初中英语语法专题--副词 11页

初中英语语法专题--副词一、副词定义：1.用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词2.用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词二、副词的分类副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。J考点一副词的分类与位置1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，.①Healwaysgoestoschoolonfoot.②ShehasneverbeentoBeijing.③Sheisoftenlateforwork.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly，politelyloudly，luckily，happily，easily，carefully，slowly，suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。①Thechildrenaredancinghappily.②Theyworkhard.③Thestudentsdidtheirhomeworkcarefully.3．程度副词与程度相关的副词有：very,much,only,quite,as,too,too…for,too…todo,well,almost,even,alittle,enough,rather,alot,so,such,badly,nearly,further,really,widely,hardly,abit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。①Icanhardlyknowhername.②Thecakeissodelicious③Hewasbadlyhurt.\n④Heworkedhardenough.4．表时间、地点、方向的副词（1）与时间相关的副词有:ago,already,before,early,long,late,just,now,once,soon,since,today,tomorrow,tonight,yesterday,yet等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。①They’llcomebacksoon.②Theyhavefinishedtheworkalready.=Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。outside,inside,upstair,here,there,home,near,comeback,turnleft,goout三、副词的考点J考点1、副词的用法和位置1).修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。①Hewalkedquietlyintohisbedroom.②Itisraininghard.2).修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。①Youhaveaverynicewatch.②Themachineistooheavy.3).修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。Youwalkedtooslowly,Icouldn’twaitforyou.4）有时候也修饰整个句子Unfortunately，hewasout.J考点2、副词的构成：（1）多数形容词+ly变成副词.大多数副词以ly结尾recent----recently sad—sadlyslow---slowlyclear—clearlyfinal—finallyreal—reallykind--kindly,careful---carefully,Silent----silentlypeaceful---peacefullySafe---safely（2）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词happy--happily,heavy--heavily,easy--easily,lucky---luckily,angry---angrily,(3)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词polite--politely,wide--widely,Safe--safely,extreme--extremely(4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词\nTrue-Truly,gentle---gently,comfortable--comfortablypossible---possiblysimple--simplyterrible---terribly特殊：good（形容词）—well（副词）好地(welladj身体健康的)J考点3、副词的比较等级副词的比较等级构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般在词尾加er或esthardharderhardest以e结尾的只加r或stwidewiderwidest一辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或est:early---earlier---earliest多音节词和部分双音节词加more，mostcarefullyusefullymorecarefullymoreusefullymostcarefullymostusefully注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further（进一步）farthest(最远)furthest（最大程度）3.副词比较等级的用法1.“（not）as/so+副词原级+as”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如：Youdon’tgetupso/asearlyasI.你没我起得早。2.“as+副词原级+aspossible/onecan”。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如：Pleasegethereassoonaspossible/youcan.请尽快赶到这儿来。3.“副词比较级+than”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：MikeworksmorecarefullythanJack.迈克工作比杰克细心。\n3.“副词比较级+and+(同一)副词比较级”。表示越来越、、、例如：Heranfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。4.“the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越、、、就越、、、”例如：ThebetterIknewhim,themoreIlikehim.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。5.“副词最高级+比较范围”。这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in,of或among的短语。例如：Hestudies(the)hardestamongtheboys.在那群男生里，他学习最用功。考点4、易错知识点辨析1.兼有两种形式的副词1)close与closelyclose意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔细地"①Heissittingclosetome.②Watchhimclosely.2)late与latelylate意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"①Youhavecometoolate.②Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"①Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.②Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much①Theplanewasflyinghigh.②Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"①Heopenedthedoorwide.②Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"①Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.②Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.2.几组易混副词1、hard和hardly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1.