初中英语知识点汇编 8页

初中英语知识点汇编使用说明：1.划实线：2011课标没有，教材有。2.下划虚线：2011课标新增；3.删除线：2011年课标删减4.括号：第一位数表示年级；第二位字母A表示上册，B表示下册；最后的数字表示单元。如7B-4，表示教材七年级下第四单元。其他疑问咨询：zjdtlzh@163.com一、词法1)冠词应用：不定冠词(7B-4)；定冠词(7B-4)7B-4-p.47Usinga,anandthe2)名词应用：可数名词和不可数名词(7A-6)；名词的单、复数；名词所有格(7B-3);识记：专有名词；后缀构成名词(8A-5)(8A-6)；名词词义辨析7A-6-pp.73-74Countableanduncountablenouns7B-3-p.35Noun+’s8A-5-p.65Thesuffixes–ing,-nessand–ion(Wecanaddthemtosomeverbsandadjectivestoformnouns.)8A-6-p.77Thesuffixes–er,-orand–ist(Wecanaddthemtosomewordstoformnounsforpeople.)3)代词应用：人称代词的主格或宾格形式(7A-3)(9B-1)；物主代词的形容词性与名词性形式(7B-3)；反身代词(8A-3)；指示代词；不定代词(7A-7)(7B-8)；疑问代词what,which,who,whose(7A-5)；关系代词that,which,who(9A-8)；非人称代词it(9B-1)7A-3-p.35Personalpronouns(subjectform)7A-3-p.36Personalpronouns(objectform)7A-5-pp.61-62Askingwh-questions7A-7-p.85Usingsome/any7B-3-p.36Possessiveadjectivesandpronouns7B-8-p.98Indefinitepronouns8A-3-p.36Reflexivepronouns9A-8-pp.113-114Relativepronouns9B-1-p.12Usingitasapronoun9B-1-p.13Usingitasanimpersonalpronoun9B-1-p.14Usingittoreplacetherealsubjectorobject4)数词\n应用：基数词(7B-1)；序数词(7B-1)7B-1-p.11Cardinalnumbers7B-2-p.12Ordinalnumbers5)介词应用：词汇表中所列出的介词和介词短语用法7A-4-p.47Prepositionsoftime7B-4-p.48Prepositionsofplace6)形容词应用：作定语(7B-8)、表语(7B-8)、宾语补足语的用法；原级(8A-3)、比较级、最高级(8A-1)(8A-2)的基本用法；后缀构成形容词(8A-2)(8A-3)(8A-4)(8A-7)；形容词词义辨析7B-8-p.97Usingadjectives8A-1-pp.11-12Comparativeandsuperlativeadjectives8A-2-p.23Comparingtheamountofthings8A-3-p.35Usingas…as8A-2-p.27Thesuffix–ly(Wecanalsoadd–lytosomenounstoformadjectives.)8A-3-p.39Thesuffixes–fuland–less(Wecanadd–fulor–lesstosomenounstoformadjectives.Thesuffix–fulmeans“fullof”.Thesuffix–lessmeans“without”.)8A-4-p.51Theprefixesun-,in-andim-(Weaddthemtosomeadjectivestoformnewwordswithoppositemeaning.)8A-7-p.89Thesuffix–y(Wecanaddittosomenounstoformadjectives.Itmeans“havingthequalityof”.)7)副词应用：表示时间、地点、方式、程度、频率(7A-4)等的基本用法；疑问副词when,where,why,how的基本用法(7A-5)(8B-4)；比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）的用法(8A-2)；后缀构成副词(8A-2)；副词词义辨析7A-4-p.48Adverbsoffrequency7A-5-pp.61-62Askingwh-questions8A-2-p.24Comparativeandsuperlativeadverbs8A-2-p.27Thesuffix–ly(Wecanadd–lytosomeadjectivestoformadverbs.)8B-4-pp.54-55Usingquestionwords+to-infinitives8)连词应用：词汇表中所列出的连词用法8A-8-p.98Usingwhen,whileandas9A-1-p.12Usingand,but,orandso9A-1-p.13-14Usingboth…and…,notonly…but(also)…,either…or…and\nneither…nor...9A-4-p.54Usingbefore,after,whenandwhile9A-4-p.55Usingsince,tillanduntil9A-4-p.56Usingassoonasandwhenever9A-5-p.70Givingreasonswithbecause9A-5-pp.71-72Givingreasonswithsinceandas9A-6-pp.84-85Usingif9A-6-pp.85-86Usingunless9A-7-p.98Usingalthough/though9A-7-p.99Usingso…thatandsuch…that9A-7-p.100Usingsothat9)构词法应用：后缀构成名词(8A-5)(8A-6)；后缀构成形容词(8A-2)(8A-3)(8A-4)(8A-7)；前缀构成形容词的反义词(8A-4)；后缀副词(8A-2)；转化；合成(8A-8)8A-2-p.27Thesuffix–ly(Wecanadd–lytosomeadjectivestoformadverbs.)8A-2-p.27Thesuffix–ly(Wecanalsoadd–lytosomenounstoformadjectives.)8A-3-p.39Thesuffixes–fuland–less(Wecanadd–fulor–lesstosomenounstoformadjectives.Thesuffix–fulmeans“fullof”.Thesuffix–lessmeans“without”.)8A-4-p.51Theprefixesun-,in-andim-(Weaddthemtosomeadjectivestoformnewwordswithoppositemeaning.)8A-5-p.65Thesuffixes–ing,-nessand–ion(Wecanaddthemtosomeverbsandadjectivestoformnouns.)8A-6-p.77Thesuffixes–er,-orand–ist(Wecanaddthemtosomewordstoformnounsforpeople.)8A-7-p.89Thesuffix–y(Wecanaddittosomenounstoformadjectives.Itmeans“havingthequalityof”.)8A-8-p.101Creatingnewwords(Wecanputtwowordstogethertocreatenewwords.Theyarecalledcompoundwords.)二、动词1)动词的种类应用：及物动词和不及物动词(8A-7)；连系动词；助动词；情态动词(7B-7)(8A-4)(8A-5)(8B-4)7B-7-p.85Usingcan,couldandmay8A-4-p.48Usingshouldandhadbetter8A-5-p.61Usingmayforpossibility8A-7-p.85-86Verbsandsentencestructures8B-4-p.56Usingmustandhaveto2)动词的基本形式\n应用：原形；第三人称单数形式；现在分词；过去式；过去分词3)时态应用：一般现在时(7A-1)(7A-2)(9B-2)；一般过去时(7B-5)(7B-6)(8B-3)(9B-2)；一般将来时(7B-2)；现在进行时(7A-8)(9B-2)；现在完成时(8B-1)(8B-2)(8B-3)(9B-2)；过去进行时(8A-8)(9B-2)；过去完成时7A-1-p.11-12Simplepresenttenseoftheverbtobe7A-2-p.23-24Simplepresenttenseoftheverbtodo7A-8-pp.97-98Presentcontinuoustense7B-2-p.23Simplefuturetensewithwillandshall7B-2-p.24Simplefuturetensewithbegoingto7B-5-pp.61-62Simplepasttense(1)7B-6-pp.73-74Simplepasttense(2)8A-8-p.97Pastcontinuoustense8B-1-pp.12-14Presentperfecttense8B-2-pp.26-27Usinghave/hasbeenandhave/hasgone8B-2-pp.27-28Verbswithforandsince8B-3-pp.40-42Simplepasttenseandpresentperfecttense9B-2-p.26Simplepresentandpresentcontinuoustenses9B-2-p.27Simplepastandpastcontinuoustenses9B-2-p.28Simplepastandpresentperfecttenses4)被动语态应用：一般现在时的被动语态(8B-7-pp.98-100)；一般过去时的被动语态(8B-7-pp.98-100)；一般将来时的被动语态(8B-8)8B-7-pp.98-100Passivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttenses8B-8-pp.112-114Passivevoiceinthesimplefuturetense5)动词不定式应用：作宾语(8A-5)(8B-4)(9B-3)；作宾语补足语(8A-6)(8B-4)；作主语(8B-6)；作目的状语(8A-6)(8B-5)(9B-3)；作定语；理解：用在how,when,where,what,which