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初中英语重要句型及语法1.wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth想做某事wantsbtodosth.=wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事2.enjoydoingsth.=likedongsth=lovedongsth喜欢做某事(习惯,爱好)liketodosth喜欢去做某事(具体某一次)
3.holdontodosth.继续做某事goondoingsth.继续做某事continuedoingsth.继续做某事
considerdoingsth.考虑做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事practicedoingsth练.习做某事finishdoingsth.完成某事have/has/hadfundoingsth某.事很快乐haveexperiencedoing在做某事有经验
begindoingsth开始做某事startdoingsth开始做某事spendtimedoingsth.花时间做某事
bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事makealivingdoingsth.以⋯⋯谋生.haveadifficulttimedoingsth.做⋯⋯.难haveaproblemdoingsth做.⋯⋯.难havetroubledoingsth做.⋯⋯.难keepondoingsth.=keepsb.doingsth不.停地做某事4.begoodatdoingsth擅长于做某事dowellindoingsth擅长于做某事thankyoufordoingsth感谢做某事thanksfordoingsth感谢做某事beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事howaboutdoingsth做某事怎样whataboutdoingsth做某事怎样
putoffdoingsth推迟做某事takeprideindoingsth.以⋯⋯为自豪bydoingsth通过做某事beafraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事beterrifiedofdoingsth.害怕做某事5.bedoingsth.正在做某事(现在进行时或过去进行时,也可以表示将来时)1\nbegoingtodosth=willdosth=shalldosth=wanttodosth打算做某事(将来时)have/hasdonesth做过某事(现在完成时)have/hasbeendoingsth一直做某事(现在完成进行时)have/hasbeenin一直在某地have/hasbeento曾经去过某地(已回来,强调有这个经历)
have/hasgoneto已经去某地了(人不在这里)6.remembertodosth记得去做某事(没做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)
forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(没做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)stoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事7.asksb.aboutsth向.某人询问某事asksb.forsth向.某人询求某物8.whynotdosth为什么不做某事whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做某事9.Dosth,please=pleasedosth请做某事pleasenotdosth请不要做某事
Don’tdosth,please请不要做某事hadbetterdosth最好做某事hadbetternotdosth最好不做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事mindnotdoingsth.介意不做某事decidetodosth决.定做某事decidenottodosth决.定不做某事
plantodosth计划做某事plannottodosth计划不做某事makesb.dosth.使某人做某事makesb.notdosth.使某人不做某事asksb.todosth叫某人做某事asksb.nottodosth叫某人不要做某事tellsb.todosth叫某人做某事tellsb.nottodosth叫某人不要做某事trytodosth.努力做某事trynottodosth.努力不做某事
Letsbdosth让某人做某事Letsbnotdosth让某人不做某事expectsb.todosth期望某人做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事2\n11.agreesb.todosth同.意某人做某事invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事hopetodosth希望做某事needtodosth需.要做某事12.helpsbdosth=helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事13.findsbdosth发现某人做过某事(已做)findsbdoingsth发现某人正做某事seesbdosth看见某人做过某事(已做)
seesbdoingsth看见某人正做某事watchsbdosth看见某人做过某事(已做)watchsbdoingsth看见某人正做某事hearsbdosth听见某人做过某事(已做)hearsbdoingsth听见某人正做某事14.It’s+形容词+todosth.=Todosthis+形容词做⋯⋯是⋯⋯..的15.doingsth.takessb.Sometime/money做某事花某人一些时间或钱=Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.做某事花费某人一些时间或钱=sb.spendssometime/money(onsth某.)人花费某些时间或钱在某事上=sb.spendssometime/money(in)doingsth.某人花费某些时间或钱做某事
=sth.costssb.sometime/money某事花了某人一些时间或钱=sb.paysomemoneyforsth某.人为某物花了一些钱15.prefersb./sth更.喜欢某人/某物preferdoingsth.更喜欢做某事(爱好)prefertodosth.更喜欢去做某事(具体某一次)prefersb.todosth.更喜欢某人做某事preferdoingsthtodoingsth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth更.喜欢去做某事而不做某事.dosthratherthandosth做某事而不做某事或做某事胜于做某事16.anumberof=many许多thenumberof⋯.的数量,谓语是单数oneof+复数名词或代词表示“⋯⋯之一”18.becauseof+词/短语because+句子19.borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb借.给某人某物(借出)givesthtosb把某物给某人
=givesbsth给某人某物20.beusedtodoingsth习.惯于做某事beusedtodosth被用于做某事usedtodosth过去常做某事3\n21.makeacontributiontodoingsth.为..做贡献lookforwardtodoingsth.期盼做某事22.what+(a/an)+形+名+(主语+谓语)!how+形+(主语+谓语)!Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘!
