初中英语词汇教与学 43页

新目标下的初中英语词汇教学\n引言在语言教学中，词汇教学占有十分重要的地位。词汇教学是初中英语教学的重点和难点。\n一、目前农村初中英语词汇教学的现状和存在的问题主要表现在学生在单词的理解和记忆上存在困难，学生的词汇量达不到要求，教师没有有意识地培养学生的思维能力，词汇教学方法单一。\n二、新课程标准下初中英语词汇教学的新特点词汇教学要注重营造生动有趣的情境，激发学生学习的兴趣，以学生为主体，将文化意识渗透于词汇教学中。\nYouarealuckydog.你真是个幸运儿。Everydoghashisday.凡人都有得意时。Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。Davidworkslikeadog.David工作真卖劲儿。Yourpartnerisadirtydog.你的合伙人是个卑鄙小人。Heisreallyadeaddog.他是个没用的东西。Teachanolddognewtricks.班门弄斧。Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.谗言可畏。Dog\n三、初中英语词汇教学原则1、识词于话语；2、音、形、义结合；3、针对不同词汇类别采用不同教法；4、循序渐进，逐步扩展；5、反复复习，巩固记忆；6、培养学生自学词汇的能力。\n四、初中英语词汇教学的策略（一）介绍新单词，可采用多样化的教学方法。1使用直观手段释义2利用构词法释义3利用同义词释义4利用反义词释义5利用下定义法释义6利用各种关系释义7利用各种情境释义8使用汉语释义（用英语难解释时）\n四、初中英语词汇教学的策略（二）操练新单词教授了新词后，要设计大量的练习，让学生在语境中反复操练，帮助学生了解单词的确切意思并最终掌握它们的用法。\n四、初中英语词汇教学的策略（三）词汇的扩展教学1.利用联想；2.利用拼读规则；3.利用构词法知识；4.利用归纳对比；5.易混淆词的对比；6.词组归类教学法；7.自己探究规律。8.收集有趣的课外词汇\n四、初中英语词汇教学的策略（四）词、句、篇教学，提高学生学习和运用词汇的能力。1、Word:ThemobilephoneismadeinChina.2、Sentence:Thismachineismadeofmetal.Thissweaterismadeofwool.3、Passage:Ihaveaniceclassroom.Thereisablackboard,fivewindowsandmanydesksandchairsinit.Theblackboardismadeofmetal.Thedesksandchairsaremadeofwood.Thewindowsaremadeofglassandmetal.Ilovemyclassroom.\n四、初中英语词汇教学的策略（五）提高学生词汇学习兴趣的几种教学法。1．口诀教学法；2．故事教学法；3．名言警句教学法；4．谜语教学法；5．游戏教学法；6．多媒体情感教学法。\n五、词汇的识记与巩固（一）帮助学生形成科学的学习方法1.词汇表多元记忆法；2.读音规则记忆法；3.分析单词的形态；4.联想记忆；5.合作记忆（互动记忆）；6.卡片式尝试记忆；7.及时有效的复习和测试。\n艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线\n五、词汇的识记与巩固（二）端正学习动机，培养学习兴趣。1．教师应帮助学生端正学习词汇的态度，克服心理障碍；2．熟练掌握积极词汇，妥善处理消极词汇；3．有效地制定词汇学习计划，同时增加课外词汇量。\ntigerelephantkoaladolphinpandalionpenguingiraffeExample1\nExample2ChinaKoreaJapanAustraliaAmericaCanadaBritainFrance\nExample3staplefoodhamburgerricenoodleporridgemeatporkbeefmuttonchickenvegetablesbroccolicarrottomatopotatocabbageoniondrinksorangejuicegreenteadesserticecreamcookieotherseggFrenchfriessalad\n六、结束语要不断改进教学方法，培养学生自主学习的能力和良好的学习习惯，为他们今后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。\n思考与互动1、你认为农村初中英语词汇教学还有哪些好的教学方法？2、以八年级下册unit8的部分词汇为例，谈谈应该如何开展词汇教学。commentalbumpersonalspecialreceivegavespidermousesnakehamsterturtlechildpigpot-belliedadvantagedisadvantageperfectrabbitcompanycostasleepchoosepresentopenlaterbenchSwedeninsteadfallasleepgiveaway\nJuly，2009Thankyou\nNightandDayBACKEveryday.Underthesun.Everynight.Underthestars.Nightandday.Isleepandplay.Whatabeautifulday.Theskyisblue.Timetowakeup.Goodmorningtoyou.Whatabeautifulnight.Lookatthestars.It’stimetosleep.Goodnight.\nAbookstoreisastorewherebooksaresold.Anounisthenameofaperson,place,orthing.Ahospitalisaplacewheredoctorsandnurseswork.ExamplesBACK\n①事物的特征Iceiscold.Waterturnsintoiceinwinter.②因果关系Johnhasnottakenhisbreakfast,soheishungry.Johnhasdrunkalotofwater,soheisnotthirstynow.③先后关系或自然顺序Springcomesbeforesummer.Summercomesbeforeautumn.SundaycomesbeforeMonday.MondaycomesbeforeTuesday.Wetakeourbreakfastatseventhirtyinthemorning.Wetakeourlunchattwelve.ExamplesBACK\n合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法。复合名词classroom（名词+名词）blackboard（形容词+名词）复合形容词worldwide（名词+形容词）good-looking（名词+分词）复合动词overcome（副词+动词）复合数词fifty-four（数词+数词）复合代词everyonesomebodyanythingnobody（不定代词+名词）复合副词downstairs（形容词+名词）whole-heartedly（副词+副词）\n派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀例词un-（不、非，表示否定）unfriendlyunpleasantuncomfortabledis-（不、非，表示否定）disadvantagedishonestdisagreebi-（两个、双边的）bicycleinter-（相互、交互、在一起）interviewinternationalinternetre-（又、再、重新）reviewreturnrewritetele-（远）telephonetelevision\n后缀例词-or/er（从事某种职业的人）actor,visitor,tutor,singer,runner-ful（充满，形容词后缀）successful,beautiful,colorful,wonderful-tion（表示动作、状态，名词后缀）invitation,attraction,population,prediction-less（没有、无，形容词后缀）homeless,helpless,careless-ese（民族、语言，名词后缀）Chinese,Japanese-y（表性质、形容词后缀）funny,healthy,cloudy,windy-ing（形容词后缀）interesting,outstanding-ly（形容词或副词后缀）really,usually,friendly,finally-ed（形容词后缀）surprised,balanced,talented-able（能够，形容词后缀）comfortable,unforgettable-al（…的，形容词后缀）traditional,international,natural-ist（人，名词后缀）scientist,terrorist\n转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。