初中英语动词不定式 7页

动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是notto＋do。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1．作主语可以直接作主语。如：Toseeistobelieve．但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople．It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在Itis＋adj．（形容词）＋todosth．或Itis＋n．（名词）＋todosth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。2．作宾语a．want，decide，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：Weagreedtostartearly．Shewantstobeadoctor．b．love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。如：Ilikeswimming，butIdon'tliketoswimnow．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。c．stop，forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stoptodosth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth．：停止正在做的事。例句：Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk．当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2）思考：forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋todosth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep．Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。3．作宾语补足语a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：Itellhimnottogotherebybus．Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite．b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．Iheardhersinginthenextroom．提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss．Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom．4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：Ihavealotofworktodo．\nThedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？5．表语：放在连系动词be后面例句：Hiswishistobecomeascientist．Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives．当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6．作状语a．目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，inorder等词后面。如：Icometoseeyou．Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime．b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．c．作结果状语。如：Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．7．与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如：Idon'tknowwhattodonext．（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．（宾语补足语）It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．（主语）1.Don'tforget_________theletter.A.tosend     B.send     C.sending     D.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sit         B.siton    C.besat       D.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.this        B.that      C.it          D.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmoke    B.smoking  C.smokes     D.smoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boiling      B.boiled   C.boil         D.toboil6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buy        B.tobuy    C.buying      D.bought7.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towash     B.washing  C.wash       D.tobewashing8.Thesitting-roomneeds_______,butit'llhavetowaituntilSaturday.A.becleaning    B.tobecleaned   C.clean      D.beingcleaned9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohim   B.tovisithim   C.visitinghim    D.visitedhim10.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrink    B.todrink   C.notdrinking   D.drinking一.用动词不定式或ing分词填空1.Ienjoy_________.(sing)2.Whatdoyouwant________(do)next?3.Ilearnt______(swim)whenIwasthreeyearsold.4.Iwasveryupsetandstarted_____(cry).5.Ihope_______(see)youagainsoon.6.Itisafinedaytoday,soIsuggest_____(go)forawalk.\n7.Haveyoufinished_________(mop)thefloor.8.Hewasveryangryandrefuse__(say)anything.9.WhereisLily?Ineed________(talk)withher.10.Iamtoofat,soIhavedecided_________(do)moreexercise.二.选出正确答案()1.Iusuallygo________withmymotheratweekends.A.shopB.toshopC.shopping()2.Heisnotoldenough________toschool.A.togoB.goC.going()3.Themanadmitted_________thebank.A.robB.torobC.robbing()4.Peoplemuststop________downtrees.A.tocutB.cuttingC.cut()5.I’drather_______acupofcoffee.A.tohaveB.havingD.have()6.Mikemanagedtogiveup_________.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke()7.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.A.towaitB.waitingC.wait()8.Shehasanicevoice.Ioftenhearher________inthemorning.A.singingB.tosingC.sing()9.Idon’tliketravelingbyboat,italwaysmakesme______sick.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feel()10.Letme_______youaroundthecity.A.showB.toshowC.showing()11.Iputtheflowersontheporch_______fromtherain.A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.tobeprotected()12.Kathydecided______hardandmakeherself______behindtheothers.A.towork;notfallB.working;nottofallC.towork;fallD.working;tofall()13.Sheforgot_______theTVwhenshelefthome.A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.turningoffD.turnoff()14.Myparentswantme________goodmarks.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got()15.ThedoctoraskedMary________themedicinethreetimesaday.A.nottoremembertakingB.nottoforgettakingC.nottoremembertotakeD.nottoforgettotake()16.Hisjobis________thestudents’meetings.A.organizeB.toorganizeC.organizingD.organized()17.Whatabout_______alettertoyourfriendontheInternet?A.trysendingB.trytosendC.tryingsendingD.tryingtosend()18.Lethim________itbyhimself.A.todoB.doingC.didD.do()19.Thecustomerswatchedtheunusualbird_______intheinn.A.danceB.todanceC.dancedD.dancing()20.Atthepolicestation,theboyadmitted_______thenecklaceatlast.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.steal()21.Itisimpossible________.A.formetogotobedearlyB.tometogotobedearly\nC.formegotobedearlyD.tomegotobedearly()22.Iremember________mywallethere.ButIcan’t_______now.A.putting;findB.toput;findingC.toput;befoundD.putting;befound()23.Couldyoutellme_______workouttheproblem?A.howB.howcanIC.howtoD.howwillI()24.Isawalittleboy________akiteyesterdayafternoon.A.flewB.flyC.toflyD.flying()25.Hisjokesmadeusall_________.A.tolaughB.laughingC.laughD.laughing()26.It’sverykindofyou_______mewithmyEnglish.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps()27.Hepromised__________meanicecar.A.buyB.tobuyC.boughtD.tohavebought()28.Mothertoldme________walkalongtheriver.A.donotB.nottoC.tonotD.not()29.Herambitionis________anengineer.A.becomeB.tobecomeC.beD./()30.You’dbetter________arestnow.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had()31.Thankyoufor________methesecret.A.tellingB.tellC.totellD.told()32.Iusedto______inthecountryside,nowIamusedto_____inthecityA.living;liveB.living;livingC.live;livingD.live;live()33.Thedetectiveisbusy_______cluesandhehas_______somevaluableproof.A.lookingfor;findB.finding;lookedforC.lookingfor;foundD.find;lookedfor()34.Thisfilmisworth________.A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.saw()35.Iwasallowedtoplayfootballafter_________myhomework.A.doB.didC.doingD.done()36.Chinaisbecoming__________.A.strongandstrongBstrongerandstrongC.strongerandstrongerD.strongandstronger()37.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofAmerica.A.thoseB.thatC.itD.this()38.Ourcityisgetting_________.A.morebeautifulandmorebeautifulB.moreandmorebeautifulC.beautifulerandbeautifulerD.beautifulandbeautiful()39.TaxisinShenyangarecheaperthan________inBeijing.A.thatB.itC.thisD.those()40.Iprefer_______basketballto_______football.A.playing;playingB.playing;playC.play;playingD.play;play\n（二）句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1.凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。e.g.WeliveinTianjin.（肯定句）我们住在天津。Wedon'tliveinShanghai.（否定句）我们不住在上海。注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。e.g.JohnstudiesChineseverywell.（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do（does）,did.e.g.Idon'tlikeswimming.我不喜欢游泳。Hedoesn'thavelunchathomeeveryday.他每天不在家吃午饭。Theydidn'tplayfootballyesterday.他们昨天没有踢足球。 2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）,did.e.g.DoyouoftenspeakEnglishatschool?在学校你常讲英语吗？Doesshehaveabrother?=Hasshegotabrother?她有兄弟吗？Didittakeyoutwohourstodoyourhomeworklastnight?昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?星期日你常常干什么？Whendoesyourfathergetupeverymorning?你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？Whydidn'tyourteachercometoschoolyesterday?昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？ 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。e.g.Isherbrotheranartistoradoctor?她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？ShallwegotothecinemaonSaturdayoronSunday?我们是周六还是周日去电影院？反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）两部分的人称和时态要一致。特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。e.g.YoursisterhaseverbeentoShanghai,hasn'tshe?你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？Theboysdidn'tfindanything,didthey?男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes,…，事实是否定的要回答No,….e.g.Heisn'tgoingtothemeeting,ishe?\n他不去参加会，是吗？Yes,heis.不，他要去。No,heisn't.是的/对，他不去。Itdidn'tsnowlastweek,didit?上周没有下雪，对吗？Yes,itdid./No,itdidn't.不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。 3.掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。e.g.Gobacktoyourseat,please.请回到你的座位上去。Don'tmakesomuchnoise.不要吵吵闹闹。Let'sgotoschooltogether!咱们一起上学去吧！（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）Lethimhelpthechild.让他帮助那个孩子。（lethim是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）注意：否定形式是Let's（us,me）+not+动词原形e.g.Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。4.表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语Hownicetheflowersare!花多漂亮啊！Howhardheworks!他工作的多努力啊！（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.结构：Whata（an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语e.g.Whataclevergirl（sheis）!她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！Whatdeliciousfood!多么好吃的食物啊！反意疑问句练习1.Mymomboughtmeamediumcoke,______?2.Youwenttoyourgrandma'shome,________?3.Hewillgohome,________?4.Shedoesn'tliketoeatapples,_______?5.Yourroomlookssobig,_______?6.Youwon'tsleepearly,_________?7.Yourareneverlateforschool,_______?8.Youwatchedthefootballmatchlastweek,______?9.Mymotheriscooking,__________?10.Yourfatherplaysthecomputerverywell,__________?11.Youweremovedbyyourstudents,________?12.Joggingmakesushealthy,______________?13.Thesewingmachinecanmaketheclothes,_____?14.Mymotherdoesn'tenjoysmoking,_____?15.Youdon'twanttoboateacherinthefuture,________?16.Youlooksohappytoday,________?三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。（答案不唯一）⒈A:Jillisdrawingabeautifulpicture.B:___________________________⒉A:MrWangisabusyman.B:___________________________⒊A:Thecatisveryhappy.B:___________________________⒋A:Thetractorisgoingveryslowly.B:___________________________⒌A:Heisverylucky.B:___________________________⒍A:Itisawetdaytoday.B:___________________________⒎A:Theystartedearly.B:___________________________⒏A:Theywaitedalongtime.B:___________________________⒐A:Heiswearingalargeshirt.B:___________________________\n⒑A:Thedolphinisplayinghappily.B:___________________________