初中英语阅读理解100篇 58页

1Shumeihasmanypen-friendsaroundtheworld.Shelikeswritingtothemandreceivingtheirlettersinreturn.Shestatedwritingtoherfirstpen-friend,ThomasWrightfromBritain,whenshewastenyearsold.Theyhavebeenwritingtoeachotherfortwoyearsnow.Shumeienjoyswritingtopeoplefromothercountiesbecauseshefindsitveryinterestingtolearnmoreaboutthosecountiesandthedifferentthings.Shehopestovisitherpen-friendssomeday,butshewillcontinuewritingtothemandenjoyingtheirfriendship.Shewillalsotrytolookforpen-friendsfromothercountiessuchasJapan,ChinaandFrance.Shumei有很多世界各地的笔友。她喜欢写信给他们，喜欢收到他们的回信。当她10岁时，开始给第一位来自英国的笔友ThomasWright写信。他们互相写信至今已有两年了。Shumei之所以喜欢写信给外国人，是因为她觉得更多地了解那些国家和不同的事物是件很有趣的事情。她希望有一天去拜访她的笔友，但是她会继续写信给他们，分享他们的友谊。她也期待着来自外国的笔友，如日本，中国和法国的朋友。2Thebossfoundaboyinthestockroomjuststandingarounddoingnothing.“Howmuchdoyougetpaidaweek?”Heaskedtheboy.Theboyreplied,“Twentydollars.”Takingatwentydollarbilloutofhiswallet,thebossgaveittotheboyandsaid,“Here,takethis.Nowgetoutofhereanddon’tcomeback.”Astheboywalkedoutthedoor,thebosssaidtothemanager,“Howlonghasthatlazykidbeenworkingforus?”“Hedoesn’tworkforus,”repliedthemanager.“Hejustdeliveredapackage.”老板在储藏室里看见一个男孩正站着，无所事事。他问这个男孩：“你一个星期得到多少报酬？”。这个男孩回答说：“20美元。”老板从他的钱包里拿出了20美元的钞票，给了这男孩，说：“收好了。现在，从这里滚出去，不要回来了”。当男孩走出门去，老板对经理说：“这么懒惰的孩子为我们工作多长时间了？”“他不适合为我们工作，”“经理回答说。“他刚才来送包裹的。\n3“Peterhasjustcomebackfromtheshops,”saidMrs.James.“Hewantedtobuysomenewfootballboots,buthewasn’tabletofindanythatwererightforhim.”“Weretheyallthesame?”Iasked.“Hesaidtheyshowedhimdifferentpairsbuthedidn’tlikeanyofthem.”“WhatisPetergoingtodoabouthisboots,then?”Iasked.“Well,theshoptoldhimtocomebackthenextweek.It’soutabigproblembecausehedoesn’tneedtohavethembeforethenewschoolterm.Buthealwaysbeginstogethisthingsreadyearly.Forexample,hehasneverbeenlateforschool.”“Mydaughterisdifferent,”Isaid,“Ihavetothrowheroutwhenit’stimeforschool.”“彼得刚刚从商店回来，”詹姆斯太太说。“他想买新的足球鞋，但他没能找到适合他的。”“球鞋款式都一样吗？”我问道。“他说店员给他看了不同的样式，但他都不喜欢。”“那么，彼得怎么办呢？”我问。“嗯，店员告诉他下周再来。这不是个大问题，因为在新学年开始之前，他还不需要球鞋。但他总是提前做准备工作。比如，他从不迟到。”“我的女儿就不同了，”我说，“每到上学时间我都不得不‘扔’她出去。”