《高中物理教案》PPT课件 384页

Figure1.1TorqueCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean1Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.2TheradianCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean2Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n3Figure1.3LossesinamachineCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.4Characteristicsofaforce4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.5Twoforcesactingonabody5Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.6Pythagoras’stheorum6Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.7ForcediagramforExample1.97Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.8Parallelogrammethodofaddingvectors8Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.9ForcediagramforExample1.109Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.10Polygonmethodofaddingvectors10Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure1.11Additionofabalancedsectorofvectors11Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n12Figure1.12HorizontalandverticalcomponentsofvectorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n13Figure1.13SimilartrianglesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n14Figure1.14SidesofatriangleCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n15Figure1.15Diagramforexample1.14Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n16Figure1.16Diagramforexample1.15Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n17Figure1.17Diagramforexample1.16Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n18Figure1.18VectorrotatinginthefourquadrantsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n19Figure1.19TrigonometricalratiosignsorpolaritiesinfourquadrantsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n20Figure1.20Diagramforexample1.17Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n21Figure1.21Diagramforexample1.18Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n22Figure1.22Forcediagramforexample1.20Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n23Figure1.23Diagramforexample1.20Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n24Figure1.24MoneyaccumulatinginabankaccountCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n25Figure1.25ScaleselectionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n26Figure1.26GrowthrateofaplantCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n27Figure1.27Curvesof‘bestfit’Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n28Figure1.28SinglecurvegraphCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n29Figure1.29MultiplecurvesgraphoncommonaxisCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n30Figure1.30HorizontalbargraphCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n31Figure1.31VerticalbargraphCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n32Figure1.32StepgraphCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n33Figure1.33Piegraphwith‘exploded’sectionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.1ModelofatomicstructureCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean34Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.2ElectrificationbyfrictionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean35Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n36Figure2.3AttractionandrepulsionbetweenelectricalchargesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.4Transferofelectronsfromanelectricallyneutralbodytoapositivelychargedone37Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.5Transferofelectronsfromanegativelychargedbodytoapositivelychargedone38Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.6Constructionofearlyelectricmotorsandgenerators39Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.7Stylisedhydroelectricstation40Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.8Diesel-drivena.c.generatorusedasanalternativepowersupplyintheeventofthemainspowerbeinginterrupted41Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.9ForcediagramforBankofsolarcellsmountedonatowerintheNorthernTerritory.Anumberofarrayssimilartothishavebeeninstalledtooperatemicrowaverepeaterstationsandobviatetheneedtoprovidemoreexpensivealternativepowersupplies42Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.10Wimshurstmachine43Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure2.11Basicthermocouple44Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n45Figure2.12PiezoelectricstrikerignitionsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n46Figure2.13StyliseddistributionsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n47Figure2.14TypesofcircuitsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n48Figure2.15DirectionofcurrentflowCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n49Figure2.16RelationshipsbetweenpressureandrateofflowCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n50Figure2.17Electricalmeasuringinstruments:(a)ammeter;(b)voltmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n51Figure2.18InstrumentconnectionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n52Figure2.19Six-voltcarbatteryconnectedtoalampCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n53Figure2.20ConnectionsformeasuringpowerwithawattmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n54Figure2.21EffectoftemperatureonresistanceCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n55Figure2.22ResistortypesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n56Figure2.23BasicresistorsymbolsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n57Figure2.24FourbandcolourcodingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n58Figure2.25FivebandcolourcodingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n59Figure2.26Temperature-dependentresistorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n60Figure2.27Characteristicandconstructionofalight-dependentresistorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n61Figure2.28OtherelectricalcomponentsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n62Figure2.29AsimpletransformerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n63Figure2.30EnergyconversioninatransformerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n64Figure2.31CurrentpathsthroughthehumanbodyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n65Figure2.32ReplaceablefuseelementsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n66Figure2.33ActionsofacircuitbreakerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n67Figure2.34PrincipleofaresidualcurrentdeviceCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n68Figure2.35NeutralandearthdetailsatamaindistributionswitchboardCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.1SimplevoltaiccellCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean69Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.2LocalactionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean70Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n71Figure3.3PrimarycellsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.4Basicconstructionofabatteryplategridshownwithpastedplates.Thedarkerplateisthepositiveleadperoxideplate,whilethelighteroneisthenegativeplateGNBAustraliaPtyLtd72Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.5Lead–acidcellassemblyshowinghowinterleavedpositiveandnegativeplatesarekeptapartbyseparators73Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.6Ionisingandchemicalactionwithinalead–acidcell74Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.7Typicalvoltagecharacteristicsofalead–acidcell75Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.8Hydrometerusedfortestingthedensityoftheelectrolyteinacell.Forgreaterclaritythescaleofthefloatisshownenlargedalongsidethebodyofthehydrometer.Inthisinstancetherangeisfrom1160to1300.