初中英语语法4数词 10页

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  • 2022-08-15 发布

初中英语语法4数词

  • 10页
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数词一、本周内容概述表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。二、重点知识归纳及讲解(一)基数词基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。1one11eleven100ahundred2two12twelve20twenty1000athousand3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,000amillion4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000ahundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1,000,000,000abillion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten说明:1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如:81eighty-one。4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如:691sixhundredandninety-one。5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。如:5893fivethousandeighthundredandninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。7.多位数的读法:1)1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗号前是athousandmillion或abillion(十亿)。2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。如:888,000,000读作:eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion。(二)、基数词的用法1.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目。在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词(hundred,thousand,million,billion)不能在词尾加-s。例如:twohundredstudents二百个学生fivethousandyears五千年2.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目,在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词词尾加-s,要与of短语连用。3.基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,它在句子中可充当主语,宾语,表语和定语。例如:Threeandfiveiseight.3+5=8主语表语Howmanyorangesdoyouwant?你要多少桔子?Iwanteight.我要八个。宾语Thereareeightboatsinthelake.湖里有八条小船。定语(三)序数词\n表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。请见下表:第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth说明:1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。2.表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。4.少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。注意:1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如:第一:(the)first=1st第二:(the)second=2nd第三:(the)third=3rd第五:(the)fifth=5th第九十七:(the)ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一:(the)onehundred(and)first=101st2.编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。例如:第一课:LessonOne第三十二页:Page32第305房间:Room305第12路公共汽车:BusNo.12五、序数词的用法序数词和基数词一样,也能起名词或形容词作用,在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如:Thefirstisbiggerthanthesecond.第一个比第二个大。主语Givemethefirst.把第一个给我。宾语She’softetnhefirsttogotoschool.她经常第一个去上学。表语We’regoingtolearntheeighthlesson.我们将要学习第八课。定语六、年、月、日和时间的表达法1.年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。例如:1999nineteenninety-nine\n2000twothousand2001twothousandandone2.月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如:一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月April(Apr.),五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)。3.日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如:在6月1日:onJune1st读作:onJunethefirst.年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。例如:在2001年5月4日:onMay4th,2001。4.年代用基数词的复数表示。例如:20世纪90年代:nineteennineties21世纪20年代:twentytwenties5.时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如:顺读法倒读法5:00five(o’clock)6:18sixeighteen,eighteenpastsix12:15twelvefifteen,fifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve4:30fourthirty,halfpastfour5:50fivefifty,tentosix6:45sixforty-fiveaquartertoseven注意:1)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock也(可不加)。表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用o’cloc。k2)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。3)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。例如:8:20twentypasteight8:40twentytonine6.分数的表达法1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用复数。2)小数的读法:小数点前面的数按照基数词的读法,小数点后面的数按照数本身读,小数点读point。例如:0.38zeropointthreeeight96.89ninety-sixpointeightnine3)百分数,在数词后加percent。例如:15%读作:fifteenpercent60%读作:sixtypercent7.表示语数1)⋯几倍大小(长短,数量)=⋯几倍(或分数)+thesize(length,amount)。例如:Theearthisforty-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。2)⋯比⋯几倍=⋯倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比部分。例如:\nHishouseisthreetimesbiggerthanmine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。3)⋯是⋯倍=⋯倍数(或分数)+as+形容词+as+被比部分。例如:Thisfactoryisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。8.表示约数1)“多于”用morethan或over。例如:Thestreetisover(morethan)500metreslong.这条街有500多米长。2)“小于”用lessthan。例如:Threearelessthan30peopleintheclassroom.教室里不到三十人。3)“或⋯以上”用ormore。例如:Thebuildingcanhold5000peopleormore.那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。4)“或⋯以下”用orless。例如:Wecanfinishtheworkintwoweeksorless.我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。5)“大约”用about,around,nearly等。例如:Theboxweighsabout50pounds.这箱子重约50镑。6)“左右”用orso.例如:Inthepasttenyearsorso,theyhavechangedalot.在过去的十年里,他们改变了许多。三、随堂监测A组I.写出下列基数词相应的序数词:1.one__________2.two_________3.three_________4.five________96.89eight__________6.nine_________7.twelve_________8.twenty__________9.thirty-one__________10.forty-four___________11.fifty-seven____________II.把下列短语译成英语:1.第12课________________________2.304号房间_______________________3.半小时________________________4.每日三次_______________________5.第25页_______________________6.20世纪90年代___________________7.4路公共汽车_____________________8.第15中学_____________________9.21世纪_________________________10.两吨半______________________11.差一刻三点_____________________12.第二册________________________13.在他五十几岁时___________________14.二年级八班____________________15.10:45_____________________________16.第十五单元____________________17.第三册第十三课_______________________18.三分之一__________________19.三百英镑_________________________20.1994年3月22日__________________四、随堂监测B组III.