当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：\n①It’shardforoldpeopletochangetheirways.②Steelisharderthanwood.2.当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：①DoesTomworkhardathislessons?②It’sraininghardoutsidenow.Don’tgoout.(二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：①Icanhardlyseeanythingontheblackboard.②MyfatherhardlyeverwatchesTV.2、muchtoo和toomuch区别（一）(too)much中心词是much1．相当于形容词，意为“morethanenough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如：①Americanseattoomuchmeatinmyopinion．②Idranktoomuchcolalastnight．③Theworkistoomuchforher．④She'safraidthetripwillbetoomuchforme．2．相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：①Toomuchwashappeningallatonce．②Youhavegivenmetoomuch．3．相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：①Youworktoomuch．②Shetalkstoomuch．（二）(much)too中心词为toomuchtoo的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：①Youaremuchtookindtome．②It'smuchtoocold．③Youaredrivingmuchtoofast．【练习】1.weshouldnoteatjunkfood.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.toomanyD.muchtoo2.it's____hotinaugustinNanjing.A.manytooB.muchtooC.verytooD.tomuch3.Wedon'thave____timetoworkeveryyear.AmuchtooBsomanyCtoomuchDtoomany答案1---3ABC四、also,too,aswell,either,neither意思区别Also表示"也"是比较正式的用词,also一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词tobe之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。too是普通用词,口语中用的多,too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。注意:also,too只能用于肯定句。\neither用于否定句中，表示前者不、、、，后者也不、、、，其位置一般放在句尾。Neither表示"两者都不"。①Ialsowent.②Youarealsowrong.①Heisasinger,too.②He,too,isasinger.①Hedidn'tgothere.Ididn'teither.①InneithercasecanIagree.②Neitherofthemwantstostopforarest．3)aswellas表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。如：Hegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables. 他既种菜也种花。Sheshares(in)mytroublesaswellasmyjoys. 她与我同甘共苦。Theyhaveaflatintownaswellasaplaceinthecountry. 他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。注：有时还可译为“除……之外，还”，与besides,inadditionto的用法相似。如：AswellaslearningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer. 今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。弄清强调重点,AaswellasB这一结构强调的重点是A不是B，即 AaswellasB=notonlyBbutalsoA，注意体会以下例句的译文：Sheiscleveraswellasbeautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。HespeaksSpanishaswellasEnglishandFrench. 他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。Actorshavetolearntheircuesaswellastheirownlines. 演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。五、already、yet、still的区别1）already是"已经",用在肯定句中,用在完成时中比较多,比如I'vealreadybeentoLondon.2）yet是"还"用于否定句,如Ihaven'tgonethereyet.此外yet还有"但是"的意思,有时可以和but互换,比如Theauthoritiesclaimthatthesituationintheareahasbeenundercontrol,yetthefactisnotthecase.(当局声称此地区局势已得到控制,但事实并不是那么回事.)3）still是"仍然",如Heshouldhavebeenkilledintheaccident,butheisstillalive.(他本应在事故中丧生,但他活着.)六、ometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime\nsometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。e.g.Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.Iwillstayheresometime.Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.题型1.选词填空（一）luckily/lucky/unlucky/unluckily1.Thatwasanboy.helosthisparentsintheearthquake2.Itrainedhard.,thechildrentookumbrellaswiththem,sotheydidn’tgetwet.3..Heistopasstheexam4.Aterriblecaraccidenthappenedtohim.,hedidn’tlosehoslife（二）easyeasilyeasiermoreeasily1．Ifyouhavemoreknowledge.youcandealwiththeproblems.2.Thequestionlooks.I‘msureIcanworkoutitbymyself.3.Ingenerally,itistosaythantodo(三）successsuccessfulsuccessfullysucceed1.Don’tworry.Iheardthattheairplanehaslandedattheairport.2.Ifyoubecomepeoplewillwatchyouallthetime.3.Ifyoutryyourbest,youwill.4.Attitudeiseverything.Details(细节)decide.（四）happyhappilyhappiermorehappily1.Becauseofhavingparents’love,Icangrowup.2.Look.Thechildrenareplayingoverthere.3.Thebusierheis,thehefeel.（五）safesafelysafety1.Schoolistheseriousproblem2.Pleasedrivemoreslowly.isthefirst.3.Althoughwewereintrouble.wegotthere4.Tobeisimportanttoeveryone.（六）carefulcarefullly1.LiuMingisagirl.Shedoeseverything.\n2..Pleasebe.Thereistoomuchtrifficontheroad.3.Youdidn’twriteenough.Ican’tseeclearly题型2.单选题1.—Doyouthinkyesterday’smathproblemwasdifficult?