4Theworldisfilledwithmanyinterestingsounds.Someareunpleasanttoourearswhileothersareverypleasanttohear.Inasingledayyouprobablyhearhundredsofdifferentsounds.Allsoundsaredifferent.Somemaybeloud.Somearehigh;othersarelow.Somesoundsareuseful.Withoutsoundwecannottalkorlistentooneanother.Theringingofthealarmclockwakespeopleup.Thehootingofacarwarnspeopleofdanger.Somesoundsareharmful.Whenplanesflylowovertheland,theveryloudsoundscandamagethehouses.Veryloudsoundscanevenmakepeopledeaf.Weknowsoundtravelaboutonekilometerinthreeseconds.Inathunderstormyouseethelightningfirstandthenhearthethunder.Thisisbecauselighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Nexttimeyouseelightning;countthenumberofsecondsbeforeyouhearthethunder.Dividethisnumberofsecondsbeforeyouhearthunder.Dividethisnumberby3.Thiswilltellyouhowmanykilometersawaythethunderstormis.这个世界充满了许多有趣的声音。对于我们的耳朵而言，有些是不舒适的，有些则是悦耳动听的。在一天之内你可能听到数以百计的不同声音。所有的声音是不同的。有些可能是响亮的。有些高的，有些低的。有些声音是有用的。没有声音，我们彼此不能听说。闹钟铃声唤醒人们。汽车的啼声警示处于危险状况的人们。\n有些声音是有害的。当飞机在陆地上方低空飞行，巨大的声音可能会损坏房屋。巨大的声音，甚至可以使人耳聋。我们知道，3秒钟里声音传播约1公里。在雷雨天你先看到闪电，然后再听到雷声。这是因为光的速度比声音的速度传播得快的多。下次看到闪电，在听到雷声之前，你计算闪电秒数。均分听到雷声之前的秒数，即除以3。这会告诉你多少公里外有雷雨风暴。5Tommyhasalittledog.HernameisGoldier.Sheisprettyandinteresting.Tommylovesherverymuch.Theotherday,GoldierwasoutwalkingwithTommy.Shecutherpawonabitofglass.Whentheyarrivedhome,Tommy’smotherthoughtthatthecutwasdeep.SheaskedTommytotakeGoldiertothevet.Thevetwasverykind,andhegaveheraninjection.Thenhestitchedupthecutandputonabandage.Goldierlookseversofunnyasshewalksonthreelegs,holdingherpawasifshehasbeentowar!汤米有一只小狗。它名叫Goldier。它可爱而有趣。汤米很喜欢它。几天前，Goldier跟着汤米外出散步。它的爪子踩到了碎玻璃。当他们回到家里，汤米的母亲认为它的伤口深。她让汤米带Goldier去兽医那儿检查。兽医非常和气，他给Goldier打了针，然后缝合伤口并缠上绷带。Goldier只用三条腿走路，看上去太好笑了，它抬起伤爪子，好像是刚刚去过战场！6Longagopeopleusedbellsmorethantheydotoday.Thepostmanusedtoringahandwhenhedeliveredtheletters.Fireengineshadbellsinsteadofsirens.Peoplewhosoldthingscamepasthouses,ringingabellandshoutingwhatwasforsale.Everyvillagehaditschurchbelltoletpeopleknowitwastimetogotochurch.Atnight,thisbellwasrungsothattravelerwouldfindthevillageinthedark.Inmostcounties,bellswerehungaroundthenecksofanimals.Thebellshelpedownerstofindlostcowsorgoats.Today,inIndia,animalsstillwearbells.Nowbellsareusedlessandless.Buzzers,sirensandhornshavetakentheirplace.Nowpeopletrytokeeptheoldbellsinschoolsandchurchessotheywillnotlosetheirbeautifulsoundsforever.\n从前人们使用铃声比现在使用得更广泛。邮递员在投递信件的时候使用手打铃。消防车使用警铃，而不是警报器。卖东西的人来到老式住宅区，摇响铃声，高喊吆呼卖东西。每个村庄里使用各自的教堂钟声告知人们去教堂的时间。晚上，教堂钟声响起，能让旅行者在黑暗中找到村庄。在大多数国家，响铃挂在动物的脖子上。