初中英语总复习词法介词 17页

初中英语总复习词法介词初中英语总复习词法：介词(1)(一)介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他about大约about5o'clock在周围；大约about5kilometres；throwabout关于、涉及talkaboutyouabove在、、、之上abovezero；aboveus(不垂直)across穿过(表面)walkacrossthestreetafter在、、、之后aftersupper跟着、、、、后面oneafteranother追赶runafteragainst靠；逆风againstthewall；againstthewind反对beagainst对抗playagainstamong三者以上的中间amongthetreesat在某时刻atten在小地方attheschoolgate表速度athighspeed向着，对着shoutatbefore在、、、之前\nbeforeten位于、、、之前sitbeforemebehind位于、、、之后behindthedoorbelow在、、、之下(不垂直)；低于belowzeroby到、、、时刻；在、、、之前by5o'clock紧挨着sidebyside；bythewindow乘坐交通工具bybus由；被；以、、、方式bemadebyus；byspeakingEnglishduring在、、、期duringtheholidaysfor延续多长时间for5years向着、、去leaveforShanghai对于；为了begoodfor；from从、、、frommorningtonight来自、、、fromNewYork由、、、制成bemadefrom(看不到原材料)in在年、月、季周长时间inaweek在、、、里面intheroom用某种语言inEnglish穿着inredinto进入、、、里面walkinto除；分divideintonear接近某时near5years在、、、附近neartheparkof用、、、制成(看见原材料)bemadeof属于、、、性质amapofChinaon某日、某日的上下午、晚上onSundayafternoon在、、、上面onthedesk靠吃、、、为生liveonrice关于abookonmathsover在、、、上方(垂直)overtheriver超过，高于overtenpast超过tenpastfive经过、、walkpastmesince自从since1998既然sinceyouareillthrough经过throughhislife穿过(内部)throughthewindowtill到、、、为止till5o'clockto差多少时间tentoten到；去；往toBeijing面对面facetoface给予giveabooktomeunder在、、、下面(垂直)\nunderthedesk少于underten在、、、管制下undertherulewith用、、、工具withapen带有，具有withmewithout没有withoutair；withouthavingsupper(二)正误辨析1、[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.[析]at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。2、[误]Don'tsleepatdaytime豹[正]Don'tsleepindaytime.[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、[误]Hebecameawriterathistwenties豹[正]Hebecameawriterinhistwenties豹[析]这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。5、[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.\n[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.[析]在具体年岁前用at,如：attheageof12，atyourage，等等。6、[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、[误]I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.[正]I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.[析]在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。8、[误]Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.[正]Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.[析]during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.ザ鴖ince则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。9、[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.\n[析]atthebeginning与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终，终于"之意。10、[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词。11、[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.[析]before一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。12、[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIhadcomehere.[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态13、[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.\n[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。14、[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.[析]after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。15、[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.[析]树上长出的果实，树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.16、[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内；on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.17、[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.[析]at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。\n18、[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。19、[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.[析]在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet20、[误]ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.[正]ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailor'sshop(裁缝店)=atatailor's,atthedoctor's(去看病)atthebookseller's(在书店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)21、[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。22、[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at\ntable(吃饭)，WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.还有：atdesk(学习)，atwork(工作)atschool(上学)，inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜ト缂由隙ü诖试蛄碛兴意，如：attheschool即在学校工作或办事，inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。23、[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.[析]译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光"在…的路上"应用onone'sway…。而intheway有挡道之意，如：Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。初中英语总复习词法：介词(2)24、[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.[析]in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。25、[误]I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.[正]I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.[正]I'llleaveforShanghai.[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：startfor动身前往某处，setoutfor，sailfor。\n26、[误]Becareful！Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用over而泛指上方时用above27、[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.[析]over还有一意为"跨越，横跨"。28、[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面，而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.29、[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思：①横过(表面)，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越(内部)。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.30、[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.\n[析]towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时，其前面要用in。31、[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?[析]beside是"在…旁边"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除…之外，不仅…而且…，除了…以外还有…"，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.32、[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink?