初中英语虚拟语气 7页

初中英语虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：Iftimepermits,wellgofishingtogether.如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大"J"能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.(隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授)。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的a合句屮，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1.含有条件状语从句的复合句wish(wouldrather)+宾语从句suggest(...)+宾语从句2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do3.定从句Itis(high)timethat+S+didI.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时间条件状语从句与现在事实相反的假没If+S+did...与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddone...与将来事实相反的假设did...If+Sshoulddoweretodo主句S+would/should/could/might+do...S+would/should/could/might+havedone...S+would/should/could/might+do...注意事项：1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3.Ifthereweren’t/hadnotbeen+...=\vithout...4.Ifitwerenotfor.../Ifithadn'tbeenfor".=butfor...5.otherwise*虚拟气的句子6.虚拟语气的句子，but+陈述事实的句子虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。一.一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种：语境条件从句主句例子\n1.与现在事实相反一般过去式：were/didwould/should/could/might+do（动词原形）IfJohnhadthetime，hewouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.2.与将來事实相反(1).should+动词原形(2).一般过去式：were/did(3)、wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+do（动同原形）Ifyoushouldlose，whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow，Iwouldtellherthetruth.Ifyouwenttherenexttime，youwouldseewhatImean.3.与过去事实相反过去完成时：had+过去分词would/should/could/might+havedoneIfIhadarrivedearlier,IwouldhaveseenDavid二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.虚拟语气的倒装：将if去掉，谓语动词提前。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinking.=WereIyou,Iwouldgivetipdrinking.IfIhadarrivedearlier,IwouldhaveseenDavid.=HadIarrivedearlier,IwouldhaveseenDavid.2.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(if从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.(if从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。)三.虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand，require，insist,urge,request,order,+that...(should)+动1司原形ask,move,propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均nJ*。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.注意：*insist有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”(含命令口吻)时，that从句用虚拟，如:Heinsiststhatwe(should)gohomenow.当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that从句用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.*suggest也有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that从句用廉拟语气，如：Isuggestthatweshouldgohomenow.\n当表示“暗示”时，that从句用陈述语气。如：Alltheevidencesuggeststhathestolethemoney.所有证掘偶读睹示是他偷了钱。2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须川虚拟语气，其句子结构如下:imperative,advisable，动同完成式Itis(was)+important,natural，necessary，+that".(should)+essential,strange，等动词原形Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.3、wish的用法主句谓语动词that从句谓语动词例子现在的愿望:wish/wishes一般过去式:did或wereIwish1wereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。过去的原望：wished过去完成成:haddoneIwishedIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=1amsorryIstoppedteaching.)对将来的愿望：wish/wisheswould/could+动词原形Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4>asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如:Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat...+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.虚拟语气练习题()1.Ifyouwereoldenough,Iyoutogothereyesterday.D.hadallowedD.bringD.WereD.happenedD.didn'ttryA.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowed()2.Thesecretarysuggestedthattheythemeninatonce.A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.brought()3.Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.Willbe()4.Itisstrangethatsuchathinginyourclass.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappen()5.HowIwishItorepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.havetried\n(((()6.Ifhetotheteacherattentively，hetheanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened，wouldknowC.listened，wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened，wouldknow)7.1wasbusyyesterday,otherwiseIyourbirthdayparty.D.wouldhaveattendedD.knewD.hadbeenD.wouldsumA.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattend)8.IfonlyIhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknow)9.Thetwostrangerstalksasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeen)10.Itishightimeweupourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsum()11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohnnomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes()12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师)，weintheexperiment.A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceededC.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded()13.It’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake()14.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC-wouldn’treadD.didn’tread()15.Isn’titabouttimethatyoutopickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo()16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset()17.Youradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.D.shewaitedA.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitshe()18.Itwasessentialthatwelease(条约、合同)beforetheendofthemonth.((((((A.signB.signed)19.1wishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.hadsignedC.couldgo)20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifheaChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.is)21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.is)22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirms)23.IfIhadseenthemovie，Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.weresigningD.couldhavegoneD.hasbeenD.hadbeenD.mustconfirmD.wouldhavetold)24.1hadhopedthatJohnA.spendsB.spentayearinAfrica，buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.C.wouldspendD.willspend\n\nD.didn’tD.shouldstartD.AsforD.hadbeenbrokenD.didn’treadroundtheearth.D.becircling()25.I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’t()26.Everybodyhasarrived.It’stimewetheclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstarted()27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.InspiteofB.ButforC.Becauseof()28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC-werebroken()29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’tread()30.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest，soitseemsasifthesun_A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingII.Translation我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。1.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？---会的，不过我当吋在忙着做家庭作业呢。2.如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这3.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了\nL1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCCIL1.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwise1wouldhavetelephonedhim.2.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.3.——Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?——Yes，butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.4.Ifyouhadn’tseenthatfilmlatelastnight，youwouldn’tbesosleepy.5.Withoutelectricity，humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.