初中英语语法之动词 24页

Review动词的种类：1.实意动词playgetputwalktakerungocomedo2.情态动词cancouldmustneedmaymightwouldshouldhavetooughttohadbetter3.连系动词bebecomekeepgetturnlooksoundsmellfeeltasteseemstaygo4.助动词dodoesdidwillhave/hashadbe(amisarewaswere)wouldshallshould注有些单词可能有两种。如lookgetturnfeelhavehashad等。但他们在不同的句子中的意思是不一样的。\n动词的六种基本形式：1.do(动词原形）2.does(动词的单数三人称）3.did(动词的过去式）4.doing(现在分词）5.done(过去分词）6.todo(不定式)谓语动词非谓语动词\n及物动词和不及物动词:及物动词后面能直接带宾语,而不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语.英语中还有些动词既可用作用及物动词,又可用作不及物动词.如1.Istudypaintingatschool.2.Idon’tknowtheanswer.3.Heisreadingabook.4.Heisreading.5.Isawherdancing.6.Lilyissinging.7.Theboylaughedatlast.(及物)(及物)(及物)(不及物)(及物)(不及物)(不及物)\n持续性动词和终止性动词:持续性动词是能持续发生一段时间的动作.终止性动词是不能持续发生一段时间的动作,瞬间发生瞬间结束的动作。1.Hergrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.()2.Hergrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.()3.HowlongcanIborrowthebook?()4.HismotherhasbeenawaysincelastTuesday.()YYNNdie____________borrow________jion_________________________open___________leave_____________close_____________buy_____________begin_____________come_____________bedeadbeaway(from)keepbeclosedbeinbeamemberofhavebeonbeopenbehere/stay/live\n\n句子的成分:由不同的词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子.一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分.英语的句子成分有八种:主语Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.谓语动词Tomwasverysickatheart.表语Thematchbecameveryexciting.宾语Wehaven’tseenherforalongtime.定语Chinaisadevelopingcountry.状语Theseproductsaresellingquickly.宾语补足语Ifoundwatchingmoviesfrustrating.主语补足语\n简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句简单句的五种基本句型：主语+谓语（不及物动词）Myleghurts.Hehasgotup.Theysetoffearly.主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.Theywanttogohome.2主语+系动词+表语（谓语动词为系动词）Hisfaceturnedred.Myfatherisathome.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语HegaveTomapresent.HegaveapresenttoTomHeboughtitforhismother.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifounditveryinteresting.Therebe句型表示存在有Therewillbeasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.therebe结构有各种时态，be动词应遵循就近原则\n判断下列各句中属于简单句的哪种基本句型1.Itrainedveryheavilylastnight.2.Pleasepassmethesugar.3.MichaelfoundChineseinteresting.4.Ilikeapplesalot.5.Youlooksmarttoday.6.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.7.Theyloveeachother.8.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.9.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.10.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacar.\n翻译下列句子明天上午四节课，它们是语文、数学、英语和体育。康康每天骑自行车上学。我昨晚做家庭作业和看电视。请你给我一本有趣的书，好吗？穿红衣服的那个女孩认识名叫王海的男孩。游泳是一项很好的运动。他棋下得很好。我经常听他唱英语歌曲。你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？10我有重要的事告诉你。Therewillbefourclassestomorrowmorning.They’erChinese,math,EnglishandP.E.KangKanggoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.IdidmyhomeworkandwatchedTvyesterdayevening.Couldyougivemeaninterestingbook?ThegirlinredknowstheboynamedWangHai.Swimmingisakindofgoodsport.Heplayschessverywell./Heisgoodatplayingchess.IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.\nLet’scheckuptheanswers.1.tosave2.climbing3.tolearn4.isreported5.is6.was;thinking;tohelp7.bedone;happening8.spoken;speaking9.tostay;go10.tosend\n1.exactly2.deeply3.inventor4.frightened5.natural6.pointing7.receiving8.preferred9.discussion10.excited\nSample:Boysandgirls,Goodafternoon.Todaylet’stalkaboutgettingon-line.Manystudentslikegettingon-lineverymuch.Theycanlearnhowtousethemodernmachinecomputer.Theycanlearnsomemoreknowledge.Itcanmakethemclevertoplaydifferentkindsofgames.Butsomestudentsspendtoomuchtimeinplayinggames.Someevenmakefriendson-linethoughtheyareyoung.Theywritetoomanyletterstoeachother.Ittakesthemtoomuchtime.Sotheydoworseandworseintheirlessons.Ithinktheymustn’tgeton-linewhentheyarestudyingatschool.Theycandoitinsummerorwinterholidays.\n例如：1.HelivesinNewYork.2.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreetthismorning.3.Ihelpherandshehelpsme.4.Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.5.Hesaidnothingtohisparents.