(Thelastdigit,beingaroundthecurveofthestem,isnotvisibleinthephotograph)76Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.9Highratedischargetester.Theadjustableloadresistorisintherearcompartment77Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.10Cut-awayviewshowingtheconstructionofanickel–ironcell78Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure3.11Approximateionisingandchemicalactionwithinanickel–alkalinecell79Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n80Figure3.12Nominalvoltagesofanickel–ironcellCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n81Figure3.13Sealedzinc–mercurycellCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n82Figure3.14Comparisonofcelldischargecharacteristics(4mAcontinuous)Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n83Figure3.15FuelcellsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n84Figure3.16Circuitsforexample3.4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n85Figure3.17Circuitforexample3.5Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n86Figure3.18ElectrolysiswithcopperelectrodesincoppersulphatesolutionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n87Figure3.19BasicsofanelectroplatingbathCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n88Figure3.20Electrolyticdeposition.OneofthedemonstrationelectroplatingbathsatRegencyParkCollegeCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n89Figure3.21DissimilarmetalsinacorrosivesituationCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.1BasicelectricalcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean90Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.2Series-connectedcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean91Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n92Figure4.3Parallel-connectedcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.4Resistorsinseries93Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.5Circuitdiagramforexample4.194Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.6Circuitdiagramforexample4.295Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.7Singleloadconnectedtoasupplysource96Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.8Twoloadsconnectedinseriestoasupplysource97Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.9Potentialdifferencesinaseriescircuit98Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.10Circuitdiagramforexample4.399Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure4.11Circuitdiagramforexample4.4100Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n101Figure4.12BasictypesofcircuitsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n102Figure4.13CurrentsinaparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n103Figure4.14Circuitdiagramforexample4.5Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n104Figure4.15Individualcircuitsforexample4.5Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n105Figure4.16Equivalentcircuitforexample4.5Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n106Figure4.17Circuitdiagramforexample4.6Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n107Figure4.18Circuitdiagramforexample4.7Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n108Figure4.19Circuitdiagramforexample4.8Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n109Figure4.20Circuitdiagramforexample4.9Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n110Figure4.21Equivalentcircuit—step1Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n111Figure4.22Equivalentcircuit—step3Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n112Figure4.23Equivalentcircuit—step4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n113Figure4.24Completecircuitforexample4.9showingallvaluesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n114Figure4.25Circuitdiagramforexample4.10Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n115Figure4.26Circuitdiagramforexample4.11Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n116Figure4.27Circuitdiagramforexample4.12Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n117Figure4.28Circuitdiagramforexample4.13Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n118Figure4.29Equivalentcircuitdiagramforexample4.13Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n119Figure4.30Circuitdiagramforexample4.14Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n120Figure4.31Equivalentseriescircuitforexample4.14Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n121Figure4.32Circuitdiagramforexample4.15Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n122Figure4.33Firststepinsimplifyingcircuit—sectionB–CCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n123Figure4.34Equivalentcircuit—sectionB–CCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n124Figure4.35Equivalentseriescircuitforexample4.15Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n125Figure4.36Circuitdiagramforproblem4.1Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n126Figure4.37Circuitdiagramforproblem4.6Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n127Figure4.38Circuitdiagramforproblem4.7Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n128Figure4.39Circuitdiagramforproblem4.9Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n129Figure4.40Circuitdiagramforproblem4.10Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n130Figure4.41Circuitdiagramforproblem4.22Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n131Figure4.42Circuitdiagramforproblem4.23Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n132Figure4.43Circuitdiagramforproblem4.24Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.1FieldrepresentationobtainedwithironfilingsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean133Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.2MagneticlinesofforceCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean134Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n135Figure5.3(a)EffectsofplacingmagneticmaterialinamagneticfieldCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.3(b)Effectsofplacingmagneticmaterialinamagneticfield136Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.3(c)Effectsofplacingmagneticmaterialinamagneticfield137Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.4Moleculararrangementsinamagnet138Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.5Magneticinduction139Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.6Rectangularformofmagneticchuck140Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.7Magneticfieldaroundastraightconductor141Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.8Directionofmagneticfieldscreatedaroundconductorsbyacurrentflowingthroughthem142Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure5.9Derivationofcurrentdirectionsymbols143Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n144Figure5.10MagneticfluxduetoanelectriccurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n145Figure5.11Right-handthumbruleforasolenoidCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n146Figure5.12(a)ForcesexertedbyconductorscarryingacurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n147Figure5.12(b)ForcesexertedbyconductorscarryingacurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n148Figure5.13CreatingaforcewiththeinteractionoftwomagneticfieldsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n149Figure5.14Magnetisation(B/H)curvefornon-magneticmaterialsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n150Figure5.15Magnetisation(B/H)andpermeability(mr/H)curvesforasampleofironCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n151Figure5.16ComparisonofB/HmagnetisationcurvesforferromagneticmaterialsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n152Figure5.17HysteresisloopforamagneticmaterialCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n153Figure5.18ComparisonofhysteresisloopsfortwomagneticmaterialsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n154Figure5.19MagneticleakageCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n155Figure5.20MagneticfringingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n156Figure5.21TypicalrelayconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n157Figure5.22Typicalrelays.(a)Thisrelayoperatesseveralsetsofcontactsatcurrentratingsof100mA.