响铃帮助业主寻找丢失的牛或山羊。今天，在印度，动物仍然挂着响铃。现在钟声使用得越来越少。蜂鸣器，警报器及喇叭已占有一席之地，人们尽量在学校和教堂使用老式钟，那些美丽的钟声将永远不会消失。7Agoodbreakfastinimportant.Wecaneasilyundergroundit.Wehavenoteatenanythingforabouttwelvehoursbybreakfasttime.Ourbodiesneedfoodformorningactivities.Onegoodbreakfastshouldbericeorbread,anegg,milkandfruit.Oncoldmorningacupofhotdrinkisnecessary.Wemustgetupearlytohaveplentyoftimetoeatbreakfast.Agoodbreakfasthelpsustobemorefriendlyandalsotoworkbetterandplaymorehappily.一份营养早餐是重要的。我们可以很容易理解。到早餐时间之前我们约12个小时没有吃任何东西了。我们的身体需要补充食物以应对整个上午的活动。一份营养早餐应该包括大米，面包，鸡蛋，牛奶和水果。在寒冷的早晨，一杯热饮品是必要的。我们必须早起以便有充足的时间吃早餐。一份营养早餐有助于我们更加友善，也有助于我们将工作做得更好，玩得更快乐。8InBritaineverytownhasapubliclibraryandtherearebranchlibrariesinmanyvillages.Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostsnothingtoborrowthem.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowasmanybooksasyouwant,butinothersyouarelimitedtoacertainnumberofbooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishallthebooksyou’veborrowed.Thelatestnovelsarealwaysingreatneed,andnon-fictionbooks,suchasbooksonhistory,scienceandgardening,arewell-loved,too.\nIfthebooksyouneedareout,youmayaskforthemtobekeptforyouwhentheyarereturned,andifyoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillletyouknowwhenthebooksarebackandarereadyforyou.Mostpubliclibrariesalsohaveareading-roomtherearetablesanddesksatwhichyoucansitandreadthedailynewspapersandalltheotherimportantperiodicals(theweeklies,themonthliesandthequarterlies).Inthereferencelibrarythereareencyclopedias,dictionaries,booksofmapsandotherusefulbooks.Butyoucanonlyusethesebooksthere.Youcannottakethemout.在英国，每个乡镇都有公共图书馆，很多乡村有分馆。任何人都可以借阅图书且无需费用。在一些地方，你想借多少本书籍就可以借多少本，但在别处，你几个星期内借阅一定数量的图书是受限制的，这样你有足够的时间来完成你借的所有书籍。最新小说总有很强的借阅需求，非小说类书籍，如历史，科学和园艺书籍，也深受喜爱。如果你需要借阅的书籍已借出了，你可以要求他们当该书归还时为你保留，如果你付费发送明信片，图书管理员将告知你书籍什么时候归还的，并为你备妥。大多数公共图书馆都有一个阅读室，那里有[tablesand？desks]桌子和椅子，你可以坐下来阅读报纸和所有其他重要期刊（周刊，月刊和季刊）。在图书馆的参考室里，有百科全书，字典，地图册和其他有用的书籍。但你只可以在那里使用这些书籍。你不能外借。9EverymorningMikegoestoworkbytrain.Ashehasalongtrip,healwaysbuysanewspaper.Ithelpstomakethetimepassmorequickly.OneTuesdaymorning,heturnedtothesportspage.Hewantedtoreadthereportaboutanimportantfootballmatch.Thereportwassointerestingthatheforgottogetoffathisstation.Hedidn’tknowituntilhesawthesea.Hegotoffatthenextstation,andhadtowaitalongtimeforatraintogoback.Ofcourse,hegottotheofficeverylate.Hisbosswasveryangry.