初中英语单词 QR S 14页

初高中词汇QR教学目标：1.初高中以QR字母开头的单词用法2.初高中重点句型应用教学重难点：1.初高中以QR字母开头的单词用法联合记忆2.初高中重点句型应用一.重点词汇及短语1.question【用法】n.问题；疑问【搭配】1.besidethequestion离题，在问题之2.outofthequestion没问题，毫无疑问3.outofthequestion不可能的，办不到的。4.putaquestiontosb.向某人担问题5.withoutquestion毫无疑问【辨析】trouble，problem，question，matterlquestion指主观存在的“疑惑、疑问”，所以是需要“回答answer的”；lproblem指客观存在的和遇到的疑难问题，有时指较严重的问题，所以是需要“解决（solve，workout）的ltrouble指遇到的“麻烦、问题”，指存在并有点棘手的问题；lmatter表示“事情，麻烦”，指具有某种特征的事例。【举例】Havinglivedinthetownforquiteafewyears,Mr.Johnsonnolongerfelt_____amongthelocalpeople.A.outoforderB.outofplaceC.outofcontrolD.outofthequestion2.raise【用法】v.暗举起；使升高【搭配】1.raiseone’seyes举目观看2.raiseone’svoiceagainstsb/sth坚决的发言而反对某人或某事物。【辨析】raise,rise,arise,arouse14\nrise,arise是不及物动词　　raise,arouse是及物动词lrise意为“升起，增高,增涨”-----rise（rose，risen）说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态。Thesunroseatseveno'clock.太阳七点钟升起。Theriverisrisingaftertherain.雨后河水涨了。larise意为“开始发生，出现，产生”--------arise（arose，arisen）常用短语：arisefrom/outofsth.由……引起；因……产生。Problemsarosefromtheoutset.一开始就产生了很多问题。larouse意为“激起，唤醒；使...奋发”1.arouseone’sinterest/sympathy“唤起某人的兴趣/同情心”2.arousesb.唤醒某人Hefellintoasoundsleep,don'tarousehim.他睡熟了，别唤醒他。lraisevt.说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。【举例】1.Lastyeartheadvertisingrate________by20percent.A.raisedB.arousedC.aroseD.rose2.Theyglassestothefriendshipbetweenthetwopeoples.他们举杯为两国人民的友谊干杯。3.Thisweightistooheavy;Ican'tit.这东西太重，我举不起来。4.Thelecturemyinterest.报告引起了我的兴趣。5.Salarieshavebeen。现在薪水已增加了。6.Seriouscomplicationsmayfromthissuddenchangeofplans.突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷。3.rather【用法】adv.宁可；最好【搭配】1.would/hadrather…than宁愿……而不愿：Hewould/hadratherstayathomethangoout.他宁愿呆在家也不愿出门2.rather…than与其……倒不如，不是……而是：He’dratherdrinkboiledwaterthancoffee.他宁愿喝开水也不愿喝咖啡。14\nHeisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.与其说他是个哲学家不如说他是个艺术家注意：l注意：wouldrather…than词组中，后面接动词原形，但当wouldrather后跟从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用过去时表示现在或将来要做的事：e.g.Iwouldratherthatwestoppednow.我宁可现在停下来。4.reach【用法】v.伸出；延伸；到达相当于【搭配】1.getto/arrivein/arriveat2.reachone’shand出手3.reachsb.Sth.给某人某物4.witheasyreachof在容易达到……的地方：在……的附近5.realise(realize)【用法】n.&v意识；认知；意识到；认识到.（不用于被动语态）【辨析】realize/understandl这两个词是近义词，在一起比较一般和含义是“意识到”，“弄明白”，常常可以互换使用。Youdon’tunderstand/realizewhatadifficultpositionI’min.你不会明白我的处境多么困难。lrealize也可以表示“实现”：TheChinesepeoplearesuretorealizethemodernizationoftheircountry.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。lunderstand也可以表示“听懂，理解”TheEnglishunderstandthem.英国人说话都能互相听懂，可是他们讲话我却听不懂。6.receive【用法】v.接收；收到；接受；【搭配】1.receivesthfromsb2.receivealetterfromsb=hearfromsb3.receivedopinion【拓展】adj公认为正确而普遍接受的n.receiver接受者，电话听筒14\n【辨析】get,receive,acceptlget侧重获得，主观意识强;还可以做系动词，解释为使得.../变得....(没有被动形式)Igotagiftfrommymother。我从妈妈那获得了一件礼物Igothimbored我惹恼他了Igottired我(变得)好累lreceive侧重收到，指的是客观。Ireceivedanotefromthebank我收到了银行通知单。laccept的意思是:认可/接受.反义词为refuse:拒绝Ireceivedagiftfromhim，butIdidn'tacceptit。我收到了一件他送的礼物，但是我们接受。【举例】1.Ifnoone____thephoneathome,ringmeatwork.A.answersB.returnsC.repliesD.receives2.Astheyhaven’tachildoftheirown,they’regoingto______alittlegirl.A.accept    B.receive   C.adapt    D.adopt3.Inthisseasideresort，youcan__________allthecomfortandconvenienceofmoderntourism．　A．enjoyB．applyC．receiveD．achieve7.remind【用法】v.提醒，使记起【举例】Ican’tthinkofhisname,canyouremindme?【搭配】remindsbof/aboutsth提醒某人某事remindsbtodosth提醒某人去做某事remindsb+that从句【演练】Tomremindthemanager______themeetingintheafternoon.A.ofB.atC.forD.toHeremindsher___theywoulddototheSummerPalacethisafternoon.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where8.require【用法】v.需要；规定(不用于进行时态)Allcarsrequiresservicingreqularly【搭配】makesomerequirements【拓展】n.requirement【辨析】demand request ask require14\nldemand表示有正当权利的要求，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。lrequire表示按照法规、权利提出的要求或命令，指客观需要。  Ihavedone all that is required by law。我已经按照法律规定把一切做好。lrequest则表示“有礼貌的请求或正式的请求”。at  one’s request / by  request  of  sb. Manypeoplehaverequestedthenextsong.许多人要求听下面这首歌。lask一般用的比较多，比较通俗，语气也较客气。The teacherasked you to be absent。 老师要求你不在场.urequire和request都可以接宾语+todo，而demand没有此种用法。urequire+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand和request无此种用法。【举例】Hisrequest____helphasbeenrejectedbytheboard.A.of  B.from   C.on   D.for9.return【用法】v.