(b)Thisrelayoperatesonlyonesetofchangeovercontactsatacurrentratingof2ACopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n158Figure5.23Typicalreverse-currentrelaycircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n159Figure5.24IllustratingLenz’slaw—conductormovingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n160Figure5.25(a)IllustratingLenz’slaw—fieldmovingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n161Figure5.25(b)IllustratingLenz’slaw—fieldmovingCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n162Figure5.26Inductors(a)Air-coredinductorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n163Figure5.26Inductors(b)Iron-coredinductorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n164Figure5.27RelativemovementofaconductorinamagneticfieldasthecurrentincreasesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n165Figure5.28RelativemovementofaconductorinamagneticfieldasthecurrentdecreasesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n166Figure5.29Valuesanddirectionsofself-inducedvoltagesfordifferentcurrentconditionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n167Figure5.30VarioussnubbercircuitsdesignedtoavoidhightransientvoltageswhenswitchingoffinductivecircuitsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n168Figure5.31TimeconstantforaninductivecircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n169Figure5.32(a)MutualinductionbetweenparallelconductorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n170Figure5.32(b)MutualinductionbetweenparallelconductorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n171Figure5.32(c)MutualinductionbetweenparallelconductorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n172Figure5.33(a)MutualinductionbetweenadjacentcoilsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n173Figure5.33(b)MutualinductionbetweenadjacentcoilsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n174Figure5.33(c)MutualinductionbetweenadjacentcoilsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n175Figure5.34BasicinductioncoilCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n176Figure5.35CarignitionsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\n177Figure5.36Solenoiddiagramforexercise5.3Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.1(a)TypesofcapacitorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean178Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.1(b)TypesofcapacitorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean179Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.1(c)TypesofcapacitorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean180Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.1(d)TypesofcapacitorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean181Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.1(e)TypesofcapacitorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean182Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.2ActualphysicalappearanceofcapacitorsinapproximatelythesamelayoutasthatshowninFigure6.1:(a)stackedplatecapacitor(mica),(b)rolledcapacitor,(c)electrolyticcapacitor,(d)ceramiccapacitor(marked20percent),(e)variablecapacitorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean183Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.3Capacitorsinseries184Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.4Capacitorsinparallel185Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.5Chargingacapacitor186Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.6(a)Resistanceconnectedinserieswithacapacitortolimitthecurrentflow.Thedirectionofcurrentflowisdifferentforbothconditions187Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.6(b)Resistanceconnectedinserieswithacapacitortolimitthecurrentflow.Thedirectionofcurrentflowisdifferentforbothconditions188Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.7Chargeanddischargecurves189Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure6.8TimeconstantforanR–Ccircuit190Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.1Testlampsconsistingoftwo240V,15WlampsconnectedinseriesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean191Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.2(a)Vibrating-typevoltagetesterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean192Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.2(b)Vibrating-typevoltagetesterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean193Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.3Lampconditionsforathree-pinsockettesterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean194Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.4Explodedviewofamoving-coilmovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean195Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.5(a)Moving-ironmetermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean196Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.5(b)Moving-ironmetermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean197Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.5(c)Moving-ironmetermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean198Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.6Parallax.TheeyeatAseesthemeterpointeroverthe5.1mark.TheeyeatBseesthepointeroverthe4.9mark.Ifthemeterwereobserveddirectly,thepointerwouldshow5.0Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean199Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.7Circuitforexample7.1Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean200Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.8Circuitforexample7.3Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean201Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.9Internalcircuitarrangementofacurrenttransformertype,link-testammetersuitableonlyfora.c.workCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean202Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.10Non-intrusiveammeters(a)DigitalclampmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean203Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.10Non-intrusiveammeters(b)AnalogueclampmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean204Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.11(a)AdynamometermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean205Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.11(b)AdynamometermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean206Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.12SimplifiedcircuitforaseriesohmmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean207Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.13ParallelohmmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean208Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.14SimplifiedVOMvoltmeterschematicdiagram.Thisvoltmeterusesone50µA,5000Ωmetermovement,multiplierresistors,andonerangeswitchCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean209Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.15Multi-rangea.c.voltmeter.DiodesD1andD2arethemeterrectifierswhichchangethea.c.intod.c.forthe50µA,5000ΩmetermovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean210Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.16Multi-rangeammetertypicalofthosefoundinmanyVOMs.Themeterisa50µAfull-scale,5000ΩmovementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean211Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.17TypicalohmmetercircuitusedinVOMs.ThevariableresistorRadjisusedtocompensateforanythingthatwillchangethecurrentflowingintheohmmetercircuit.TheswitchedresistorRx1throughRx1000selectsthemeter’sresistancerangesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean212Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.18Sanwa460-EDmultimetershowingdetailsofitsscalesandrangesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean213Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.19DigitalvoltmetercircuitprinciplesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean214Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.20DigitalmultimetercircuitprinciplesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean215Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.21Volt-ammetercircuitsfordetermininganunknownresistanceCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean216Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.22Wheatstonebridgecircuits(selectedversions)Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean217Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.23Insulation-testmetercircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean218Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.24BasicbridgemeggercircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean219Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.25A500VbridgemeggerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean220Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.26Modernbattery-poweredinsulationtesterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean221Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.27PotentiometercircuitsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean222Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.28WestonstandardcellCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean223Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.29Cathode-raytubeCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean224Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.30HorizontalandverticalplatesdeflecttheelectronstreamCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean225Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.31SimplifiedblockdiagramshowingthebasicelectronicblocksofalloscilloscopesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean226Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.32VerticalpositioncontrolCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean227Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.33BasicsweepsignalCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean228Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.34VerticalattenuatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean229Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.35Horizontaltime-basecontrol.Thereare21time-basesettingsandanexternalinputpositionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean230Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.36SinusoidalwaveformonanoscilloscopescreenCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean231Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.37(a)EffectofalteringthesweepfrequencyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean232Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.37(b)EffectofalteringthesweepfrequencyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean233Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.37(c)EffectofalteringthesweepfrequencyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean234Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.38Simplifiedblockdiagramofadual-traceoscilloscope.NotethattheoutputsofthetwoverticalpreamplifiersareconnectedtotheverticaldeflectionamplifierwithanelectronicswitchCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean235Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.39CROpatternsforvariousphasedisplacementsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean236Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.40Sketchforexample7.9Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean237Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.41Lissajousfiguresandcorrespondingfrequencyratiosfora90°phaserelationshipbetweenthevoltagesappliedtothetwosetsofdeflectionplatesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean238Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.42(a)LoadingacircuitwithavoltmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean239Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure7.42(b)LoadingacircuitwithavoltmeterCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean240Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.1(a,b,c)TypicalwaveformsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean241Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.1(d,e,f)TypicalwaveformsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean242Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.2(a)Productionofonecycleofa.c.byasimplea.c.generatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean243Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.2(b)Productionofonecycleofa.c.byasimplea.c.generatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean244Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.2(c)Productionofonecycleofa.c.byasimplea.c.generatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean245Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.2(d)Productionofonecycleofa.c.byasimplea.c.generatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean246Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.2(e)Productionofonecycleofa.c.byasimplea.c.generatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean247Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.3IllustratingFleming’sright-handruleCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean248Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.4AlternativealternatorconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean249Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.5Twomethodsforincreasingthegeneratede.m.f.inanalternatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean250Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.6DirectionofeddycurrentsinasolidironcoreCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean251Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.7Shapedpole(minimumairgapatcentreofpole)forproducingsinusoidalwaveformsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean252Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.8SettingconductorsatanangletothepolefacetoproducesinusoidalwaveformsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean253Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.9DistributedwindingsatanangletoimprovesinusoidalwaveformsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean254Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.10(a)RelationshipbetweennumberofpolesandoutputfrequencyforonerevolutionofanalternatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean255Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.10(b)RelationshipbetweennumberofpolesandoutputfrequencyforonerevolutionofanalternatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean256Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.11SinusoidalvoltagewaveformCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean257Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.12Rotatingline—sine-waveconstructionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean258Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.13InstantaneousvaluemethodforproducingasinewaveCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean259Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.14ValuesofasinewaveCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean260Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.15(a)AlternatingcurrentconventionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean261Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.15(b,c)AlternatingcurrentconventionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean262Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.16CurrentlaggingvoltageCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean263Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.17CurrentleadingvoltageCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean264Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.18Addinga.c.valuesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean265Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.19(a)Phasorsforexample8.4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean266Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.19(b)Phasorsforexample8.4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean267Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.19(c)Phasorsforexample8.4Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean268Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.20Purelyresistivecircuitona.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean269Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.21Powerconsumedbyapureresistorona.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean270Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.22Non-inductiveresistorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean271Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.23Currentandvoltageinapurelyinductivecircuitona.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean272Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.24TwoinductorsinseriesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean273Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.25TwoinductorsinparallelCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean274Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.26Powerconsumedbyapureinductorona.