每天早晨，Mike坐火车去上班。由于路程漫长，他总是买张报纸。这有助于快速消磨时间。一个星期二的早上，他翻到了体育版。他想阅读有关一场重要的足球比赛的报道。该报道非常有趣，他到站忘记下车了。直到看到了大海，他才知道过站了。他在下一站下了车，不得不等待很长时间坐车返回。当然，他很晚才到办公室。他的老板非常生气。10\nMollywastheonlylittlegirlonherstreet,butwhenshewaseightyearsold,anothergirlcametoliveinthehouseoppositehers.Thenewgirlwaseightyearsoldtoo,andhernamewasJoan.Joanhadtwobrothers.Shedidn'tgotothesameschoolasMolly,buttheysoonbegantoplaytogetherafterschool.OnedayJoancamehome,hadhermilkandcookies,andthenwenttoMolly’shouse.Shesaidtoherfriend,“HiMolly,willyoucometomyhousetoplay?I’vegotanicenewgame.”Mollyanswered,“I’vesorry,Joan,butmymotherwon’tletmeplaywithyoutoday,becauseyourbrotherGeorgehasabadcold,andshedoesn'twantmetogetit,too.”“Oh,that’sallright,Molly,”Joanansweredquickly.“Georgeisn’treallymybrother.He’smystep-brother.”[step-brother继父或者继母的儿子]Molly是她街区里唯一的小女孩，但是当她8岁时，另一名女孩搬来了，就住在她家对面。新来的女孩也是8岁，她的名字叫Joan。Joan有两个兄弟。她没有在Molly的同一所学校上学，但在放学后，他们很快就开始一起玩了。有一天，Joan回到家里，吃完牛奶和饼干，然后前往Molly的家。她对她的朋友说，“嗨，Molly，你来我家玩吗？我有一个好玩的新游戏。”Molly回答，“对不起，Joan，今天我的母亲不让我跟你玩了，因为你的兄弟George得了重感冒，她不想让我也得重感冒。”“哦，没事，Molly，”Joan很快回答。“George不是我的嫡亲兄弟。他是我的非亲兄弟。”11“Daddy,canIlearntoplaytheviolin?”youngSarahaskedherfather.Shewasalwaysaskingforthingsandherfatherwasnotpleased.“Youcostmealotofmoney,Sarah,”hesaid.“Firstyouwantedtolearnhorseriding,thendancing,thenswimming.Nowit’sviolin.”“I’llplayiteveryday,Daddy,”Sarahsaid.“I’lltryveryhard.”“Allright,”herfathersaid.“ThisiswhatI’llpayforyoutohavelessonsforsixweeks.Attheendofsixweeksyoumustplaysomethingforme.Ifyouplaywell,youcanhavemorelessons.Ifyouplaybadly,Iwillstopthelessons.”“OK,Daddy,”Sarahsaid.“Thisisfair.”HesoonfoundagoodviolinteacherandSarahbeganherlessons.Theteacherwasveryexpensive,butherfatherkepthispromise.Sixweekspassedquickly.ThetimecameforSarahtoplayforherfather.Shewenttothelivingroomandsaid,“I’mreadytoplayforyou,Daddy.”“Fine,Sarah,”herfathersaid.“Begin.”Shebegantoplay.Sheplayedverybadly.Shemadeaterriblenoise.Herfatherhadoneofhisfriendswithhim,andhisfriendputhishandsoverhisears.WhenSarahfinished,herfathersaid,“Welldone,Sarah.Youcanhavemorelessons.”Sarahranhappilyoutoftheroom.Herfather’sfriendturnedtohim.“You’vespentalotofmoney,butshestillplaysverybadly,”hesaid.