初中英语完成时态讲义 习题 9页

语法专项二十三——现在完成时一、过去分词1、概念：过去分词是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。2、过去分词变化规则：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped不规则动词，见不规则表（1）AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共8个cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset-set-set（2）ABB型：过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个）1）．过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thoughtfight—fought—fought2）．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent3）．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught4）．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—sweptfeel—felt—felt5）．把-ell变为-old。（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6）．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（2个）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—spelt7）．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（3个）feed—fed—fedlead—led—ledmeet—met—met8）．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（4个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantburn—burnt—burntdream—dreamt—dreamt9）．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个）say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard10）．改变元音字母。（9个）meet—met—metfeed—fed—fedget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldwin—won—wonlose—lost—loststick—stuck—stuck11）．改变辅音字母。（4个）make—made—madebuild—built—builtsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent12）．改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave/has—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood\n（3）ABC型：原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共39个）1）．i—a—u变化。（5个）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swum2）．词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown3）．词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen4）．过去分词在过去式后加n。（2个）wake—woke—wokenspeak-spoke-spoken5）．过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）get-got-gotten/gotforget—forgot—forgotten6）．过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7）．词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（3个）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistakenshake—shook—shaken8）．原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn9）．词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）break—broke—brokenspeak—spoke—spoken10）．词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（1个）choose—chose—chosen（4）AAB型：过去式和原形相同。（1个）beat—beat—beaten（5）ABA型：过去分词和原形相同。（共3个）1）.词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）come—came—comebecome—became—become2）.u—a—u变化。（1个）run—ran—run（6）情态动词型(除must)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（共4个）can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldmust既没有过去式也没有过去分词二、现在完成时1、概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。Eg：Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Eg：HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢2、基本结构：现在完成时的构成形式：have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)Eg：I/You/They/Wehavetalked.He/Shehastalked.（1）现在完成时的肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词Eg：Susanhasalreadyfinishedherhomework.（2）现在完成时的否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词\nI/You/They/Wehaven’t(havenot)talked.He/Shehasn’t(hasnot)talked.（3）现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词HaveI/You/They/Wetalked.Hashe/shetalked.肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语＋have/has.，否定的简略回答是：No，主语＋have/hasnot.。Eg：Ihaveseenthefilm.→Haveyouseenthefilm？Yes，Ihave./No，Ihaven’t.（4）现在完成时的特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词Eg：HowmanytimeshashebeentoEngland?他去过英国几次？3、.现在完成时的时间状语:for+一段时间（时间段），since+时间点或时间状语从句（自从），sofar(到目前为止，迄今为止),ever（曾经）,never（从来不）,just（刚刚）,yet（还，已经），tillnow（到现在为止）,untilnow,uptonow（直到现在）,inthepasttwoyears\months(在过去的两年里\数月),thelastfewyears(近几年里),already（已经）,recently（最近）,lately（最近）,once（一次），twice(两次),threetimes（三次）等等4、现在完成时的用法（1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束Eg：Wehavealreadyfinishedthework.我们已经完成了这项工作。（2）发生在过去的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果。Eg：Charliehasbrokenhisleftleg.查理摔断了左腿。（3）表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能继续延续下去。Eg：IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwastenyearsold.我从十岁起就住在上海。（4）表示从过去到现在曾经历过的事。Eg：Ihavereadthebookthreetimes.这本书我看了三遍。5．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是结果、影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.　　（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.　　（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow--具体的过去时间状语　现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,--模糊的时间状语6、延续动词与非延续性动词（1）非延续动词（瞬间动词、终止性动词）：表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此，在现在完成时中，这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5o'clock;常用的瞬间动词：arrive、begin、borrow、buy、come、die、go、join、leave、lose、marry、stopEg：I’veleftShanghaifor3days.