等之后8A-5-p.62Usingverbs+to-infinitives8A-6-p.73Usingto-infinitivesforpurpose8A-6-p.74Usingverbs+objects+to-infinitives8B-4-pp.54-55Usingquestionwords+to-infinitives8B-5-p.70Usingenoughto8B-5-p.71Usingtoo…to8B-6-p.84Itis+adjective+to-infinitive8B-6-p.85Itis+adjective+for…+to-infinitive8B-6-p.86Itis+adjective+of…+to-infinitive9B-3-p.43Usingobjectclausesorquestionwords+to-infinitives\n9B-3-p.44Usingadverbialclausesorto-infinitves6)动名词7)词义辨析三、句法1)句子的种类应用：陈述句（肯定句和否定句(7A-7)）；疑问句（一般疑问句(7A-7)，特殊疑问句(7A-5)，选择疑问句，反意疑问句）(9A-3)；祈使句（肯定句和否定句）(8A-4)；感叹句(7B-7)7A-5-pp.61-62Askingwh-questions7A-7-p.85Usingsome/any7B-7-p.86UsingWhatandHowtoexpressstrongfeelings8A-4-p.47Givinginstructions9A-3-p.42Givingsuggestions2)句子成分应用：主语；谓语；表语；宾语；直接宾语和间接宾语；宾语补足语；定语；状语(8A-7)8A-7-p.85-86Verbsandsentencestructures3)简单句的五种基本句型应用：主语＋连系动词＋表语；主语＋不及物动词；主语＋及物动词＋宾语；主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(8A-7)(9B-3)；Therebe句型(7A-7)7A-7-p.86Usingtherebe8A-7-p.85-86Verbsandsentencestructures9B-3-p.42Usingobjectclausesorobjects+objectcomplements9B-4-p.56Usingadverbialclausesorsimplesentences9B-4-p.57Usingobjectclausesorsimplesentences9B-4-p.58Usingdefiningrelativeclausesorsimplesentences4)并列复合句应用：连词9A-1-p.12Usingand,but,orandso9A-1-p.13-14Usingboth…and…,notonly…but(also)…,either…or…andneither…nor...9A-5-pp.71-72Givingreasonswithsinceandas5)主从复合句应用：宾语从句(9A-2)(9A-3)(9B-3)(9B-4)；状语从句（以sothat引导的状语从句只要求理解）(9B-3)(9B-4)；直接引语、间接引语；连词（例句见连词1.8）理解：定语从句(9A-8)(9B-4)\n9A-2-p.26Objectclausesintroducedbythat9A-2-pp.27-28Objectclausesintroducedbyiforwhether9A-3-pp.40-41Objectclausesintroducedbyquestionwords9A-8-p.112Definingrelativeclauses9B-3-p.42Usingobjectclausesorobjects+objectcomplements9B-3-p.43Usingobjectclausesorquestionwords+to-infinitives9B-3-p.44Usingadverbialclausesorto-infinitves9B-4-p.56Usingadverbialclausesorsimplesentences9B-4-p.57Usingobjectclausesorsimplesentences9B-4-p.58Usingdefiningrelativeclausesorsimplesentences8A-8-p.98Usingwhen,whileandas9A-4-p.54Usingbefore,after,whenandwhile9A-4-p.55Usingsince,tillanduntil9A-4-p.56Usingassoonasandwhenever9A-5-p.70Givingreasonswithbecause9A-5-pp.71-72Givingreasonswithsinceandas9A-6-pp.84-85Usingif9A-6-pp.85-86Usingunless9A-7-p.98Usingalthough/though9A-7-p.99Usingso…thatandsuch…that9A-7-p.100Usingsothat四、功能意念（情景交际）1)社会交往应用：问候；介绍；告别；致谢；道歉；邀请；请求允许；祝愿与祝贺；请求与提供帮助；约会；打电话；就餐；就医；购物；问路；谈论天气；语言交际困难；提醒注意；警告和禁止；劝告；建议；接受与拒绝2)态度应用：同意和不同意；喜欢和不喜欢；肯定和不肯定；可能和不可能；能够和不能够；偏爱和优先选择；意愿和打算；希望和愿望；表扬和鼓励；判断和评价3)情感应用：高兴；惊奇；关切；安慰；满意；遗憾4)时间应用：时刻；时段；频度；顺序5)空间应用：位置；方向；距离6)存在\n应用：存在与不存在7)特征应用：形状；颜色；材料；价格；规格；年龄8)计量应用：长度；宽度；高度；数量；重量9)比较应用：同级比较；差别比较；相似和差别10)逻辑关系应用：原因和结果；目的五、话题1)Peopleandrelationships应用：1个人情况；2家庭、朋友与周围的人；8人际交往；7A-1Thisisme!