—Yes.Icould________workitout.A．hardlyB．easilyC．finallyD．nearly2.--Don’tworry.Mymotherwilllookafteryourbaby__________.--Thanksalot.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.carefullyenough3.TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.hardD.hardly4.Asweallknow,smokingisbadforus,______forchildren.A.especiallyB.recentlyC.probablyD.nearly5.Sometimesitrains________inXi’aninsummer.A.heavyB.heavilyC.strongD.strongly6.Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinsoashisfather.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best7.Shesangasong‘IbelieveIcanfly‘inYangzhouEnglishContest.Ihaveneverhearda_____voicethanthatbefore.A．goodB．wellC．betterD．Best8.Shelikesreadingand___.A.soIdoB.IdosoC.IlikesoD.sodoI9.-Iwon'tgototheGreatWalltomorrow.-Iwon't,___.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also10.Heis___tiredthathecan'tgoanyfarther.A.soB.suchC.veryD.tooWhenyoudoeye-exercise,youmustkeepyoureyes____.A.closeB.closesC.closingD.closed11.It'sawindyday.You'dbetter____thewindows.A.closeB.closedC.closingD.toclose12.Bruceoften___hislefthand___.A.keep;closeB.keeps;closedC.keep;closedD.keeps;close13.Itisveryhot.Pleasekeepthedoor          .A.openB.openingC.opensD.opened14.Thecityis___thanthetownawayfromthe\nriver.A.farB.fartherC.furtherD.muchfar15.Doyouneed___explanationtothequestion?A.morefarB.anyfurtherC.fartherD.anyfar中考链接()1.(2010·兰州)--Wherewouldyouliketogoonyoursummerholiday,Mike?--I’dliketogo.　　A.nowhereinterestingB.interestinganywhere　　C.somewhereinterestingD.interesting,somewhere()2.(2010·衡阳)Themorepeopledrive,thetrafficaccidentstherewillbe.　　A.careful;lessB.carefully;fewerC.Careful;fewer()3.(2010·合肥)--Didyoufindthesmallvillageyesterday?--Yes,withoutanydifficulty,forithaschangedoveryears.A.hardlyB.greatlyC.clearlyD.nearly()4.（2011·苏州）Ifyoudon’tworkenough,Idon’tthinkyourdreamwillcome.　　A.hardly;trulyB.hardly;trueC.hard;trueD.hard;truly()5.（2011·兰州）Hesaidhewouldcometoseeus____thenextafternoon.　　A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()6.（2011·芜湖）Jackisgoodatdrawing.Ithinknoonedraws.　　A.betterB.bestC.worseD.worst()7.（2011·杭州）It’stoolatetoinviteanymorepeople.___,youknowhowTimhatesparties.　　A.BesidesB.HoweverC.StillD.Instead()8.（2011·滨州）--Doyouoftengotothegym?--No,.Idon’tlikesportsatall.　　A.alwaysB.neverC.sometimesD.usually()9.（2011·黄冈）--DidKatedobestinthefinallyexam?--No,butofallthestudentsshedid____.　　A.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefullyD.morecarefully()10.（2011·太原）Thebagthatmygrandpamadeforme___getsoutofstyle,butitisstillbestthinginmymind.　　A.usuallyB.normally　　C.gradually()11.（2011·广州）--Steveisgoodatwritingshortstories.\n--Soheis.Buthewritesthanus.Sohecan’tgetgoodgradesinwriting.　　A.mostcarefullyB.morecarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.leastcarefully()12.（2012·佛山）--Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?--No,Igotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.　　A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.only()13.（2012·无锡）Man’sunderstandingofnatureisdeveloping.Itneverstaysatthesamelevel.　　A.attherighttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.fromtimetotimeD.allthetime()14.（2012·连云港）--Ididn’tknowyougotoschoolbytaxi.--Oh,I____takeataxitoschool,butmybikeneedsrepairing.　　A.alwaysB.sometimesC.oftenD.seldom()15.（2012·南昌）Hesaidhewouldgo,butthenhedroveveryfast.　　A.earlyB.quicklyC.directlyD.slowly()16.(2012·宁波)--ZhangLili,“themostbeautifulteacher”,hasmovedusdeeply.--Yes,andsheispopularwithherstudents.　　A.sometimesB.neverC.alwaysD.hardly()17.（2012·苏州）Youdon’tknow____Iwanttoseeyouagain.It’sayearsinceIlastsawyou.　　A.howsoonB.howlongC.howoftenD.howmuch()18.（2012·合肥）Mikehurthisbacksreiouslyandcan____getoutofbedwithouthelp.　　A.quicklyB.easilyC.nearlyD.hardly()19.（2012·巢湖）Themantriedseveraltimestostarthiscar,andhesucceeded.　　A.inthepastB.intheendC.atfirstD.atonce()20.Howitisrainingnow!A.heavyB.heavilyC.heavierD.moreheavy()21.(2010·呼和浩特)OfalltheteamsinNBA,IthinktheLosAngelesLakersplayedthisyear.A.mostsuccessfullyB.themoresuccessfullyC.verysuccessfullyD.muchmoresuccessfully本次课后作业：学生对于本次课的评价：○特别满意○满意○一般学生签字：\n教师评定：1、学生上次作业评价：○好○较好○一般○差2、学生本次上课情况评价：○好○较好○一般○差教师签字：导师签字：主任签字:南京龙文教育总部