回；返回；【搭配】1.returnsth.tosb.带回或送回某物。2.returnafavor回报3.returnto返回4.Manyhappyreturns!祝你长寿！5.returnblowforblow以牙还牙6.returnthanks答谢10.right【用法】n.&adj.公正的；正确的：【搭配】1.allright同意，赞同2.dotherightthing做得好3.rightaway立刻，马上4.righthere就在这里5.rightnow就在现在6.byrights按理；照理7.intheright有里14\n11.run(ran,run)【用法】v.跑；逃避经营【搭配】1.runaftersb追赶某人2.runawayfromsb突然离开某人或某处3.runintosb偶然遇见某人4.runoutofsth/runsthout用完，耗尽5.runacross碰到，遇到6.runfor竞选【拓展】名词：runner【举例】1.Ilearnedto____abicycleasasmallboy.A.rideB.driveC.operateD.run2.Ifyoudrivesofast,you’ll_______someonesomeday.3.Hedidn’twantto_______president(in)thatyear.Thethief______assoonashecouldinordertoescapefrombeingcaught.4.I’ve_______myink.5.Ihappenedto_______XiaoLiinthestreet.6.Inthatwayyou’llonly_______difficulties.12.rush【用法】v.冲；奔腾Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.学生们从教室里冲出来。【搭配】1.rushinto冲进去2.rushoutof冲出来3.runintodoingsth仓促行事一.重要句型句型41：havegonetoWhere'she？He'sgonetoWashington．他在哪儿？他去华盛顿了。句型42：befamousforHawaiiisfamousforitsbeautifulbeaches．夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43：Nomatter＋疑问句＋主句14\nNomatterwhenyoucome，youarewelcomed．无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。句型44：beafraid（of／todo／that．．．）I'mafraidnot．恐怕不能。Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakeswhenspeakingEnglish．当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。He'safraidtogooutatnight．晚上他不敢出去。I'mafraidthathecan'tcomeheretomorrow．恐怕他明天不能来这儿。句型45：．．．as．．．aspossible／．．．as．．．assb．canIhopetoseehimassoonaspossible．我希望能尽快见到他。Heranhereasfastashecould．他尽最大努力跑到这儿。句型46：practise／enjoy／finishdoingAyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMrGreen．一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。Tomenjoysplayingfootballverymuch．汤姆很喜欢踢足球。Hefinishedreadingthestorybook．他看完了那本故事书。句型47：It'ssaidthat．．．It'ssaidthatoneofthemostdangeroussharksistheGreatWhiteShark．据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。句型48：Notall／everyone．．．Notallsharksarealike．并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Noteveryonelikesdumplings．并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。句型49：bebasedonHisargumentisbasedonfacts．他的论断是以事实为根据的。句型50：．．．sothat．．．Putthetreeintheholesothatitisstraight．把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。一.重点语法非谓语动词I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构14\n不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,considercan’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）14\ntrytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意识是，意味着）can’thelptodo（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于itMydreamistobecomeateacher.14\n不定式把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.Teachingismyjob.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.(常见分词有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)一.课后练习（一）词汇填空1.  Johnlooks__________(sad)becausehelosthisbike.2.  Thestudentsgotpoormarksthistime,sotheirteachertoldthemtobe___________(care)nexttime.3.  Doyouknowwho___________(inventor)theelectriclight?4.  Thankyouverymuchforyour__________(kind).5. The___________(young)ofthetwoladiesisourEnglishteacher.6.  WehopethattheNewYearwillbringus__________(health).7.   Theoldwomanlooksmuch_________(happy)now.8.   Chaplinwasoneof_______(famous)__________(act)intheworld.9.   Maryusedtobea__________(wait)ofthisrestaurant.10.  Jack’s__________(recite)wasthebestatyesterday’sparty.11.    Shealwaysgoestoschool__________(hurry).12.    Hi,girls,comehereto_______,therearetwo_______(sit)here.13.    Hewasagreat______andhe____alotoffamouspictures.(paint)14.    Myparentsusuallygo________(shop)onSundays.14\n15.    Howmany_________(play)arethereinafootballteam?16.    Youarelate.Pleasecome__________(early)nexttime.17.    Theygotomovies_________(two)aterm.18.    _________(luck),I’vegotalovelypresent.19.    Look,he’swaitingatthegate__________(worry).20.    Weare_________(real)happythatyourfamilyhavecome.（二）语法练习1.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatch_____.A.torepairbicycles       B.bicyclestoberepairedC.bicyclesbeingrepaired   D.repairingbicycles2. ---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?　