Whatbadweatheritis!真糟糕的天气!Howdeliciousthefoodis!好美味的食物!23.toomuch+名词,表示“太多⋯⋯”muchtoo+形容词或副词,表示“太⋯⋯”24.open—open打开—开着的sleep—asleep睡觉—睡着的close—closed关闭—关着的wake—awake醒来—醒着的cross—across动词—介词25.infrontof在物体内部的前面inthefrontof在物体外部的前面26.inthetree外来物在树上onthetree树本身物在树上27.hundred,thousand,million在具体数字前不能加s,表示概数时:hundredsof数百,thousandsof数千,millionsof数万。28.完成时常和already已经,ever曾经,never从不,just刚刚,before之前,yet还,sofar到目前为止,thesedays目前,since自从,for达,计等词连用。
结构是“have/hasdonest”h或“have/hasbeendoingst”h11.since+时间点,常和ago连用,for+一段时间,不能和ago连用,动词必须是延续性的如:keep或be+形容
词等,注意:buy,borrow,lend,leave,die等是短暂性动词30.too+形容词或副词+todosth,表示“太⋯⋯而不能⋯⋯”so+形容词或副词+that+从句,表示“如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯.”31.except除了⋯⋯(减去后者)besides除了⋯⋯(加上后者)32.含有否定意义的单词有:no没有,never从不,nothing没事,nobody没人,none没事/没人,hardly几乎不,few很少,几乎没有,little很少,几乎没有。33.everyone,everything,something,anything,somebody,anybod等y是不定代词,不定代词做主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。动名词做主语时,谓语也用第三人称单数形式。34.形/副+enough,如:bigenough,busyenough不定代词+形/副,如:somethingdifferent,anythingwrong15.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越⋯⋯”“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越⋯⋯,就越⋯⋯”36.比较级前面常用much,even,alittle,far来修饰,绝不能用more来修饰.4\n11.be+动词ing,表示进行时或将来时。be+动词过去分词,表示被动语态,由by引出动作执行者.38.主句是一般过去式,从句也要用一般过去时,但从句是客观真理时要用一般现在时。从句要用陈述句语序。39.whether⋯⋯ornot是否
40.if是否if如果,引导条件状语从句时:主将从现,从现主将。(从句主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加s或es)15.表达与现在事实相反获与将来事实相反的时候用虚拟语气.从句:If+主语+动词的过去式(be的过去式一律用were)。主句:主语+would+动词原型。41.also,both,all要放在be后,行为动词前。如:WeareallChinese,WealllikeChina.我们都是中国人,我们爱中国。42.形容词通常放在be,keep,sound,look,fee,l的后面,副词修饰动词,放在动词的后面,如:Theproblemiseasy,Icandoiteasily以.下是形容词变为副词:good—welllucky—luckilyclear—clearlyalone—lonelyhappy—happilybad—badlyfriendly—friendlilypolite—politelyquick—quicklyslow—slowlyespecia—lespeciallyeasy—easily
careful—carefullynear—nearlysusessfu—lsusessfullyloud—loudly43.so+主语+助动词,表示“⋯..确实如此”44.Me,too=so+助动词+主语,用于肯定句,表示“⋯..也是”Meneither=Neither+助动词+主语=主语+助动词否定式,either,用于否定句.
如:IamChinese,Me,too=soamIIamnotJapanese,Meneither=NeitheramI=Iamnot,either.44.therebe某地有某物have/has某人有某物therewillbe=thereisgoingtobe将会有45.when+动词过去式(短暂性动词)while+be+动词ing(延续性动词)46.some和something用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句,希望得到肯定的回答。any和anything用于否定句和疑问句。47.基数词—序数词:one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdfive—fifthtwelve—twelftheight—eighthnine—ninthtwenty—twentieth48.星期:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday月份:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.49.季节:spring,summer,autumn,winter.50.good/well—better—best好—更好—最好bad/badly—worse—worst糟糕—更糟糕—最糟糕5\nmany/much—more—most多—更多—最多far—farther/further—farthest/furthest远—更远—最远little—less—least+不可数名词,少—更少—最少few—fewer—fewest+可数名词复数,少—更少—最少11.一般疑问句常以am/is—was,are—were,can—could,do/does—did
will—would,must—must,shall—should,have/has—had开头,用yes或
no回答.其否定式是:isn’t—wasn’taren’t—weren’tdon’t/doesn’t—didn’tcan’t—couldn’twon’t—wouldn’t
haven’t/hasn’t—hadn’tmust—mustn’tshould—shouldn’t
注意:must开头的疑问句不能用mustn’t回答,而用needn’t来回答。
52.选择疑问句用or连接,选择其中一个回答。15.特殊疑问句以疑问词开头:what什么?where在哪里?when什么时候?
whattime几点?Why为什么?how怎样?howold几岁?howmany多少?
