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初中英语语法难点及教学策略贵阳十中余嬿\n一、引言英语作为语言的一种,其学习也要遵循它的基本规律。英语语法能力的掌握是掌握其它诸多能力的基础。有了一定的语法基础,对于学生能准确的表达、正确的理解,有着至关重要的作用。\n我在初中英语语法教学中的一些方法演绎归纳穿插教学法比较教学法图表教学法表格教学法口诀教学法\n1.演绎,归纳穿插教学法:案例一:语法:一般将来时一、概念:即将发生的动作或存在的状态。二、构成:主语+will/begoingto+V原+其它三、标志词:tomorrownextin+将来的段时间等\n例如:我们明天要去看电影。Wewillgotoseeamovietomorrow.2.我和我的父母下个星期天要去看我的爷爷奶奶。MyparentsandIwill/aregoingtoseemygrandparentsnextSunday.\n案例二:IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.先行词指物关系代词作宾语可省Ilikemusicianswhowritetheirownsongs.先行词指人关系代词作主语不可省Shelikessingerswhosingthewordsclearly.先行词指人关系代词作主语不可省Hedoesn’tlikesongsthataretooloud.先行词指物关系代词作主语不可省\n2.比较教学法:案例三:1.tomorrow,athome.freethisnight,you.you,Englishwell.adoctor,thesickboy.++,++IfIfIfitI主语rainsamV原/现三单weI主语willcanWill/canstayhelpV原IfIfIfIhe主语++,++werewereV过去式Ihe主语wouldcouldwould/couldstudyhelpV原\nnearbehindunderoninInfrontof3.图表教学法beside\n第一人称第二人称第三人称主格IWeYouHeSheItThey宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词4.表格教学法:meusyouHerHimitthem\n5.口诀教学法:1)名词由单数变为复数,以o结尾的词有:Negro,hero,tomato,potato.我们可以这样说:黑人,英雄吃土豆和西红柿。2)名词由单数变为复数,以f(fe)结尾的词有:leaf,half,wife,knife,self,wolf,thief.我们可以这样说:树叶,半数自己数,妻子拿刀去割粮,然后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。3)基数词变序数词的口诀:一,二,三要全变,八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,y变成ie,th最后加上去,若是碰到几十几,只变个位就可以。\n区别:sometimes,sometimes,sometime,sometime口诀:有“s”是“有时”,无“s”是“某时”,有“s”分开“好几次”,无“s”分开“一段时”\n二、英语句子结构和英语句子成分讲解及练习\n1.Shecame.主+不及物动词2.ShelikesEnglish。主+及物动词+宾语3.Sheishungry.主+系+表4.ShegaveTomagift.主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语\n5.Sheboughtabookforme.主+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语6.Shemakeshermotherangry主+动词+宾语+宾语补足语7.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthebook.主+动词+宾语+宾语补足语\n英语简单句的五种基本句型S+V+O主+谓+宾S+V主+谓(不及物动词)S+V+P主+系+表S+V+O+O主+谓+双宾语S+V+O+C主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语\nWesawyou.否:Wedidn’tseeyou.Wedidourhomework.Youarebeautiful否:Youaren’tbeautiful.Youseemworried.Youareastudent.都有三部分,主语也一样.时态一致动词不同(实义动词,系动词),否定式不同:+助动词,不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语相同点:不同点:\n句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。\n1、I’mMissYu.2、Tomcleanshisbedroomeveryday.3、MynameisYuYan.4、HecanspeakEnglish.Hegavemeagift.Hegaveagifttome.(主语)(谓语)(表语)(宾语)(间宾)(直宾)(直宾)(间宾)\n5、Wuhanisabigcity.6、Heworkshard.7Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.Heoftenhelpsmedomyhomework.TheteacherwantedmetolearnEnglishallbymyself.WhereisyourclassmateTom?(定语)(状语)(宾语补足语)(宾语补足语)(宾语补足语)\n1.Subject(主语)ThesunrisesintheeastHelikesswimming.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.ItisveryhardthatwestudyEnglishwell.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(主语从句)(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)\n(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.\nVerb:(谓语)WestudyEnglish. Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon‘tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.beB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon(B)(A)(C)(A)\n3.Predicative:(表语)Sheisanurse.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Ourteacherisin.Abagisonthedesk.Mykeyislost.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(名词)(数词)(形容词)(副词)(介词短语)(形容词化的分词)\n常见连系动词状态系动词,用来表示主语的状态,只有be动词一词。持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况和态度。主要有keep,stay,remain等。感官系动词,也叫半系动词,主要有look,feel,smell,sound,taste.变化系动词,用来表示主语怎么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get等。\n归纳:一个“是”(is,am,are);一个“感觉”(feel);一个“保持”(keep);一个“似乎”(seem);四个“起来”(taste;smell;look;sound)口诀:一“是”;一“感”;一“保持”;‘起来’四个;“好像”一下“变了”三\nEg:Heisateacher.Wemustkeepourclassroomclear.Everyoneshouldstayhealthy.Thatsoundsinteresting.Theorangetastesgood.Thedaygetslongerinsummer.Hebecamemadafterthat.