初中英语短文填空答题指导 22页

短文填空·答题指导&训练ByMsWuYingfen\n一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目，究其原因有以下：1、考点不明确：凡涉及到英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。2、内容包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。\n短文填空要求学生在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做短文填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。\n二、短文填空解题思路1、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。\n3、三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。\n三、做短文填空题的注意之处1、语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2、要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。\n3、填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4、有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。\nExerciseOne\nAbarber(理发师)wasworkingwhenamancameinwithaboyafterhim.Thebarberwasaskedtogivehimashave(刮脸)andthe1____ahaircut(理发).2_____themanhadhisshave,he3____thebarberthathewouldliketogodownthestreetforadrinkwhenthebarbercuttheboy’s4____.Themanalsopromisedthathewouldbeback5_____.It6_____thebarberlongtogivetheboyahaircut.Anotherhalfanhour7______andtheboywasstillwaiting.Intheend,thebarberaskedtheboy8____hisfatherwasawaysolong.Theboytoldthebarberthatthemanwasnothis9______atall.Hesaidhemethiminthestreetandwasaskedifhewouldliketohaveahaircut.He10______andfollowedthemanhereforahaircut.hairsoonpassedwhyfatheragreedAftertoldboytook\nExerciseTwo\nEverydaysomepeoplearekilledwhiletheyarecrossingtheroad.Mostofthemareoldpeopleand1________.Oldpeopleareoftenkilled2_______theycan’tseeorhearverywell.Childrenareoftenkilledbecausetheyarenot3_______enough.Theyforgettolookandlistenbeforethey4_____theroad.Acarorabuscan’tstopquickly.Ifitisgoingvery5_____,itwilltravelmanymetres6______itstops.Somepeopledon’talwaysunderstandthis.They7_____acarcanstopinafewmetres.Itisdifficultto8_____howfastacarismoving.Theonlywaytocrosstheroadssafelyistolook9_____ways,rightandleft.Theniftheroadsareempty,you10____cross.becausechildrenfastthinkcarefulcrossbeforeknowbothcan\nExerciseThree\nManyyearsago,anEnglishfamilylivedinChina.Oneevening,animportantChineseofficercameto1_____them.Itgotlaterandlater,andhe2_____didn’tgo,thehostesshadtoinvitehimtohave3______withthem.Butshehadverylittle4_____inthehouse,soshewenttothekitchenandspoketoherChinesecook.Thecooksaid,“Itisallright.Youwillhaveaverygooddinner.”Aftertheyallsatdowntoeat,theladywasvery5_________becausetherewaslotsofgoodfoodonthe6_____.Aftertheofficer7____,thehostessrantothekitchenandaskedthecook,“8_____didyoumakesuchagoodmealinhalfanhour?”“I9______makeit,madam,”hesaid,“Iaskedoneoftheservants(仆人)togototheChineseofficer’shouse,andhe10________backtheChineseofficer’sdinner.”visitleftHowdidn’tbroughtstilldinnerfoodsurprisedtable\nExerciseFour\nLighttravelsataspeed(速度)of300,000kilometersinasecond.It’saboutamilliontimes1_____thanthatofsound,forsoundtravelsonly3402______inasecond.Youcanunderstandthisbigdifference3____watchingthestartofarunningmatch.Ifyoustandfaraway4_____thestarter(发令员),youcan5____thesmokecomingfromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyour6____.Thefastspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Theneareststarissofarawayfromtheearththatthelightfromit7_____fouryearstoreachus.Thelightfromsomeotherstarsbegantotraveltotheearthevenbeforeyouwereborn.So,ifyouwanttobehonest(诚实),you8_____say,“Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight.”Youhavetosay,“Thestarslooknice.Theywereshiningmanyyears9____,buttheirlighthasjust10_______ourplanet.fastermetersbyearsfromseereachedcan’tagotakes\nExerciseFive\nMrBrownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peopleusually1_______newumbrellashere,andsometimestheybroughthim2_____brokenumbrellas.ThenMrBrowntookthemtomendinabigshopinLondon.Oneday,MrBrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3______totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Anoldmanwassittingnexttohimwithanumbrellastandingbytheseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown4______uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgetting5_____,theoldman6_______himandsaidangrily,“That’smyumbrella,notyours!”Mr.Brown’sface7______redandhegavetheumbrellabacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookateachofthem,hesaidtotheshopkeeper,“You’ve8________themverywell.”Intheafternoon,MrBrowntookthetrainhome9_____theumbrellas.Tohis10________,theoldmanwassittingnexttohimagain.HelookedatMrBrownandthesixumbrellas,“You’vehadaluckyday,”hesaid.boughttheirpickedoffstoppedforgotturnedmendedsurprisewith\nExerciseSix\nHerearesomeoldwaystosendmessagesinthepast.AnEgyptian(埃及人)puthiseartotheground.He1______thehorsescomingthisway.Thenheranto2_____hispeople.Hewasaguard.Thatwasoneway3_____Egyptianstosendmessages.Peopleinothercountriessentmessages,too.4______enemiescame,oneman5_____hisdrum.Inthenextvillage,peopleheardthedrumandbeattheirdrums,too.Themessageswent6_____villagetovillagebydrum.Muchmore,somearmies(军队)keptmanypigeons(鸽子).Thesepigeonsalways7_____back.Whenasoldierwassentfarawayfromhisownarmyhemighttakeapigeonalong.Hecouldtieamessagetothebird’s8____.Itwouldflyback9_____thesoldier’smessage.Thesearetheoldwaystosendmessages.Canyouthinkof10___________ways?Whenfromlegforbeatheardtoldflewwithother/more\nExerciseSeven\nThomasEdisonwasagreatAmericaninventors.Whenhewasachild,hewasalways1_______questionsandtryingoutnewideas.Nomatter(无论)howharditwas,he2______gaveup.YoungTomwasinschool3_____onlythreemonths.Histeacherdidn’tunderstand4_____hehadsomanystrangequestions.Andmostofthequestionswerenotabouthislessons.Theteacherdidn’twantto5_______Tomanymore.HeaskedTom’smothertotaketheboyhome.Tom’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite,andshefound6_____tobeaverygoodpupil.Helearntveryfastandbecamevery7__________inscience.Oneday,Tom8_____alittleboyplayingontherailwaytracksatastation.Atrainwascomingnearquickly,andtheboywastoo9__________tomove.Tomrushedoutandcarriedtheboytosafety.Theboy’sfatherwassothankfulthathetaughtTomto10_____messagesbytelegraph.ThathelpedTomwalkintothemagicworldofscience.neverforwhyteachhimsendfrightenedaskinginterestedsaw\n