---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.A.tochange;tobe         B.tochange;beingC.changing;being     D.changing;tobe3.Thedog,_____,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperly    B.beingtrainedproperly  C.properlytotrain    D.trainedproperly4._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit. A.Havingstolen       B.Havingbeenstolen  C.Stolen          D.Stealing5._____thefrontdoor_____,hehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.A.Seen;painted       B.Seeing;paintedC.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted6.Andthere,almost_____inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.A.havinglost    B.losing       C.tobelost     D.lost7.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put      B.tobeputting       C.toput      D.putting8.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.A.thatyoufinishquickly B.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquickly     D.finishquickly9.Theoldfarmer,_____thebadlyinjuredandburntsoldier,cameoutoftheburningfarmhouse,callingcontinuouslyforhelp.14\n A.supporting                B.havingsupported    C.beingsupportedby         D.beingsupported10.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.A.itmarked      B.marking     C.marked    D.tomark11.Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacar_____inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuck        B.stuck      C.sticking          D.stick12.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_____theproblem_____.A.tosolve;beingtalkedabout      B.solving;discussingC.tosolve;totalkabout     D.solving;beingdiscussed13.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.A.tohavediscovered    B.tohavebeendiscovered C.todiscover        D.havingbeendiscovered14.Thethieffelltotheground,hisleftfoot_____andblood_____downfromhismouth.A.breaking;running         B.broken;running    C.breaking;run             D.broken;run15.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes_____onthescreen.A.tofix      B.tobefixed      C.fixed       D.fixing16.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.havingheard             B.tohear    C.hearing                  D.beingheard17._____,thesubjectwasalwaysinmymind.A.Walkingorsleeping      B.Walkingorslept      C.Havingwalkedorslept   D.Towalkandsleep18.---Didyougetadictionary?       ---No,I_____,buttherewerenotany_____.A.tried;tobeleft        B.hadtriedto;leaving  　C.triedto;left          D.hadtried;haveleft19.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself_____onachair,withhishands_____back.A.tosit;tying           B.sitting;tying    C.seating;tied           D.seated;tied14\n20.ThejoketoldbyTommadeus_____,sotheteachercouldn’tmakehimself_____.A.tolaugh;hearing      B.laughing;heard  　C.laughing;hear    D.laughed;heard21.Alloftheflowersnow_____herehavedevelopedfromthoseonce_____intheforest.A.raised;grown            B.rising;growing 　C.raised;growing          D.rising;grown22.Henrycan’tattendtheparty_____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_____atMarie’shousetomorrow.A.held;beingheld           B.tobeheld;tobeheldC.tobeheld;held           D.beingheld;tobeheld23.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.A.prepare        B.preparing   C.prepared       D.havingprepared24.Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_____andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.A.typed;send           B.totype;tosend  　C.type;send       D.typed;tosend25.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythingthere_____morebeautiful.A.making;look          B.tomake;looked    C.andmade;looking    D.andmaking;belooked26.Howcouldhegettheplan_____withoutanyonetosupporthim?A.tocarryout             B.carryout 　C.carryingout            D.carriedout27.Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.A.beingfullyaccepting     B.fullyaccepting   　C.havingfullyaccepted     D.fullyaccepted28.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_____offhermind.A.taking          B.taken      C.take        D.tobetaken29.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____thepossiblemistakesinit.A.beingcorrected       B.tocorrect    　C.corrected           D.havingcorrected30._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.Wedidnotmake         B.Havingnotmade     C.Wehadnotmade   D.Nothavingmade14\n14