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean275Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.27(a)Acapacitorona.c.causesaleadingcurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean276Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.27(b)Acapacitorona.c.causesaleadingcurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean277Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.27(c)Acapacitorona.c.causesaleadingcurrentCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean278Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.28Powerconsumedbyapurecapacitorona.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean279Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.29R–LseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean280Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.30PhasordiagramforacircuitcontainingresistanceandinductanceinseriesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean281Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.31InductorinserieswithanincandescentlampCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean282Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.32Practicalinductorinserieswithalamp(a)CircuitdiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean283Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.32Practicalinductorinserieswithalamp(b)PhasordiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean284Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.33(a)R–CseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean285Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.33(b)R–CseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean286Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.34(a)R–L–CseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean287Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.34(b)R–L–CseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean288Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.35UsingavoltagetriangleinplaceofaphasordiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean289Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.36ImpedancetriangleCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean290Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.37Diagramforexample8.13Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean291Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.38Circuitdiagramforexample8.14Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean292Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.39(a)R–LparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean293Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.39(b)R–LparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean294Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.40(a)R–LcircuitinparallelwithRCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean295Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.40(b)R–LcircuitinparallelwithRCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean296Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.41(a)R–CparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean297Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.41(b)R–CparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean298Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.42(a)R–L–CparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean299Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.42(b)R–L–CparallelcircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean300Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.43Diagramsforexample8.15(a) CircuitdiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean301Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.43Diagramsforexample8.15(b)PhasordiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean302Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.44PowerconsumedbyanR–Lcircuita.c.Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean303Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.44PhasordiagramforanR–LseriescircuitCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean304Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.46PowertriangleCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean305Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.47Phasordiagramforexample8.16Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean306Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.48Circuittoobtainthepowerfactorofasingle-phasemotorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean307Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.49Alternativecircuittofindthepowerfactorofasingle-phasemotorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean308Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.50Phasordiagramforexample8.19Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean309Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.51ConnectingacapacitortoimprovepowerfactorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean310Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.52(a)Diagramsforexample8.20Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean311Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.52(b)Diagramsforexample8.20Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean312Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.53Phasordiagramforexample8.21Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean313Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.54Diagramsforexample8.22(a)CircuitdiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean314Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.54Diagramsforexample8.22(b)PhasordiagramCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean315Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.55SeriesresonantcircuitcharacteristicsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean316Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.56Circuitdiagramforexample8.23Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean317Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.57ParallelresonantcircuitimpedancecharacteristicCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean318Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure8.58Circuitforproblem8.79Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean319Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.1Single-phasealternatorsinparallelCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean320Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.2CorrectconnectionsforvoltagesourcesinparallelCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean321Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.3CirculatingcurrentpathsforreversedconnectionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean322Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.4FrequencydifferenceinparallelalternatorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean323Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.5SeriesalternatorsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean324Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.6(a)Phasorsumoftwoa.c.suppliesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean325Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.6(b)Phasorsumoftwoa.c.suppliesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean326Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.6(c)Phasorsumoftwoa.c.suppliesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean327Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.7(a,b)Phasordifferenceoftwoa.c.suppliesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean328Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.7(c)Phasordifferenceoftwoa.c.suppliesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean329Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.8Twosingle-phasealternatorsat90°toeachotherCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean330Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.9Connectionsforatwo-phasealternatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean331Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.10Alternatorvoltagesforone-,two-andthree-phasesystemsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean332Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.11Threevoltagesat120°phasedisplacementtooneanotherCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean333Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.12(a)Waveformandphasordiagramsforathree-phasesystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean334Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.12(b)Waveformandphasordiagramsforathree-phasesystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean335Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.13Elementarythree-phasealternatorCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean336Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.14Threevoltagesofathree-phasesystemasshownonafour-beamcathode-rayoscilloscope.Thefourthinput,shownasahorizontalline(zerovoltage),hasbeenincludedtoshowabaseorreferenceline.