名词转换成形容词beauty-beautifulcolour--colourfuldifference--differentdanger--dangerousenergy-energetic\nfriend--friendly—unfriendly--friendshipfun—funnyhealth--healthy-unhealthy--healthilyimportance--importantluck--lucky–luckily--unluckyhistory-historic/historicaltradition--traditional--traditionallyperson--personal--(名词)personality个性nation—national—internationalnature–naturalphysics--physicalweek–weeklygold--goldenwood--woodenmonth--monthlysalt–salty有关天气的词：cloud--cloudy,rain–rainy,sun—sunny,snow–snowy,wind—windy,storm--stormy有关方位的词:east—eastern,west–western,south–southern,north—northern名词转换成名词art-artist,music-musician,science-scientist,tour-tourist,piano-pianist,library--librarian4、形容词转换成名词happy--happiness-(副词)happily-(反义词)unhappyforeign--foreignerbusy—business,free—freedom,ill–illness,safe--safety-(副词)safelysad–sadness—sadlystrange–strangertrue--truth(副词)trulykind–kindness5.否定前缀dis-:dislike,disagree,dishonest,disappear,disadvantageim-:impossible,impolite,impersonal,imperfectin-:informal,incorrectun-:unusual,unhappy,unfriend,uncomfortable,unhealthy,unlucky,unlikely,uncertainir-:irregular否定后缀：-lessuseless,careless,helpless,hopeless,homeless,countless