\n比较:Thedinnersmellsgood.(晚餐闻起来很香。)Thegirlissmellingtheflower.(那女孩正在闻着花。)Icansmellsomethingburning.(我能闻到有一股烧焦的味道。)\n(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Heisthefirstmantoknowaboutit.①tired ②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤first\n4.Object:(宾语)1)IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Ienjoyplayingbasketballwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Doyouknowwherehelives?(名词)(代词)数词动名词(动词不定式)(宾语从句)\n2)Heboughtmeabookyesterday.=Heboughtabookformeyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.=Givesomemoneytothepoorman.\n(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.①hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation④newwords ⑤togoswimming\n5.Objectivecomplement(宾语补足语)Weelectedhimmonitor.Weshouldn’tmakethemunhappy.Ifoundnobodyin.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Don’tlethimdothat.Mymotheraskedmetomakethebed.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.I’llhavemybikerepaired.\n(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①ShelikesthechildrentoreadEnglishinthemorning.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttofinishthework.④TheycallmeMeimeisometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥Didyouhearhimsingingthesong?\n6.Attribute:(定语)YuYanisanEnglishteacher.Sheismygoodfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.ThemanoverthereismyhusbandThewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(名词)(代词)(数词)(形容词)(副词)(介词)\nTheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(现在分词)(过去分词)(不定式)(定语从句)\n(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.\n7.Adverbial:(状语)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesingingverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(时间)(地点)(原因)(目的)(结果)(程度)(条件)(方式)(让步)\n(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmile.②heheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglish④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelling⑤MissLihurriedoff.onherfaceEverynightwhenhewaseleven.toofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,\n互动一:Therebe句型的教法\nTherebe句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,即:它指存在的有,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“某地(时候)有……某人/某物”。句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词或名词词组。Eg:1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenandamanwaitingforyouatthegate.4.Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.\n从上面例句可以看出,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况:(1)该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数;主语若为复数,be动词也用复数。(2)该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致。例如:1.There____atreeinfrontofthebuilding.2.There_____threeapplesonthetable.3.There_____onlytwopens,adictionaryandatextbookonthedesk.isareare\n拓展:Therebe句式中,be动词有各种变化形式。(1)be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等。例如:1.Therearealotofpeopleinthemeeting-room.2.Therewaslittleleft.3.Therehavebeenmanysuchtrafficaccidentsinthepastfewyears.4.Whenhegotthere,hefoundtherehadbeennoonewaitingforhimintheroom.5.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.6.Thereisgoingtobeastormtomorrowmorning.\n(2)Therebe句式中,be之前可以有情态动词。常用句型为:Theremaybesb./sth…+某地.(可能有某人/某物在某地)Theremustbesb./sth…+某地.(一定是有某人/某物在某地)Theremaybesomepeoplewhodon’tlikethefilm.2.Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.\n互动二:英语中时态的教法一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时进行时过去完成时过去将来时\nnowfuturepast\nNow:一般现在时:dodoes现在进行时:bedoingPast:一般过去时:did现在完成时:have/hasdone现在完成进行时:have/hasbeendoing过去完成时:haddoneFuture:Will/shalldoBegoingtodoBetodo以动词do为例\nThanksforyourlistening!