howmuch多少?howoften多久时间一次howlong多久?(用for+一段时间回
答)howsoon多快(用in+一段时间回答),特殊疑问句根据具体情况回答.还
有whatcolor什么颜色?whatsize?什么尺寸?whatsubject什么科目?whatdo
youthinkof⋯..?=howdoyoulike⋯⋯?你认为⋯⋯怎么样?What’stheweather?=how’stheweatherlike?天气如何?16.drive—driverteach—teacherread—readerplay—player
write—writerlisten—listenersing—singerdance—dancer
invent—inventorvisit—visitoract—actorcook—cook17.wind—windysun—sunnycloud—cloudysnow—snowyrain—rainy18.China—ChineseJapan—JapaneseAmerica—AmericanCanada—CanadianAustralia—Australian19.Asia—AsianEurope—European20.people—peopleChinese—ChineseAmerican—Americanssheep—sheep
foot—feettooth—teethchild—childrenman—menwoman—womentomato—tomatoespotato—potatoeshero—heroesNegro—Negroes
leaf—leaveslife—livesthief—thievesknife—knivesshelf—shelves
self—selveswife—wiveswolf—wolves21.invent(发明)—invention(发明)—inventor(发明家)care(小心)—careful(小心的)—carefully(小心地)operate(手术)—operation(手术)help—helpful(有帮助的)friend(朋友)—friendly(友好的)happy(高兴的)—unhappy(不高兴的)usual(平常的)—unusual(不平常的)like(喜欢)—unlike(不喜欢)22.something,anything,somewhere,everyone,everything,eac等h是不定代词,不定代词要放在形容词前面,如:somewhereinteresting(某个有趣的地方)somethingwrong(一些毛病)不定代词做主语时,谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如:Everyoneinourclasslikesjunkfoodverymuch.6\n11.代词(pron.)第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数第三人称单数(三单)第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词我你/你们他她它我们他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我的你的/你们的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs反身代词myselfyourself/yourselveshimselfherselfitselfourselvesthemselves注:(1)代词要放在短语中间,如:pickitup不能说pickupit。(2)主格做主语(动作的执行者),宾格做宾语(动作的承受行者)。(3)形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词(4)helpyourself随便吃⋯⋯如:Helpyourselftosomefruit.(5)enjoyoneself过得开心.如:Theyenjoythemselves.(6)byoneself单独地,孤独地.如:Ifinishmyhomeworkbymyself.(7)learn⋯..byoneself自习12.动+ing形式可以做主语,注意:谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如:Eatingmorefruitsandvegetablesisgoodforourhealth.13.also要放在be后,行为动词前。(both,all也一样)14.bemadeof用⋯.制成(能看出原材料)bemadefrom用⋯制成(看不出原材料)15.suchas举例(2个或2个以上对象)forexample举例(只有一个对象)16.You’rewelcome=Notatall不用谢,别客气。That’sallright=That’sOK=It’smypleasure不用谢,别客气。17.That’sright对!That’swrong错!Allright=Ok行!好的!18.Thankyouallthesame=Thankyouanyway依然谢谢!还是谢谢。19.I’msorrytohearthat,听了很难过,很抱歉,很遗憾。20.Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系。I’msureyouwill.我相信你会。I’mafraidIcan’t.恐怕我不能。I’mafraidnot.恐怕不会。
It’shardtosay很.难说。I’mnotsure.我没确定。I’vnoidea.我没拿定注意。Ithinkso.我认为这样。Congratulations!祝贺你!Idon’tthinkso.我不认为。
Welldone!干得好!Idon’tcare我不介意。Nohurry不着急。Nevermind不介意。7\n11.home,here,there是副词,前面不能有任何介词,如:gohome回家,gethome到家,comehere来这,gothere去那里,overthere在那边.15.onone’swayhome在某人回家的路上。ontheway在路上。intheway从某方面说。
bytheway顺便说说。16.分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母要加s,如:2/3:twothirds,1/4:onefourth,3/4:threefourths或threequarters,1/2:onesecond或ahalf,5/7:fivesevenths.17.reach到达.getto到达.(gethome/here/there)arrivein到达大的地方.arriveat到达小的地方.18.one⋯theother⋯一个⋯另一个⋯Some...others...一些...另一些⋯19.tired累的tiring令人疲惫的bored讨厌的boring令人厌烦/讨厌的excited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋/激动的amazed惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的
relaxed放松的relaxing令人放松的interested感兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的76.介词的分类1).表示时间的介词:at在⋯时,on在⋯时,in在⋯后,about大约,around大约,round大约,since自从,for长达,between⋯and⋯在⋯和⋯之间,from⋯to⋯从⋯到⋯.2).表示空间的介词:at在⋯,around在⋯周围,round在⋯周围,on在⋯上,above在⋯上方,below在⋯下方,in在⋯里,out在⋯外,under在⋯正下方,over在⋯正上方。3).表示方位的介词:In在⋯里,outof从⋯出来,though穿过,past穿过,across穿过,behind在⋯后面,opposite在⋯对面,up在高处。
4).表示手段.施动者的介词:with用,by用,in用。5).表示其他含义的介词:of具有⋯性质的,with带有⋯,without没有⋯except除了⋯(减去),besides包括⋯.在内(加上),43.介词短语:intheend最后inpublic在公共场所workhard努力学习attheendof在⋯的末尾ask⋯forhelp向某人求助breakoff中断
bytheendof到⋯为止makemistakes犯错误plentyof许多inclass在课堂上laughatsb嘲笑某人beimpressed被打动了eventhough=evenif尽管apieceof一片/块/张anoceanof许多takethetest参加考试passthetest通过考试failatest考试失8