(pp.16-17Introduceyourself)7B-2Neighbours(pp.28-29Helpingeachother)8A-1Friends(pp.16-17Mybestfriend)8B-6Sunshineforall(pp.90-91Givingahelpinghand)9A-1Knowyourself(pp.18-19Aformalrecommendation)9A-4Growingup(pp.60-61Thepersonwhohasintroducedmemost)9B-2Greatpeople(pp.32-33Agreatperson)2)Schoollifeandhobbies应用：4日常活动；5学校；6个人兴趣；7情感与情绪；19语言学习；7A-3Welcometohourschool!!(pp.40-41Myschool)7A-4Myday(pp.52-53Mylikesanddislikes)7B-7Ablilities(pp.90-91Arecommendationletter)7B-2Schoollife(pp.28-29Myidealschool)8A-4Doityourself(pp.52-53ADIYstory)8B-4Agoodread(pp.60-61Asurveyonreadinghabits)9A-3Teenageproblems(pp.46-47Stressamongteenagers)3)Entertainmentandculture应用：3居住环境；10节假日活动；11购物；12饮食；16文娱与体育；18通讯；23历史与社会；24故事与诗歌7A-2Let’splaysports(pp.28-29Ilovesports!)7A-5Let’scelebrate!(pp.66-67Myfavouritefestival)7A-6Foodandlifestyle(pp.78-79Healthylifestyle)7A-7Shopping(pp.90-91Let’sgoshopping)\n7A-8Fashion(pp.102-103Designingclothes)7B-5Amazingthings(pp.66-67Amazingthings)7B-6Outdoorfun(pp.78-79MoreofAliceinWonderland)8B-5Goodmanners(pp.76-77Tablemanners)8B-7Internationalcharities(pp.90-91Charitywork)9A-2Colours(pp.32-33Coloursandmoods)9A-5Artworld(pp.76-77TheartformIlikebest)9A-6TVprogrammes(pp.90-91CreatingaTVdramascript)9A-7Films(pp.104-105Myfavouritefilmstar)9A-8Detectivestories(pp.118-119Adetectivestory)4)Placesandtravelling应用：9计划与安排；17旅游与交通；7B-1Dreamhomes(pp.16-17Mydreamhome)7B-3WelcometoSunshineTown!(pp.40-41Myhometown)7B-4Findingyourway(pp.52-53Givedirectionstoyourhome)8A-3Adayout(pp.40-41Abigdayout)8B-2Travelling(pp.32-33Mybestholiday)8B-3Onlinetours(pp.46-47Introducingacountry)8B-1Pastandpresent(pp.18-19Changesinmyhometown)9B-1Aisa(pp.18-19MyfavouriteAsiancountry)5)Natureandenvironment应用：14安全与救护；15天气；20自然；21世界与环境；7B-8Pets(pp.102-103Mfavouritepet)8A-5Wildanimals(pp.66-67Areportonananimalindanger)8A-6Birdwatching(pp.78-79Makinganapplication)8A-7Seasons(pp.90-91Myfavouriteseason)8A-8Naturaldisasters(pp.102-103Anaturaldisaster)8B-8Agreenworld(pp.118-119Goinggreen)6)Futureandscience应用：13卫生与健康；22科普知识与现代技术9B-3Robots(pp.48-49Acomplaintletter)9B-4LifeonMars(pp.62-63AguidetolivingonMars)