“Well,that’strue,”herfathersaid.“ButsinceshestartedlearningtheviolinI’vebeenabletobuyfiveflatsinthisbuildingverycheaply.InanothersixweeksI’llownthewholebuilding!”“爸爸，我可以学习拉小提琴吗？”小Sarah问她的父亲。她总是要这要那的，她的父亲很不高兴。“Sarah，你让我花费很多钱了，”他说。“一开始，你想学骑马，然后想学跳舞，然后想学游泳。现在又想学小提琴。”“爸爸，我会每天都练习的，”Sarah说。“我会尽最大的努力。”“好吧，”她的父亲说。“我将为你支付6周课程的意思是：到6周末，你必须拉给我听听。如果你拉得好，你可以上后面的课程。如果你拉得不好，我将停止后面的课程。”“行，爸爸，”Sarah说。“这是公平的。”他很快找到了很好的小提琴教师，Sarah就开始了她的课程。学费很昂贵，但她的父亲信守自己的承诺。\n六个星期很快就过去了。Sarah向她父亲汇报的时间来到了。她走到客厅，说：“爸爸，我准备好了。”“好吧，Sarah，”她的父亲说。“开始吧。”她开始拉琴。她拉得非常糟糕。她拉出了一种极难听的声响。她父亲的一个朋友也在，他的朋友把双手捂着耳朵。当Sarah拉完后，她的父亲说：“干得好，Sarah。你可以上后面的课程。”Sarah高兴地跑出了房间。她父亲的朋友转过来，面对他说：“你花了那么多钱，她还是拉得那么糟糕，”“嗯，就是这样子，”她的父亲说。“但自从她开始学习小提琴，我已经在这座大楼里非常便宜地购买了5个单位。再过6个星期，我将拥有整座大楼！”12WhenMarywasfourteen,hermothergaveherabeautifulring.Itwasabirthdaypresent,andMarywasverypleased.Butaweeklater,shewasverysad,becausewhenshewasworkinginthekitchen,shelostthering.Shelookedeverywhere,butshecouldn’tfindit.Sheevenlookedinthedrainoutsidethekitchen,buttheringwasnotthere.ThateveningherbrotherTomwaseatingsomecakes.“Whomadethesecakes?”hesaid.“Theyareexcellent.”“Imadethem,”Marysaid.Shewaspleasedthatherbrotherlikedthem.Marylikedcookingverymuch.“Arethereany…?”tomstartedtoask.Thenhestoppedsuddenly.Heopenedhismouthandtookaringout.“Wheredidthiscomefrom?”heasked.“Thisisastrangetypeofcake!”Marywaspleased.“Myring!”shesaid.Shetookittothekitchen.Shewasheditandthenwentbackandthankedherbrother.“I’msorryyouhadasurprise,”shesaid,“butthankyouverymuchforfindingmyring.I’llcooksomemorecakesforyoutomorrowasareward.”Mary14岁时，她的母亲给了她一个漂亮的戒指。这是一个生日礼物，Mary感到非常高兴。但一个星期之后，她很伤心，因为当她在厨房里工作时，她丢失去了戒指。她到处都找遍了，但她无法找到它。她甚至查看了厨房外的排水管道，但是戒指不在那儿。那天晚上，她的兄弟Tom正在吃蛋糕。“这些蛋糕是谁做的？”他说，“太棒啦。”“我做的，”Mary说。她感到高兴的是她的哥哥喜欢这些蛋糕。Mary很喜欢烹饪。“什么啊...？”Tom开始问。他突然停了。他张开他的嘴，取出了戒指。“这是从哪里来的？”他问。“这是一个奇异的蛋糕！”Mary很高兴。“我的戒指！”她说。她拿着戒指进了厨房。她清洗一下，然后回来并向她的兄弟表示感谢。“对不起，让你受惊了，”她说，“但是非常谢谢你帮我找到了戒指。为了表示感谢，明天我将为你多做一些蛋糕。”13Tomisalittleboy,andheisonlysevenyearsold.Onedayhewenttothecinema.Itisthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.Heboughtaticketandthenwentin.butaftertwoorthreeminuteshecameout,boughtasecondticketandwentinagain.Afterafewminuteshecameoutandboughtathirdticket.Twoorthreeminuteslaterhecameoutandaskedforanotherticket.Thenthegirlintheticketofficeaskedhim,“Whydoyoubuysomanytickets?