名词转化为动词show（n.展览、展示）→show（v.表演、展出）water（n.水）→water（v.浇水）形容词转化为动词slow（adj.慢的）→slow（v.放慢）动词转化为名词walk（v.散步、走）→walk（n.散步）look（v.看）→look（n.看一下，看一看）\n缩写和简写缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。如：telephone→phoneairplane→planelaboratory→labmathematics→mathadvertisement→adexamination→examinfluenza→flu另外还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成，如：CCTV（ChinaCentraltelevision）kg（kilogram）NBA（NationalBasketballAssociation）UFO（unidentifiedflyingobject）UN（UnitedNations）ID（identification）USA（UnitedStatesofAmerica）BACK\n词组归类looklookforlookaboutlookafterlookoutlookuplooklikelookatlookovergetgetupgetwellgetdressedgetbackgettogetoutofgetintogetoffgetongetreadyforgetonwithBACK\norangebananaapplepeargrapefruit\ncarplanetrainbusshiptrafficBACK\nBrainTwisters1.Whatisthesmallestroomintheworld?2.Whatkindofdogdoesn'tbiteorbark?3.Whatmatchcan'tbeputinamatch-box?4.Whattableisinthefield?5.Wheredoesafternooncomebeforemorningintheworld?6.Whatmousewon'teatcheeseatall?\nBrainTwisters1.Whatisthesmallestroomintheworld?answer：Mushroom.2.Whatkindofdogdoesn'tbiteorbark?answer：Hotdog.3.Whatmatchcan'tbeputinamatch-box?answer：Footballmatch,basketballmatch,etc.4.Whattableisinthefield?answer：Vegetable.5.Wheredoesafternooncomebeforemorningintheworld?answer：Inthedictionary.6.Whatmousewon'teatcheeseatall?answer：Acomputermouse.BACK\nEnglishProverbsWherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者，事竟成。）Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.（说来容易，做来难。）Twoheadsarebetterthanone.（两人智慧胜一人。）Everydoghashisday.（凡人皆有得意日。）Don’tteachfishtoswim.（不要班门弄斧。）Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实。）Practicemakesperfect.（熟能生巧。）Betterlatethannever.（亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。）BACK\nHamburgBACKhamburger\nBingo游戏26╳19╳634814╳37╳395524╳BACKBingo！\nYouandMeBACKYouandMe,Fromoneworld,Wearefamily.Traveldream,Athousandmiles,MeetinginBeijing.Comealongtogether,Putyourhandinmine.YouandMe,Fromoneworld,Wearefamily.\nSomeirregularverbsA－A－A：hit－hit－hitput－put－putA－B－B：make—made--madeleave—left--leftA－B－A：run—ran—runcome—came--comei－a－u：sing—sang--sungdrink－drank－drunkBACK\n序数词的记忆口诀1、2、3，特殊记，词尾字母t、d、d。8减t，9去e，f来把ve替。若是遇到整十数，y变ie加th。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。\nBetterthanbestGood,better,bestNeverletitrestTillgoodisbetterAndbetterbestBACK\ncostspendpaytakeHowmuchdidthatbagcost?Ispendalotoftimeonmyhomework.Ispendtwodollars(in)buyingtheskirt.Ipaid150dollarsforthatdress.Ittookthemonehourtogettotheairport.选用spend,take,cost,pay填空。1.I1,200yuanonthephoneyesterday.2.Itushalfanhourtofinishthework.3.Thepairofshoesmeover500yuan.4.Onemustforwhathe/sheeatsanddrinksinarestaurant.5.MybrotherallhissparetimeinpracticingEnglish.\ncostspendpaytakeHowmuchdidthatbagcost?Ispendalotoftimeonmyhomework.Ispendtwodollars(in)buyingtheskirt.Ipaid150dollarsforthatdress.Ittookthemonehourtogettotheairport.选用spend,take,cost,pay填空。1.Ispent1,200yuanonthephoneyesterday.2.Ittookushalfanhourtofinishthework.3.Thepairofshoescostmeover500yuan.4.Onemustpayforwhathe/sheeatsanddrinksinarestaurant.5.MybrotherspendsallhissparetimeinpracticingEnglish.BACK\nhungerappreciateBACKhomelessdonation