选择填空:\n0.38333reads___________.A.threehundredandthirtythreeB.threehundredsandthirty-three C.threehundredandthirty-threeD.threehundredthirty-three0.39The_______monthoftheyearisFebruary.A.oneB.firstC.twoD.second0.40Thebeautifulskirtsareonshowintheshop,Janelikes_______. A.theninthB.theninethC.nineD.ninth0.41Ittookme_______tofinishmyhomework.A.ahalfandtwohourB.twohourandahalf C.twoandahalfhourD.twoandahalfhours0.42Decemberisthe_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelvethC.twelviethD.twelfth0.43Tombought______forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes0.44Thereare_______secondsinaminute.A.fourtyB.fortyC.sixteenD.sixty0.45LinTaogetsupat______inthemorning.A.halfpastsixB.sixpasthalfC.pasthalfsixD.halfsixpast0.46December______isChristmas.A.twenty-fiveB.thetwenty-fifthC.thetwentieth-fiveD.twentieth-fifth0.47Thereare_____starsintheuniverse.A.millionsB.millionofC.millionsofD.million0.48Mondayisthe_______dayoftheweek.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third0.49Mr.Blacklefthere_____ago.A.halfahourB.halfanhourC.anhalfhourD.ahalfhours0.50Thereare_____studentsintheirschool.A.ninehundredB.ninehundredsC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof0.51Thereare_____wordsinthetextofthe_____Lesson.A.hundredof,FifthB.ahundredof,FivethC.hundredsof,FifthD.hundredsof,Fiveth0.52Wehadlearnedabout_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.ninehundredsandforty-fiveB.ninehundredsofandforty-fiveC.ninehundredandforty-fiveD.ninehundredandfourty-fiveIV.中考题集:96.89About______peopleareinthePeople’sParkatweekends.A.twohundredsB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.hundredof96.90ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)shouldbe_____higherthandownstream(下游). A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters96.91Inourschoolseveral_____studentsareabletosearchtheInternetforusefulinformationnow.A.hundredofB.hundredsforC.hundredD.hundreds96.92Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI? A.21B.22C.23D.2496.93WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_______. A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,192296.94Lookatthemenu:SNACKSHamburger$2.60Orangejuice$1.20Hotdog$2.15Coffee$1.00Icecream$2.00Cokeregular$0.75\nPopcorn$1.00large$1.00Jeffwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandicecream.Howmuchwillhepay?A.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Threedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.0.38---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo_______.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof0.39Thefilmstarisgoingtospend______dollarsonanewdressforthecomingparty.A.threethousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.threethousandsof0.40Thereare______doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof0.41---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?---________,butI’mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred0.42Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen96.89_______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred96.90TheGamesof______Olympiadin2008willbeheldinthecityofBeijing.A.29B.the29C.29thD.the29th96.91FanZhiyi’stransfertoDundeeFootballClubattheendoflastyeararou_s_e_d___Chinesepeople’sinterest.A.thousandofB.thousandC.thousandsofD.thousands96.92About______filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds96.93---Doyouhaveenoughmentocarrythesechairs?---No.Ithinkweneed______men.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore96.94---Canyouwritethenumbereightfivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?---Yes,itis_____________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.5862696.95Therere’______studentsinourgrade.A.hundredsofB.threehundredsofC.threehundredsD.threehundreds’96.96______oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,_______ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber,firstthirdB.Thenumber,onethirdC.Anumber,halfD.Anumber,threequarters96.97_______GermanscometovisitChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousand1、写出以下数字的序数词一,二,三,五,九,十二,20,342、写出一—十二月份:3、选择填空:\n0.38Couldyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211?A.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousands,twohundredelevenB.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousand,twohundredandelevenC.eighteenmillions,threehundredsixthousands,twohundredsandelevenD.eighteenthousand,threehundredandsix,twohundredeleven0.39Shakespearewasbornin______A.1660sB.1660’sC.the1660sD.the1660’s0.40Billsaidtheyweregoingtohave_____holiday。A.atwo-weeks’B.atwo-weekC.twoweeksD.twoweeks0.41Over______ofthearticlesoneducationhavebeenpublished。A.twothirdsB.twothirdC.secondsthree D.secondsthird0.42Myfatherlefthomeatabout__。A.sixthirtyB.thirtysiC.thirtytosixD.sixpastthirty0.43Weallthinkthatthe______centurywillbringusmorehopesA.twenty-firstB.twentieth-first C.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one7.——What’syourroomnumber? ——It’s______A.The601RoomB.601RoomC.TheRoom601D.Room60196.89______thestudentsusuallysurfontheInternetandgetinformationA.60percentsof\nB.60percentC.60percentofD.60percents0.38Several_______newbooksweresoldoutlastweekA.ofthousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousand0.39Whichisright?A.2009,June25B.25thJune,2009C.June25,2009D.June25st,20090.40Tomorrowismy________birthdayA.sixteenB.sixteenthC.thesixteenth D.thesixteen0.41Wehavestayedatthisschoolfor_______Whichfollowingchoiceiswrong?A.twoandahalfyears B.twoyearsandahalf C.twoyearsandhalfayear D.bothAandB4、写出以下正确情势:九年级二班96.89第七排96.90515房间96.91在二层楼96.922009年二月14日96.9350千米长的大桥96.94在第46页96.95第一中学\n0.38四分之三0.3949\n

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