初中英语非谓语动词讲解 7页

...非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1）作主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.[说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g.Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2）作表语（表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。）e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3）作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4）作定语：e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5）作状语：e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.[说明]动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形构成e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g.(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了to的动词不定式1）let,have,make+do2）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。e.g.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter+do4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1）too⋯to⋯+todo：e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2）enoughtodo：e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3）Whynot+doe.g.Whynottakeaholiday?4）soas(not)todo:表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的难点：1）用作介词的“to”：比如说lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto，后面都是+doing的！2）It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的区别1...\n...二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。[说明]有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,。6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g.asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observee.g.1）TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2）Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。3．动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：begintodobegindoingcontinuetodocontinuedoingstarttodostartdoing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing【专练】1.Don'tforget_________theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil2...\n...1.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought2.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking3.He______twomillionyuan______avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyB.cost,buyingC.paid,buyD.spent,buying4.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim5.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing6.________isonething,________isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Said,didD.Tosay,do7.I’lltry________thesamemistakesagain.A.tonotmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking8.It’stoohard________itbyhimself.A.nottodoB.todoC.thatIdoD.doing9.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes10.‘.MZhrou,you’dbetter______toomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,’saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat1．Ifyoukeep________(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.2．Thestudentsarebusy________(prepare)forthecomingexam.3．Hisdutyis________(save)thesickpeople.4．Ihavenothing___________(send)you.5．Theyweremade___________(work)tenhoursaday.6．Nooneknowswhat___________(do)next.【提高题】I.选择题。1.Thedoctorcame______oureyes.A.toexamineB.forexaminingC.astoexamineD.examining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked3._______ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.A.CleaningB.CleanCleanedD.Toclean4._______isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveB.This,givingC.It,togiveD.It,giving5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.A.tohaveB.forhavingC.haveD.ofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.A.tolet,takeB.tolet,totakeC.letting,takeD.let,take3...\n...1.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.A.lendingB.lentC.tolendD.inlending2.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talkingB.tohear,talkingC.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talked3.Ihaven'tdecided________A.totakewhichtrainB.whichtotakeatrainC.whichtraintotakeD.whichtraintaken4.Youmustremember____meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togiveC.gaveD.give5.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents______English,andhelearned______Chinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speakingB.howtospeak,tospeakC.howspeaking,speakingD.howspeak,tospeak6.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.tellingB.ItoldC.toldD.totell7.Iwonder_________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinvite8.Ihope_________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage9.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere?—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow10.Theoldmansaidthathe'dprefer______aloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.livingB.toliveC.thathelivesD.forhimtolive11.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow12.Sincenobodytoldher______,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedidB.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodo13.Myauntshowedme_____.A.howtomakeadressB.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmade14.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done15.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive16.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto17.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totakeB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotake18.Weenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran4...\n...1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff2.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest3.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totellD.iftelling4.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methathegot5.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegaveB.togiveC.givingD.gave.6._________thatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.A.ForgettingB.GetC.SoastogetD.Inordertoget7.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocookB.oldenoughtocookC.oldenoughforcookingD.enougholdcooking8.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.A.so,astoworkoutB.very,toworkoutC.too,toworkoutD.quite,workedout9.LastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.comingB.cameC.tocomeD.come10.Haveyouanythingimportant____us?A.totellB.tellingC.toldusD.youtell11.—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202—Yes.Hewasthesixthman_____onthemoon.A.walkingB.walkedC.towalkD.ofwalking12.Itisnice________her__________so.A.for,tosayB.for,sayingC.of,tosayD.of,said13.Isn'titaniceway_____thehardproblem?A.tosolveB.insolvingC.solveD.solving14.You'dbetter_________heraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotellB.nottellC.tonottellD.totellnot15.Whatacoincidence!Dr.Brownhappened_______thedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewasB.beingC.tobeD.tobeingII.填空题。1.Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater____________________(为了不污染河流).2.Herjobis_________________.(照顾医院里患病的孩子)3.Inthesupermarketthecollegestudentslearned____________________.(如何为顾客服务)4.ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidn'tknow____________________.(挑选哪一个).5.Theonlytroubleis_____________________.(如何保护这些电脑)6.Hewillsavemoney_____________________________.(为了支付将来的大学费用)7.Thenurse__________________________________.(不允许孩子们玩火柴)5...\n...1.Thismedicinewill________________.(帮你入睡)2.Theywillbesent_______________(到非洲当医疗队员).3.Theboyaskedhisteacher__________________________.(让他自己修理冰箱)4.Thequestionis__________________.(是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).5.Thistelephoneis_____________________.(足够小可以放进口袋)6.Thisbookwilltellyou______________________.(如何使这台电脑储存信息)7.I________________________.（没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）8.Itisnoteasy______________________________.(一个人戒烟)9.Youcantakeataxithere________________________.(而不是步行去)10.Theundergroundtrainis________________________.(足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场).11.Thelecturehallis__________________.（太小容纳不下500个学生）12.Juliahurriedtoschool__________________________.(没有吃早餐).13.Itoldthestudents__________________________.（不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）14.Thomas____________________________________.(有许多问题要问老师)15.Doyouknowthesaying“_______________________.”（活到老学到老）16.Jacksaw_____________________.(牛跑回来)17.Athensranalltheway__________________________________(把好消息告诉他的人民).18.Hewasthefirstman___________________________________.(骑骑自行车做环球旅行)19.Theyenjoy____________________________________.(爬山和野营)20.Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked_____________________________(我们停止讲话).21._____________________(在一个半小时内做完这份试卷)isalmostimpossible.22.Wewerehappy________________________________.(看到他们回到营地)23.Wouldyoumind_______________________________.？(我在你办公室打电话)6...\n...答案：I.1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.A8.C9.B1.C11.B12.B13.D14.B15.D16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B40.CII.1.soasnottopollutetherivers2.totakecareofthesickchildreninthehospital3.howtoservecustomers4.whichtochoose5.howtoprotectthesecomputers6.soastopaythecollegeexpensesinthefuture7.didn'tallowthechildrentoplaywithmatches8.helpyoutogotosleep9.toworkinAfricaasmembersofamedicalteam10.tolethimrepairthefridgehimself11.whetherornottoletthechildrensolvetheproblemthemselves12.smallenoughtofitintoapocket13.howtomakethiscomputerstoreinformation14.failedtoanswerthelastquestioninthetestpaper15.foronetogiveupsmoking16.insteadofwalking17.fastenoughtomovefromourschooltothestadiumintwentyminutes18.toosmalltoholdfivehundredstudents19.withouthavingbreakfast20.nottothrowthecansanddrinksbottlesintotheriver21.hadmanyquestionstoaskhisteacher22.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn23.thebullrunback24.totellhispeoplethegoodnews25.totravelaroundtheworldonhisbicycle26.climbingmountainsandgoingonacampingtrip27.ustostoptalking28.Tofinishdoingthetestpaperinoneandahalfhours29.toseethemreturntothecampsite30.mymakingatelephonecallinyouroffice7...