初中英语专题复习一(动词) 6页

初中知识点（一）老苗汤老苗汤泡脚老苗汤官网www.laomiaotan400315.com动词考点讲解和训练（学案）一、动词的八种时态的构成及用法；1.Listen!Someofthegirls________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talked2.Ourteacher,MissChen,________Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught3.Idon’tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see4.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.smellB.smellsC.feelD.feels6.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It________10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft7.---Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?---John_________.A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is8.---Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_______?---No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadn’tsheC.didsheD.didn’tshe9.Theeartharoundthesun.A.moveB.movesC.ismovingD.hasmoved10.I(watch)TVwhenshecametoseeme.11.Wealready(learne)twothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.\n12.---Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,IamsorryI_________dinneratmyfriend’shouse.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad二、动词被动语态的构成及用法。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。基本的句型结构备注被动语态be+及物动词过去分词谓语动词一定要是及物动词1.Youmaygofishingifyourwork________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone2.---Whatdoyouusethekeyfor?---Itis________(use)formakingtherobotwork.3.Nonews_______(be)goodnews.I’msureJaneisstillallright.4.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive5.Manytrees________(plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears.三、非谓语动词的构成及用法。非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。（1）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。（2）不定式作宾语补足语Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.（3）不定式作目的状语Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词\n这样的动词有感官动词如：see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等，使役动词如：have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（5）用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如：let,have,make等和感官动词如：see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同1)stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。2)forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)3)remembertodo记得去做某事　　　　(未做)　rememberdoing　记得做过某事　　　(已做)4)trytodo　　努力，企图做某事。　trydoing　试验，试着做某事。5)goontodo　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing　继续做原来做的事。　6)meantodo　打算、想meandoing　意味着四、近义动词的用法区别——容易混淆的常用动词的辨析（14%）(1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法单词用法例句say表示“讲话”，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to,about,with等连用，才可以接宾语。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.(2)look,see,watch和watch的用法单词用法例句\nlook强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.see指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.watch指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.(3)borrow,lend和keep的区别单词用法例句borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.(4)bring,take,carry和get的用法。单词用法例句bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”，指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某处将某物拿回来。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?(5)wear,puton和dress的区别单词用法例句wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.\n作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dresssb.（给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wearsth.（穿着衣物）。(6)take,spend和use的用法。单词用法例句take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.use表示使用工具、手段等。可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dresssb.（给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wearsth.（穿着衣物）。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(7)reach,get和arrive的区别。单词用法例句reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，getto常用于口语中。.Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothomearrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arriveat,到达一个大地方时用arrivein。Thesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillage\n练一练：1.I’minterestedinanimals,soI________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend2.---ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom.---It_________beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mayD.should4.---Howlonghaveyou_______themoteobike?---Forabouttwoweeks.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent5.Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease________yourE-mailaddress?I’llwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeat6.Don’t________yourcoat,Tom!It’seasytocatchcoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout7.You_______goandaskMeimei.She_______knowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may8.Iboughtanewdictionaryandit________me30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.cost9.---Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?---_______you_______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finished10.Ihavetogonow.Pleaserememberto________thelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnon