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高中英语模块一Unit1一、重要单词:contest,replace,possession,complete,include,programme,present(v),event,item,venue,timetable,compare,issue,order,dynasty,professor,unnecessary,attractive,underline,approve,generation,require,scary,design,draft,wording,previous,finalize,poem,poet,confident,run(manage,operate),host,hostess,advertise,vote.二.词组:1.atimeofhardwork努力工作的时代2.low-risebuildings低矮的建筑3.(be)ateasewith…(与某人在一起)自由自在4.dreamschoollife理想的校园生活5.havenoexperienceindoing…没有…的经验6.behappywith…对…很高兴、满意7.attendassembly/ameeting参加集会、会议8.thebestwaytodo做…的最好方法9.earnrespectfrom…赢得…的尊敬10.achievehighgrades取得好的成绩、高分11.soundlike(agoodidea)听起来好像12.onaverage平均13.usedtodo…过去常常(现在不这样了)14.abitchallenging有点挑战性15.spend…(in)doing…/on…在…上花费…(时间、金钱)16.atlunchtime在午餐时间17.forfree免费的18.onMondayevenings在星期一晚上19.suchas…/forexample比如、例如20.onschoolfield/inthefieldof…在操场上、在…领域21.getageneralideaof…掌握…的大意22.wordbyword逐字逐句地23.encourage…todo…鼓励…做…24.wouldliketodo…想、要做…25.firstofall首先26.introduce…to…向…介绍…27.surftheinternet上网28.preparetodo…准备做…29.havechancestodo…有机会做…30.(be)available(for…)可利用的31.faraway(from…)远离…32.makesurethat/of…确信、弄清楚33.oncampus校园里34.duringbreaktime在休息时间35.graduatefrom…毕业于…36.developaninterestindoing…培养…(方面)的兴趣\n37.thank…forone’skindness感谢…的仁慈、善良38.makeaspeechabout/on…做关于…的演讲39.inthiscase在这种情况下40.leaveout…省略41.insteadof…代替、而不是42.payattentionto…注意43.inshortform以简短的形式44.compare…and…比较A与B45.regrettodo(say/tell)…遗憾、抱歉地说、告知46.makepreparationsfor…为…做些准备47.beresponsiblefor…对…负责48.doresearchon…做研究三、重点词组:referto指,functionas当作…使用,具有…的功能,leaveout省略,relateto和…相关,payattentionto注意,inshortform用宿略的形式,takeplace发生,makedecisions作决定,makecomparison作比较,taketurns轮流,followtheoutline按照纲要,beresponsiblefor对…负责,consistof包含,由…构成,comeupwith想出,baseon根据,haveitapprovedby…征得…的同意,informsbofsth告知,signup签名参加.【难点讲解】1.考点出处:GoingtoaBritishhighschoolforoneyearwasaveryenjoyableandexcitingexperienceforme.(P2) 考点提炼:动名词作主语,表示一般或抽象的多次行为,谓语用单数。StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.学英语很重要。 考点串联:动名词作主语时,常用以下的结构:It’snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth.。如:It’snousecryingforwhathasbeendone.为已做过的事哭泣是于事无补的。 考点例析:Fishingishisfavouritehobby,and________.(2001上海)\nA.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure
动词V-ing形式做主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次行为,不定式做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
考点纠错:吸烟是一个很难克服的习惯。
误:Tosmokeisaverydifficulthabittogiveup.
正:Smokingisaverydifficulthabittogiveup.
2.考点出处:ThismeansIcouldgetupanhourlaterthanusualasschoolsinChinabeginbefore8a.m.(P2)
考点提炼:mean的用法。
考点梳理:mean用做动词,表示“指的是,意思是,意味着”,后常接V-ing或that引导的从句;当表示“想要,打算”时,后常接动词不定式,相当于wanttodosth.。
Missingthisbusmeanswaitingforthenextone.
Imeantogotomorrow.我打算明天走。
考点例析:—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
—Imeant ________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.(2000上海春季)
A.todo B.to C.doing D.doingso解析:mean作为“打算,想要……”,后接动词不定式。另外,本题还考查动词不定式的省略结构。
\n 考点纠错:你那样说是什么意思?
误:Whatdoyoumeantosaythat?正:Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat考点提醒:Whatdoyoumeanbydoingsth.?你那样做是什么意思?
3.考点出处:Wealsohaddifferentstudentsinsomeclasses,soitwasdifficulttorememberallthefacesandnames.(P2)考点提炼:句中it是形式主语。
考点梳理:用it作形式主语,it代替不定式、主语从句等。
It’snicetobewithyou.和你在一起真好。It’simportantthatwestudyEnglish.我们学习英语是重要的。
考点串联:it可指代if或when从句的内容。
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌人们满嘴含着食物说话。
考点例析:TheForeignMinistersaid,“________ ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004北京)
A.Thisis B.Thereis C.Thatis D.Itis
解析:当句子中的主语是动词不定式或从句时,通常将it用做形式主语放在句首而把真正的主语不定式或从句放在后面。
考点纠错:完成那项工作费了我们两天的时间。
误:Thattookustwodaystofinishthatwork.
正:Ittookustwodaystofinishthatwork.
考点提醒:英语中只有it可作形式主语或形式宾语。4.Besides,Imightbereadingthebooksinyourfather’sbookcases\ninstead.除此之外,我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书,而不是去做作业。Shewillbereadingnewspapersandmagazinesinsteadofdoingherhomework.她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“mightbereading”,“willbereading”属于“情态动词+be+doing”的结构,表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如:Ishallbelyinginbedandwatchingmyfvouritefootballgamebythetimehefinisheshishomework..等他做完家庭作业时,我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead,insteadof+名词(词组)/代词(词组)/doing”都表示“代替,而不是….”5.Themorechoicesyouhave,thebetteryourfinaldecisionswillbe.“The+比较级(adj/adv)或含比较级的词组,the+另一个比较级(adj/adv)或含比较级的词组”,表示“越……就越…”。“比较级+比较级”,表示“越来越……”Sheismoreandmorebeautiful.4.make常见的动宾搭配:maketea/coffee沏茶、冲咖啡,makefriends交朋友,makemistakes犯错误,maketrouble惹麻烦,makeasuggestion提建议,makeafire生火,makefaces做鬼脸,makeadecision做决定,makecomparasions作比较,makealiving谋生,makemoney挣钱,makearequest提要求,makeanapplication申请。【语法】定语从句一.定义1.定语从句:修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.\n先行词关系代词定语从句关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyear
risesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词which/whom引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
2.关系代词前的介词的选择 Don’tbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.(beafraidof害怕)\n注意:1.含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1) Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor. (T)
(2) ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking. (F)2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each, few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
注意:1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换When=at\in\on\duringwhichWhere=at\in\towhichWhy=forwhich(1) Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3) Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn.2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时,如果在从句中不是作状语时,不可用关系副词引导。(1)Thereason(that/which)hegaveforbeinglateisthathismotherwasill.(2)Theymakemethinkofthehappydays(that/which)wespenttogether.(3)Isthisfactorytheone(that/which)theyvisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句\n形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补充说明删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1) TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
(2) Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1) Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2) China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaystocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2) Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)定语从句中的几个特殊的用法一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?