(×)I’vebeenawayfromShanghaifor3days.(∨)注意：如果现在完成时的谓语动词是终止性动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为终止性动词的这种否定式已变成一种可以延续的状态。（2）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间:for2years;since从句,sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave---beawaybuy---havejoin →beinbegin/start---beondie---bedeadfinish---beoverfallill--- beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldcomehere---beheregothere---betherebecome---becomeback---bebackfallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)leave---beawayfromgo(get)out→beoutputon→weargo→betheregetup→beup      borrow /lend→keep\n三、过去完成时1、概念：表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。即过去的过去。2、结构：had+过去分词3、时间状语：（1）和alreadyjusteveryet等连用，表示过去的过去。Eg：Hetoldmehisteamhadalreadywon.他告诉我他们队已经赢了。Eg：Iheardthatthepredidenthadjustarrivedhere.我听说院长刚刚到达。（2）过去完成时与bythen（截止到那时），by9o’clock（直到9点之前），bytheendof-----（在-----末之前）bythetime-----（在----时之前），uptillthen（直到那时），uptilllastnight（直到昨晚）Eg：Bytheendof2007manybuildingshadbeenbuiltinthecity.截止到2007年底，在这所城市盖起了许多新的建筑。Eg：Bythetimehecameherehehadbeenafamousdoctor.他到这儿之前已经是很有名的医生了。（3）与when,before,after,assoonas,till,until等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。Eg：Whenshegothome,herchildernhadslept.她到家时她的孩子们已经入睡了。Eg:Whenshehadfinishedherjob,shewenttosleep.当她把所有的事情做完之后，她睡觉去了。\n现在完成时专项习题一、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie________fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、Bytheendoflastmonth,I________alltheCDsofJustinBieber.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Themeeting___________bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.A.wasonB.hasbeenonC.hadbegunD.hasbegun19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21、I_______ aletterfromhimsinceheleft．A．didn'treceiveB．haven'tgotC．didn'thaveD．haven'theard22．Ourschoolishavingasportsmeeting.Someone_____herealready.A.arrivedB.havearrivedC.hasarrived23．Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook？A．boughtB．borrowedC．hadD．lent24．—Where'sPeter？—He_______toNanjing．A．isgoingB．hasbeenC．hasgoneD．went\n25．SamcametoBaihaiin2002.He__________herefornineyears.A.livesB.waslivingC.haslivedD.willlive26．Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago．A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．after27．—Ihavewatchedthegame．—When________you_______itA．have；watchedB．do；watchC．did；watchD．will；watch28．—HowdoyoulikeBeijing，MrBlack？—Oh，I_______suchabeautifulcity．A．don'tvisitB．didn'tvisitC．haven'tvisitedD．hadn'tvisited29．Theoldpeople_______lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek．A．don'tfeelB．hasn'tfeltC．haven'tfeltD．didn'tfeel30．Mygrandfather_______ inthesmalltownallhislife．Healwayssayshelikesthetown．A．livedB．havelivedC．haslivedD．isliving31．MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice．A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone32．HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice_______hecametoYunnan．A．afterB．beforeC．sinceD．for33．Hisgrandpa_______fortwoyears．A．wasdiedB．hasbeendeadC．wasdeadD．hasdied34．—Haveyouever_______ toHaikou？—Yes，I_______ therewithmyfamilylastAugust．A．gone；wentB．been；wentC．been；wenttoD．been；wasin35．Hissister_______herhometownforthreeyears．She'llreturnnextyear．A．leftB．hasleftC．hasbeenawayD．hasbeenawayfrom36.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedDbeen37.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsCwhenIwas2.D.myagewas6.38.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen39.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet40.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had41.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned42.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live43.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoBhasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto44.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going45.—Dad,I________thestationforminutes,butnobodycametomeetme.—Don’tworry.I’llgotomeetyousoon.A.arrivedatB.havebeenatC.willreach46.—________youever_________Dali?—Never.ButIamgoingtherethisvacation.A.Do…gotoB.Have…beentoC.Have…gonetoD.Will…goto47.Myauntisawriter.She____morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite48.Echo_____forhalfamonth.She’llcomehackintwomonths.A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway49.TheSmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they__thereforthreeyearssincethen.A.liveB.livedC.havelivedD.willlive\n50.—HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?—Yes,_______.A.IwasB.IdoC.IamD.Ihave51.Imyhomework,IguessIcan'tjoinyou.\A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinish52.—Excuseme,whereisMr.Brown'soffice?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.I_____hereforonlyafewdays.