(ComparewithFig.9.12(a).)Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean337Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.15Sequenceofvoltagesinathree-phasesystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean338Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.16Three-phasewindinglayoutCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean339Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.17Constructionofthree-phasesinewavesCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean340Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.18Three-phasestarconnectionsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean341Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.19LineandphasevaluesforastarsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean342Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.20Lineandphasevoltagesforathree-phasestarconnectionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean343Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.21LinevoltageinastarsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean344Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.22Phasordiagramforexample9.1Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean345Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.23SubtractionofphasorstofindthelinevoltagebetweenphasesAandBCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean346Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.24Relationshipsbetweenlineandphasevoltagesinastar-connectedsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean347Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.25Waveformdiagramforathree-phasesystemwithphaseCreversedCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean348Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.26PhasordiagramforreversedphaseCinastar-connectedsystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean349Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.27Linevoltagesforathree-phase,star-connectedsystemwithphasewindingCreversedCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean350Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.28Three-phasedeltaconnectionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean351Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.29VoltagesinadeltasystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean352Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.30CurrentsinadeltasystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean353Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.31(a)LinecurrentsinadeltasystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean354Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.31(b)LinecurrentsinadeltasystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean355Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.32PhasereversalinadeltasystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean356Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.33(a)Distributiondetails,generatortoconsumerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean357Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.33(b)Distributiondetails,generatortoconsumerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean358Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.34SmallsuburbantransformeryardCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean359Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.35Single-wireearth-return(SWER)systemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean360Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.36‘End’transformeronaSWERtransmissionline.Thelinkjoiningthetwosecondariescanbeseen,enablinga240/480Vsystemtobeused,asillustratedinFigure9.35Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean361Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.37Three-phasedistributionsystemsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean362Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.38Phasecurrentsforabalancedthree-phaseloadCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean363Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.39Voltagesandcurrentsinafour-wirestarconnectionCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean364Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.40Phasordiagramforexample9.2Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean365Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.41Phasordiagramforexample9.3Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean366Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.42EffectsofabrokenneutralCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean367Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.43ChangeinvoltageswithabrokenneutralCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean368Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.44LoadsaffectedbyabrokenneutralCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean369Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.45Star-connectedloadsonathree-phasesupplyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean370Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.46Delta-connectedloadsonathree-phasesupplyCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean371Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.47Connectionsforonewattmeterinathree-phase,four-wiresystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean372Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.48Connectionsforonewattmeterinathree-phase,three-wiresystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean373Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.49Connectionsfortwo-wattmetermeasurementofpowerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean374Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.50Powerfactorcurveforthetwo-wattmetermethodofmeasuringpowerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean375Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.51Connectionsforthreewattmeterstoathree-phase,three-wiresystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean376Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.52Connectionsforthreewattmeterstoathree-phase,four-wiresystemCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean377Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.53Phasorsshowingproductionofacross-phasevoltageCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean378Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.54(a)PhasingtransformerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean379Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.54(b)PhasingtransformerCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean380Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.55PhaseshiftingavoltagewithanR–CnetworkCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean381Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.56Three-phasepowermeasurementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean382Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.57Three-phasevarmeasurementCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean383Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean\nFigure9.58RepresentativearrangementoftestterminalsforsmallergeneratingplantsCopyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean384Copyright2003McGraw-HillAustraliaPtyLtdPPTst/aElectricalPrincipalsfortheElectricalTrades5ebyJennesonSlidespreparedbyAnneMcLean