(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(3)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时
\n ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
二)注意用which不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中(1)Shemadegreatprogressandwonaprize,whichgaveusasurprise.2.在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,必须用which.(1) ThisistheknifewithwhichJohnhurtsomebody.3.当关系词后面有插入语时(1) HereistheALDwhich,asIhavetoldyou,isagreathelptoyou.三)在下列情况下,只许用关系代词who,而不用that:1.先行词为those,one,ones,anyone,people等时 ThosewhoarefromQingdaocomethisway.2.当先行词后有较长的后置定语时,或定语从句被分隔时。AteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.3.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时,关系代词多用who Isthereanybodyelsewhoshouldbeinvited.4.当先行词是集体名词时,如果着眼于集体,使用that/which;如果着眼于个体,则使用who(1)Ourteam,whichtookthesecondplacelastyear,playedbetterthisyear.(2)Ourteam,whoareallundertheageoftwenty,willdowellinthefinalmatch.(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子或句子的一部分。
\n (1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思,后边的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这一点”。
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时,常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意:当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同,用that时表示先行词与关系词所指的是同一物体,而用as则指的是相似但却不是同一物。
(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。4.当as在从句中作主语时,后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态,如果从句中是主动语态,一般多使用which(1) Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected. (2) TomgreatprogressinChinese,whichmadeusdelighted.(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising【同步练习】\n一、选择填空:1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone______scoreswaspoor.A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose 2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldgethelp.A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom 4.Theday_______hechoseforhissonweddingwasaluckydayinthelunarcalendar.A.when B.where C.that D.who 5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.which B.where C.that D.when 6.Thismonumentisall______remainsoftheancientkingdom. A.it B.that C.when D.which 7.Hementionedabookthetileof______Ican’tremembernow.A.who B.which C.this D.what 8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice C.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.this B.which C.that D.same11.Onthewallhangsapicture,_____colorisblue.\nA.whose B.ofwhich C.which D.its12.Istillrememberthetime______Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.A.what B.which C.that D.when13.Mr.Fordstilltalksliketheman______hewastenyearsago.A.that B.where C.which D.there14.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich二.阅读理解Inchoosingafriend,oneshouldbeverycareful.Agoodfriendcanhelpyoustudy.Youcanhavefuntogetherandmakeeachotherhappy.Sometimesyouwillmeetfair-weatherfriends.Theywillbewithyouaslongasyouhavemoneyorluck,butwhenyouaredown,theywillrunaway.HowdoIknowwhenIhavefoundagoodfriend?Ilookforcertainqualitiesofcharacter,especiallyunderstanding,honestyandreliability.Aboveallelse,Ilookforunderstandinginafriend.Agoodfriendtriestounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.Heisnotquicktojudge.Instead,hetriestolearnfromothers.Heputshimselfintheotherperson’splace,andhetriestothinkofwaystobehelpful.Heisalsoagoodlistener.Atthesametime,however,agoodfriendishonest.Hedoesnotlookforfaultsinothers.Henoticestheirgoodpoints.Inshort,afriendwilltrytounderstandmeandacceptme.Anotherqualityofafriendisreliability.Icanalwaysdependonagoodfriend.Ifhetellsmehewillmeetmesomewhereatacertaintime,Icanbesurethathewillbethere.IfIneedafavor,hewilldohisbesttohelpme.IfIamintrouble,hewillnotrunawayfromme.Thereisafourthqualitythatmakesafriendspecial.Aspecialfriendissomeone\nwithwhomwecanhavefun.Weshouldenjoyourlives,andwewouldenjoyourfriendship.ThatiswhyIespeciallylikefriendswhoarefuntobewith.AgoodfriendlikesthesamethingsIlike.Weshareexperienceandlearnfromeachother.Agoodfriendhasagoodsenseofhumor,too.Helikestolaughwithme.Thatishowweshareinthejoyofbeingfriends.AndIknowthatheislookingforthesamequalityinme.WhenImeetsomeonewhoisreliable,honest,andunderstanding,IknowI’vefoundafriend!56.Whichofthefollowingqualitiesthewriterthinksisthemostimportantinchoosingafriend?A.Understanding.B.Honesty.C.Reliability.D.Asenseofhumor.57.Ifyouhavefair-weatherfriends,_________.A.theywillgiveyouallthattheyhavewhenyouneedhelpB.youwillberefusedwhenyougetintotroubleC.youwillbecomerichD.youcanbesurethatyougetrealfriends58.Goodfriendsneedto_________.A.alwayspointouteachother’smistakesB.behelpedwithmoneyC.understandeachother’sfeelingsD.havemoneyorluck59.Thispassagemainlydiscuss_________.A.thequalitiesofafriendB.wheretochoosefriendsC.howtogetalongwithfriendsD.theimportanceofhavingafriend