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork53.—WhereisBob?—He______toHarbinforameeting.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgone54.—Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?—No,I______tothebankalready.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen55.----Oh,youarehere.I’mlookingforyouallthemorning.？----Tothelibrary.A.WherehaveyougoneB.WherewillyougoC.WhereareyougoingD.Wherehaveyoubeen?56.—MayIspeaktoMissWang?—Sorry.Sheisn’tin.She__________toHongKong.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.went57.Mygrandmother______alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.A．seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen58．ImanynewfriendssinceIcamehere．A．makeB．madeC．willmakeD．havemade59.Mrs.WengcamebackfromFrancein2010.She_____thereforfouryears.A.worksB.workedC.hasworked60."Where'syourbrother,Jane?""He'snotinGuiyangthesedays.He________Beijing.'A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hadbeento61.She_______thisbookfornearlythreeweeks.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept62.They_____Englandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenon63.He_______inthiscitysincehisfamilymovedtoNanchong.A.liveB.livedC.haslived64.SomestudentsinShanghaie-bagsforseveralmonths.A.haveB.havehadC.hadD.willhave65.—IsMr.SmithstillinShanghai?—Yes,he______therefortwomonths.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.hasgoneto66.MybrotherandI_____inYinchuansince1997.A.hadlivedB.havelivedC.liveD.willlive67.Mypenpalsaidhewouldwritetome,butI___anylettersfromhimsofar.A.won’treceiveB.haven’treceivedC.hadn’treceivedD.didn’treceive68.Ourcountry______thesixthpopulationcensus(人口普查)already.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes69.Thomas______thearmyfortwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC.hasbeenin70.—HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?—Iknowtheplaceverywell.I____Sydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin71.A:Howcleanthebedroomis!B:Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned72.—WhereisBen?—He____totheteachers’office.Hewillbebacksoon.A.goB.hasgoneC.hasbeen73.I______my　hometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom74.—WillyoupleasegotoseethemovieGuanyinshanwithme?—No,Iwon’t.I______already.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee\n75.－WhereisJohn?－He______thesciencelab.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wentto76.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome77.Lanmon______hereforalmosttenyearsandhehasmanyChinesefriends.A.hasbeenB.leftC.hascomeD.came78.-Jimisn’tintheclassroom.Whereishe？-He_____totheteacher’soffice.A.willgoB.hasgoneC.hadgoneD.isgoing79.BritishPrinceWilliam(威廉王子)andKate_____fornearlytwomonths.A.marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.havegotmarried80.Jim_________inZhuzhousincehefinishedhiscollege.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworked81.—MayIspeaktoLinTao?—Sorry,heisnotin.He______toChangsha.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.went82.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However.he__yet.A.didn'tarriveB.doesn'tarriveC.isn'tarrivingD.hasn'tarrived83.—Chinadevelopssofast.—That’strue.It______alotalready.A.changesB.changedC.willchangeD.haschanged84.Youaretoolate.Thefilm______sincehalfanhourago.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC.began85.----Whywon’tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?----BecauseIittwice.A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee86.-Where'syourfather,Tom?-He__toChangsha.A.goesB.wentC.hasgone87.-Whereismysister,mum?-She______tothelibrary.Shewillbebacksoon.A.hasbeenB.isgoingC.hasgoneD.willgo88.—MayIspeaktoMary?—Sorry,sheisn’tin.ShetoJapanandwillcomebackintwoweeks.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.isgoing89.—AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?—No,they____toShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved90.Mr.Fan___thiswatchin2005.he____itfor6years.A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had91.Mr.Whitecametoourschoolin2008,andsincethenheusEnglish.A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach92.Iwon’tgototheconcertbecauseI_________myticket.A.lostB.don’tloseC.havelostD.islost93._______you_______thetextyet?Yes,we_________ittwohoursago.A.Did----copy----didB.Have---copied---haveC.Have---copied---didD.Did---copy---had94.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I______foryousincefive.A.kept----waitedB.havekept----waitedC.kept---havewaitedD.havekept----havewaited.\n答案1——5BBADC6——10CCBBB11——15DBACD16——20AACCC21——25BCCCC26——30BCBBD31——35BCBBD36——40DCBBD41——45CCBBB46——50BCDCD51——55CCCAD56——60BDDCA61——65DACBA66——70BBBCB71——75CBDBA76——80CABCC81——85BDDBB86——90CCBDA91——94CCCD