初中英语复习1--名词 7页

初中英语复习——名词ltzzjr考纲要求1．了解名词复数形式的构成规则。2．能识别名词所有格，如Mary'sbook，Children’sPalace，teacher'soffice等。3．能认识专有名词。4．能熟练运用常用的不可数名词，如water，rice，milk等。可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：①特殊变化：man—men;woman—women;child—children；foot—feet;tooth—teeth；mouse(鼠)—mice；policeman—policemen；Englishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;JapaneseB、规则变化1）s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加seg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]eg.knives[naivz]4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]5)一般加s浊就浊[z]eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]但注意以下几点：①以o结尾的除potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes外，其余都加s.②reef—reefs;giraffe,scarf可加s，可按规则变。③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数mandoctor—mendoctors,womandriver(复数)_______________其余的只变后边一名词bananatree---bananatrees,boystudent(复数)_______________\n*sports,clothes,goods做定语时,仍用复数形式asportsbagagoodstrain服装店__________________（）1.Therearethree___________assistantsinthat_______shop.A.women,capB.woman,capC,woman,capsD.women,caps（）2.Hewenttothe__________tobuyapairofshoes.AshoesstoreBshoestoreCshoe’sstoreDshoes’store④“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans⑤有些名词后以s结尾，但他们不是复数a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news是不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations(联合国)应视为单数。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。eg."TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。*people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念eg.Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.TheChinesepeople___________(love)peace.2、名词所有格：名词’s(意思是“…的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲______________________________________2)以s结尾的词只加“’”eg.theboys’booksTeachers’DayJames的父亲_____________父亲节_________________3)姓氏名词或职业名词后的’s多表示住所或职业场地e.g,atUncleWang’s,attheteacher’s,在医务室____________在牙科诊所________________4)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg.thelegofthedesk5)双重所有格：afriendofmyfather’s\nafriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)()1.Lucyis______________sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s()2.Thetwobedroomsarethe___________.AtwinsBtwin’sCtwins’Dtwins()3.Mrs.Blackisafriendof_________________.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.mother’sofMaryD.Marymother’s3、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：①液体类(water)：juice(果汁),tea（茶）,soup（汤）,milk（牛奶）,cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）,orange(桔汁)②肉类(meat)：fish(鱼肉);chicken(鸡肉)；beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）③：食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜），rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),bread（面包）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）,junkfood（垃圾食品）④其他：money(钱);medicine（药）;air（空气）;snow（雪）;rain(雨)；cotton（棉花）;paper(纸);glass(玻璃)hair（头发）⑤抽象名词类：music(音乐);weather（天气）；time(时间)；work（工作）news（新闻,消息）,information（信息）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health（健康）,不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数little;alittle;some/any;much;alotof一些鸡肉_______________许多雨________________太多家务活_____________大量信息________________\n①个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条…）,或用of短语②容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,③类别单位词：kind(种、类)④度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)当单位词前数词是“二”或以上时单位词用复数。eg.apieceofmusictwopiecesofnews三瓶牛奶__________________五千克大米_____________________一条新闻__________________两块肉_________________eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.manyThereissome_______ontheplate.A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deerThemaniscarryingtwo________riceonhisbike.A.bagofB.bagsC.bagsofD.bag*4.数词+名词+形容词构，成复合形容词，中间名词只保留单数形式，中间加连字符,构成复合形容词修饰名词。eg,ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk,两米长的直尺_______________,三个星期的假期_______________*three-weekholiday=threeweeks’holiday当前有冠词a/an时，一般用合成形容词。eg.Wehaveathree-weekholidayeveryyear.Weoftengosightseeinginourthreeweeks’holiday.（）Themodelplanewasmadebya__________boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold\n练习一、写出下列词的复数1.book___________2.bus____________3.orange____________4.baby___________5.boy_____________6.my_____________7.his_____________8.knife___________9.watch______________10.sheep_________11.tooth_________12.leaf_____________13.German_____________14.Chinese_________二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1．Thetwogirlsare(Japan).2.The(baby)areasleep3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?4.The(child)arewashingtheir(foot).5.Therearetwo(people)andlotsof(sheep)inthefields.6.September10is(teacher)Day.7.Ithinkphysics(be)moreinterestingthanmaths.8.Don’tyouthinkthe(radio)aretoonoisy?9.Whose(knife)arethese?10.“Whosehouseisthis?”“It’sthe(Smith)”.选择正确的答案()1.—Arethose______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges()3.Ihavegot_______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.averygoodB.anyC.apieceofD.twopieces()4._________roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk\n()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.AllanC.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen()7.JackandTomare__________.A.goodfriendsB.goodfriendC.agoodfriendD.goodafriend()8.Thereisa——overtheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright.A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holidayC.two-monthsholidayD.twomonth’sholidays()12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.A.worksB.jobC.workD.working()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.A.IsisterB.mysister’sC.mesisterD.mysisterof()14.Whatyouneedismore　——.Don’talwaysdoyour——atyourdesk.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exersisesB.C.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes()16.Allthe——teachersand——studentsarehavingaparty.A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.woman’steacher找错，改错1,Pleasegivemeapaper.2,Myglassesisbroken.\n3,ThisisaMary'sdictionary.4,MayIborrowtworadioes?5,Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.6,Don'teattoomuchmeats.7,Therearemanyfruitintheshop.8,ItisJone'sandMary's.9,Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.10,Myfatherisagoodcooker.11,Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.12,TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.13,Let'sgotouncleWangforsupper.15,Yourfamilyisverykindtome.16,WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.17,Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.18,Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.19,Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.20,Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedon'tneedthem.21,Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.22,ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.23,Tom'sandMary'sfamilyarewaitingforus.24,Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.25,Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.