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?”tomanswered,“No,Ihavenofriendhere.Butabigboyalwaysstopsmeatthedoorandtearsmytickettopieces.”\nTom是一个小男孩，他只有7岁。有一天，他到戏院看戏。这是他第一次去看戏。他买了票，然后走了进去，但是过了两，三分钟，他出来了，买了第二张票，再次进去。几分钟后他出来买了第三张票。两，三分钟后，他又走了出来，重新要买票。于是，售票处里的女孩问他：“你为什么买这么多票？你遇见了多少朋友？”汤姆回答说：“不，这里没有我朋友。但是在门口，一个大男孩总是挡住我，把我的票撕成碎片。”14Adetectiveisapolicemanbutdoesn’twearauniform.Heworksinhisordinaryclothes.Ifhewearsauniform,robberswillknowthatheisapoliceman.Thentheywillavoidhim.Todetectmeansto“findout”.Adetectivefindsoutwhodoesbadthings.Hecansitinacoffee-shopwithotherpeople.Hecanlistentopeopletalking.Somethievescome,thepolicemenwillcatchthem.Adetectivecangotoafootballmatch.Hecanwatchforpick-pocketsarepeoplewhostealthingsfromotherpeople’spockets.Adetectivemustbeclever,honestandbrave.Heworkshardandhelpstoprotectus.侦探是一名警察，但不穿制服。他穿便服工作。如果他穿着制服，匪徒会知道他是一名警察。然后，他们就会避开他。做侦探意味着“发现”。侦探发现谁做了坏事。他可以与其他人一样坐在咖啡馆里。他可以听人说话。小偷出现了，侦探将抓住他们。侦探可以到足球比赛场。他可以监视从别人口袋里窃取财物的扒手们。侦探必须聪明，诚实和勇敢。他努力工作，保护着我们。15DongJianhuawasborninShanghaiin1937.HisfatherwasDongHaoyun,thekingoftheshipinHongKong.DongJianhuawashiselderson.In1949,hecametoHongKongwithhisfather.Attheageofthirteen,hestudiedinZhonghuaMiddleSchool.In1954,hewenttoEnglandtostudythemechanicalengineering.Fiveyearslater,hereceivedaBachelorofScienceinLiverpoolUniversity.LaterhewenttoAmericaandheworkedintheGeneralElectricalCompanyinAmerica.Therehehadstayedfortenyears.HereturnedtoHongKongagainin1969.InHongKong,hehelpedhisfatherdobusinessinshippingandopenedanairlinefromHongKongtoEuropeandAmerica.Heneverstressedthefoodorclothing.Inhissparetime,helikesreadingnewspapersandstudyingChinesehistory.Healsolikessports.OnDecember11,1996,DongJianhuawaselectedthefirstseniorofficeofHongKong.HetookofficeonJuly1,1997.\n1937年董建华在上海出生。他的父亲董好运，是香港的船王。董建华是他的大儿子。1949年，他随父亲来到香港。13岁时，他在中华中学读书。1954年，他到英国学习机械工程。五年后，他获得英国利物浦大学的理科学士学位。此后，他到美国，在美国GE公司工作。他在那里呆了十年。他在1969年回到香港。在香港，他帮助父亲做航运业务，开辟香港至欧美航线。他从来不讲究吃穿。在业余时间，他喜欢阅读报纸和学习中国历史。他还喜欢运动。在1996年12月11日，董建华当选为第一任香港特首。他于1997年7月1日就任。