[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。33、[误]I'mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.[正]I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.[析]在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。bytaxi=inataxi；bytrain=inatrain；bybicycle=onabicycle；byship=onaship；byboat=inaboat；bybus=onabusィ籦yplane=onaplanebyair空运；byland陆运；bysea海运；onfoot；onhorseback；byphone；byletter；byradio；byairmail；byhand34、[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.\n[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.35、[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识36、[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。37、[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。38、[误]Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.[正]Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.[析]beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.39、[误]Hewasgoodforskating.[正]Hewasgoodatskating.\n[析]begoodat为"擅长某事"，而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。40、[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.[析]这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.41、[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。42、[误]Heisagreewithme.[正]Heagreeswithme.[误]Heagainstsme.[正]Heisagainstme.[析]同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。43、[误]Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.[正]Ihaven'theardfromhim.[析]hearfrom即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。44、[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：inbed(睡觉)，inhospital(住院)，inahurry(匆匆忙忙)，indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴)，ingoodhealth(身体好)，inlove(恋爱)，in\ntrouble(困境)，与之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble(摆脱困境)，outofdate(过时了)，outoforder(出故障)45、[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedatsth./todosth.如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.46、[误]Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.[正]Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.[析]becauseof后接名词，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.(三)巩固练习：()1、-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers！-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor()2、Canyouanswerthisquestion___English?AbyBinCwithDfrom()3、Look___themap___China___thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on()4、-WhendidMr.GreenarriveinLondon?-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto\n()5、Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween()6、Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout()7、-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcome___Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor()8、Let'shurry，orwe'llbelate___school豹A薄toB薄atC薄withD薄for()9、Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays豹A薄forB薄atC薄inD薄after()10、Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___豹A1989，MarchB视nMarch，1989CMarch，1989D1989，inMarchィ)11、Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp.豹AwithoutBunderC薄forD薄with()12、Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses豹A薄byB薄throughC薄onD薄in()13、Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven豹A薄/，toB薄in，toC薄at，toD薄on，to()14、IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday豹\nA薄onB薄inC薄fromD薄at()15、It'sgoodmannerstowait___line豹A薄inB薄onC薄atD薄with()16、HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm?A眀ytheendofB、attheendofC薄totheendofD薄tilltheendofィ)17、Themanagerwasverysatisfied/pleased___hiswork豹A薄inB薄onC薄aboutD薄with()18、JohnhitJack___face豹A薄ontheB薄intheC薄onhisD薄inhis[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词+the+身体部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。()19、Iwasborn___thenight___September15，1978A薄in，onB薄at，onC薄at，inD薄on，of()20、It'sabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble豹A薄over，inB薄at，inC薄in，atD薄at，for()21、Ican'tdothisworkwell___Tom'shelp豹A薄underB薄forC薄withoutD薄from()22、Don'tshout___theoldwoman。Youshouldbemorepolite___herA薄to，atB薄at，toC薄in，forD薄from，for()23、Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everythingA薄with，inB薄in，withC薄with，toD薄to，of\n()24、Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday豹A薄toB薄withoutC薄behindD薄between()25、Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949豹A薄withB薄onC薄sinceD薄in()26、Mr.BlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays豹A薄inB薄afterC薄onD薄at()27、-Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy?-Yes，hehas豹A眆romB薄withC薄onD薄in()28、Youmaydepend___him薄Heis___honestman豹A薄on，aB薄in，anC薄on，anD薄at，the()29、___myjoy，Icananswerthisquestion豹AWithB薄ToC薄ByD薄For()30、Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionaryA薄forB薄atC薄upD薄after()31、Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___itA薄on，onB薄in，onC薄on，inD薄in，in()32、Igotoschool___buseverymorning.A.inB.byC.onD.at()33、Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with\n()34、Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.A.intoB.forC.atD.outof()35、Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof()36、Thelittlegirlcouldn'thelp___whenshesawalargedog.A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries()37、Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.A.onB.inC.atD.of()38、Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.A.toB.onC.inD.about()39、Theteacherwasverypleased___heranswer.A.inB.onC.forD.with()40、Thestoryhappened___Beijing.A.inB.withC.forD.on特别声明：1：资料来源于互联网，版权归属原作者2：资料内容属于网络意见，与本账号立场无关3：如有侵权，请告知，立即删除。