\n例如：1.ShecanspeakEnglish,butIcan’t.2.CanIuseyourdictionary?3.Hecouldswimwhenhewasseven.4.MayIborrowyourpen?5.wemustfinishourhomeworktoday.6.Myfatherisnothere.Hemightbeworkinginthegarden.7.Youshouldn’teatbetweenmeals.Itwillmakeyoufat.8.Youneedn’twritetohim,forhewillbeheretomorrow.注：need既可以作情态动词也可以作实意动词。\n例如：1.Sheisateacher.2.IbecameateacherwhenIgrewup.3.KeepstillwhileIamtakingapictureofyou.4.Thisbaroftenstaysopentilltwelveatnight.5.Silkfeelssoft.6.Theflowerssmellverysweet.7.Ittastesfine.8.Theideasoundsquiteallright.9.Thoughitisspringnow,itremainscoldinthiscity.10.Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.\n例如：1.Heissinging.2.Hehasfinishedhishomework.3.Doyoulikeschoollife?4.DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?5.Hedoesn’tlikeplalyingfootball.6.Theydidn’tcomeherethismorning.7.Thetrainhadleftbeforehegottothestation.8.Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweekinourschool.助动词是帮助完成时态、语态、句式的，不需要翻译\n例如：1.Helooksverytired.(系动词，看起来）2.Sheislookingafterherson.(实意动词，看）3.Pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.(实意动词，关掉）4.Herfaceturnedredwhensherealizedshemadeamistake.(系动词，变得）\n主语是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体.可以充当主语的有:名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句.1.Beijingisabeautifulcity.2.ThefirstisLiLei.3.Threeofusqregoingtherebyboat.4.Weareproudofourcountry.5.Whatmakesyousohappy?6.Surfingisoneofrhemostpopularsportsintheworld.7.Togiveisbetterthantoreceive.8.Whathesaidmademeangry.9.Doesyourfatherlikeswimming?(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(句子)(代词)(名词)\n谓语是表达主语动作或状态的成分,通常位于主语之后.行为动词可以直接用作谓语;连系动词必须和表语一起构成谓语;助动词和情态动词必须和其他动词一起构成复合谓语.1.Timeflies!2.Hehasworkedinthisschoolfortwentyyears.3.Theflowershavecomeout.4.Theschoolsportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.5.ShecanspeaknotonlyFrenchbutalsoEnglish.6.Youneedn’tworryaboutherstudy.7.Hermotherlooksyoung.8.it’sbecomingaseriousproblem.注:谓语动词一定要反映该句的时态和语态.并且要和主语在人称和数上一致\n表语是用来说明主语的身份.特征或状态.它们于连系动词之后.名词.代词,形容词,副词,数词,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语和从名等都可作表语.1.Itisalovelyhouse.2.Moneyisn’teverything.3.Shelookedveryyoung.4.Isthedoctorin?5.Theoldmaniseighty-two.6.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.7.Thedoorremainedclosed.8.Seeingisbelieving.9.Whensomeoneisintrouble,weshouldhelphim.10.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(名词)(代词)(形容词)(副词)(数词)(不定式)(分词)(动名词)(介词短语)(从句)\n宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者.宾语一般放在及物动词之后.英语介词也会跟宾语.可作宾语的有名词,数词,代词,动名词等.不定式也可作及物动词的宾语.还有句子,也就是宾语从句.1.WealllikeEnglish.2.Pleasehelpme.3.Howmanybooksdoyouwant?Iwantfour.4.Heenjoysswimming.5.Hehopedtoarrivethereontime.6.Idon’tthinkthatheisright.7.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.8.Whataboutgoingswimming?9.Motherboughtmeanewskirt.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(从句)(名词作介词宾语)(动名词作介词宾语)(双宾语)此句有两个宾语me和anewskirt,me是间接宾语,anewskirt是直接宾语.也可写成Motherboughtanewskirtforme.像这样的动词有:showpasssendteachtellwritetakelend等.直接宾语和间接宾语可交换位置,但要加to或for.\n定语是修饰名词或代词的成分.形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式动名词,分词,介词短语和从句等可用作定语.1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.WhoseEnglishbookisit?3.Afewpicturesfelloffthewall.4.Ourofficeisonthethirdfloor.5.Therearealotofbananatreesinthatvillage.6.Intheendwefoundawaytosolvetheproblem.7.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearestpostoffice?8.EverybodyherehasreadHarryPoter.9.ThebookwhichwaswrittenbyLuXunsellswell.形容词作定语一般前置,但修饰复合不定代词后置名词作定语可构成复合名词,如musiclesson,boystudent等副词作定语放在后面\n状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词或者全句的成分.副词,名词短语,介词短语，不定式，分记和从句都可作状语。1.TheyquicklypassedthestickontoJim.2.Idon’tlikecoffeeverymuch.3.Thenextdaytheyarrivedhome.4.Theplanetakesoffat10:30.5.Theystoppedtolistentotheirteachercarefully.6.Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashearrives.\n宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了带宾语外，还必须加上宾语补足语句子的意思才完整。宾语补足语用来进一步说明前面的宾语。形容词，名词，副词，介词短语，不定式以及分词等可作宾语补足语。1.WeallcallhimXiaoHuaforshort.Thenewsmadeherhappy.3.Heopenedthewindowstoletfreshairin.4.Ifoundtheoldladyingoodhealth.5.Sheaskedmetohelpher.6.JustnowIsawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.7.Theradiodoesn’twork,I’llgetitrepairedtomorrow