初中英语五种时态讲解 4页

4初中英语五种时态讲解一、一般现在时。概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况1、基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。例：肯定句：主语+V原+其他。Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.主语（三单）+V三单Sheplaystennisonceaweek.疑问句：Do+主语+V原……？Does+主语（三单）+V原……？否定句：主语+don’t+V原.主语（三单）+doesn’t+V原.2、用法：1、表示经常或习惯性发生的动作。Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.2、表示客观真理、事实。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3、在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。(if,assoonas,until,when)Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.WhenIgrowup,I’llgotoParis.3、时间状语：Always,often,sometimes,usually,onSunday,onMondayafternoon,everyday/month/year/week,inthemorning,onceayear,twiceaday,threetimesaday等例题：1.He______(be,am,is,are)ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.2.He______(have,has)classesintheafternoon.3.He______(get,gets)upathalfpastsixeverymorning.4.Healways_____(come,comes)toschoolontime.5.He______(study,studies)veryhardathislesson.6.Oneandtwo_____(be,is,are)three.7.Blueandyellow_____(make,makes)green.8.Theearth_____(move,moves)roundthesun.9.IwillgothereifI____(be,willbe,am,is,are)freetomorrow.10.IwillgotherewhenI_____(have,willhave,has)timetomorrow.11.Hewon’tcometothepartyunlesshe_____(be,willbe,am,is,are)invited.12.I’llwaithereuntilmymother____(come,comes,willcome)back.13.Pleasereturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasyou______(finish,finishes,willfinish)readingit.14.Onceyou_____(see,sees,willsee)him,youwillneverforgethim.4\n⑵一般过去时。1、⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotuplatethismorning.⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。WhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftenswamintheriver.Iusedtogofishing.2、结构：基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。例：肯定句：主语+V过去+其他。Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.MyfriendTomwenttothebeachyesterday.疑问句：Did+主语+V原……？Didyougoshoppingwithhim?Didshecookdinnerforherfamily?否定句：主语+didn’t+V原……。Hedidn’tgotoseethemovielastSunday.3、动词的规则变化。4、时间状语：Yesterday,lastnight/week/year/month,lastSunday,in1995,theotherday,justnow,ago等例题：1.He____(be,was,were,been)hereamomentago.2.They____(be,was,were,been)herejustnow.3.Thescientists_____(leave,leaves,leaved,left)forAmericayesterday.4.Lastweekwe______(visit,visited)theScienceMuseum.5.WhenIwasachild,Ioften____(play,played)football.6.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroomassoonasthebell____(ring,rang,rung).⑶一般将来时。1、用法。表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成：will+V原或shall＋动词原形（第一人称）表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请①肯定句：TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.否定句：Wewon’tvisithimtomorrow.疑问句：WillyougotoShanghaiintwoweeks?(注：当主语为I或we时，问句中可用shall)whereshallwemeettomorrow?②begoingto+V原表示计划、打算做某事。用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。begoingtodo将要干某事---whatareyougoingtodonextSunday?---Iamgoingtolistentomusic.Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtorain.③现在进行时be+Ving有时可以表示将来。常用这种结构的动词：go,come,leave,stay,start,arriveWe’releavingforLondon.4\n例题：1._____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?A.Will;goingtobeB.Are;goingtobeC.Are;/D.Will;be2.Idon’tknowifhisuncle_____.Ithinkhe_____ifitdoesn’train.Awillcome;comesBwillcome;willcomeCcomes;comesDcomes;willcome3.Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.AwithBforConDin4.Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?AwillBshallCdoDare5.Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.AfinishesB.doesn’tfinishCwillfinishDwon’tfinish6.There_____someshowersthisafternoon.AwillbeBwillhaveCisgoingtobeDaregoingtohave7.It____mybrother’sbirthdaytomorrow.She_____aparty.Aisgoingtobe;willhaveBwillbe;ishavingCwillbe;isgoingtohaveDwillhave;isgoingtobe8.LiMingis10yearsoldnow,nextyearhe_____11.AisBisgoingtobeCwillbeDwilltobebegoingto与will区别：两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：1.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.2.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.3.begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou（4）现在进行时1、构成：肯定句：主语+is/am/are+ving疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+ving否定句：主语+isn’t/amnot/aren’t+ving1、用法：①表示正在进行的动作I’mreadingbooknow.②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.3、时间状语：now,thesedays,当句中有look,listen,can’tyousee,canyousee时Listen!Heissinging.4\n例题：1.I____(write,amwriting,iswriting,arewriting)aletternow.2.Look,it_____(begin,isbeginning,ambeginning,arebeginning)torain.3.They____(study,isstudying,amstudying,arestudying)medicineattheMedicalInstituteofChengdethesedays.4.He_____(teach,amteaching,isteaching,areteaching)anEnglishlessonatthistime.(5)过去进行时1、结构was/were+doing2、用法①表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作---whatwereyoudoingat9:30lastnight?---IwaswatchingTV.3、when一般接一般过去时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamehome.while一般接进行时Whilemymotherwascleaning,Iwentout.Hewasplayingbasketballwhileshewasreadingbooks.例题：1.I_____(cook,cooked,wascooking,werecooking)breakfastwhenyouarrived.2.What____you_____(do,did,was...doing,were…doing)atthistimeyesterdayevening?3.We_____(have,arehaving,had,werehaving)dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.4.While/When/Aswe____(have,had,arehaving,werehaving)dinner,thedoorbellrang.动词基本变化形式：动词的一般变化形式构成方法原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词一般在词尾加s、ed或ingworkstayworksstaysworkedstayedworkedstayedworkingstaying以e结尾加s,d或去e加ingusehopeuseshopesusedhopedusedhopedusinghoping以辅音字母y结尾，y变i，再加es或ed或直接加ingstudystudiesstudiedstudiedstudying以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，直接加s,双写辅音字母加ed,加ingstopstopsstoppedstoppedstopping以r结尾的重读音节、重复r后再加ed或ing，直接加spreferpreferspreferredpreferredpreferring以l结尾的有时要重复l后再加ed或ing，直接加straveltravelstravelledtravelledtravelling4