16Theclassroomwasveryquiet.Twenty-fourgirlswerehavingahistorylesson.Theyhadbooksopeninfrontofthemontheirdesks,andtheirteacherwastalkingtothem.TheschoolwasinPoland.Thetimewas1877.AtthattimemuchofPolandwasapartofRussia.Childrencouldnotlearnthehistoryoftheirowncountryinschoolorevenusetheirownlanguage.ButtheteacherwasstillteachingPolishhistoryinPolish.Suddenlythebellrang.Twolongrings,twoshortrings.Thegirlsknewwhatthatmeant.QuickhandsclosedallthePolishbooks.Fourgirlsranupanddowntheclassroomandpickedthemup,andthentheyranoutthroughadoorwiththebooks.ThegirlsquicklytooksomesewingfromtheirdesksandtheteachergotoutaRussianbook.JustthenaRussianofficialcamein,andaskedtheteacher,“Whatareyoureadingtotheclass?”theteachersaid,“Russianstories.”“Now,”hesaid,“I’dliketoaskoneofyousomequestions.”“Manya,pleasestandup,”theteacherorderedquietly.Alittlegirlstoodup.AfterManyaansweredallhisquestions,theRussianofficialwalkedoutoftheclassroom.ThelittlegirlManyabecameMadameCurie,thegreatwomanscientist.教室里非常安静。24个女孩正在上历史课。在他们面前的课桌上他们打开着书，他们的老师在讲课。学校在波兰。当时是1877年，波兰的许多地方已沦为俄国的一部分了。在学校里，孩子不能学习自己国家的历史，甚至不能使用自己的母语。但老师仍然用波兰语讲授波兰历史。突然间铃响了。两声长铃，两声短铃。女孩们知道这意味着什么。双手快速合上所有的波兰书本。四个女孩在教室里跑前跑后，收起书本，然后她们拿着书本从另一扇门跑出去。其他女孩们很快从课桌里取出针线物品，老师很快取出一本俄语书。就在这时，一名俄国官员走了进来，问老师，“你在上什么课？”老师回答，“俄国的故事。”“现在，”他说，“我想问问你们其中的一些问题。”“Manya，请起立，”老师悄悄地下令。一个小女孩站了起来。Manya回答俄国官员的所有问题后，俄国官员离开了教室。小女孩Manya成为居里夫人，伟大的女科学家。17Mr.MillarrivedatLondonAirportattheendofathreeweekholidayinFrance.Hewasamanwithabeard.Sinceitwashotthere,hetookoffthebeard.Buthispassportphotoshowedhimwithhisbeard.Anofficelookedatthephotoandhimforamoment,andsaid,“Willyouexcuseme?Pleasesitdawn.Ishan’tkeepyoulong.”withthis,hewalkedaway,showedthephototoasecondofficerandsaid,“Doyouknowthatface?”thesecondofficerlookedatthe\npassportandaskedwhereMr.Millhadcomefrom.WhenheheardthatMr.MillhadjustarrivedbackfromPairs,thesecondofficersmiledandsaid,“AnEnglishmanwithabeardstoleapaintinginPairsonFriday.Andthatmanlooksjustlikethekindofman…”Suddenly,itcametothefirstofficerwhoMr.Millwas.Hereturnedtohimandasked,“DidyouteachattheNo.2MiddleSchool?”whenMr.Millansweredinsurprisethathedid,thefirstofficersmiledandsaid,“Ithoughso.I’mJackSmith.YoutaughtmeFrench.Youhaven’tchangedabit.”Mill先生结束在法国为期三周的假期后抵达伦敦机场。他是一个长大胡子的人。由于那里天气炎热，他刮光了胡子。但他的护照照片显示他长大胡子。一个工作人员一会儿看看他，一会儿看看照片，说：“请原谅，我走开一下。您请坐下，不会让您久等。”于是，他走开了，把照片给另一个工作人员看，并说：“你辨认得出那张脸吗？”那个工作人员看着护照，并问Mill先生从哪来。当那个工作人员听到Mill先生刚刚从巴黎过来时，他笑着说，“上周五在巴黎，一个长大胡子的英国人偷走了一幅画。而这名男子看起来就像那种人……”突然，第一个工作人员走向Mill先生。他回到他身旁，问：“你在第二中学教书吗？”就在Mill先生惊讶地回答他是的时侯，第一个工作人员微笑着说，“我想是这样。我是JackSmith。你教我法语。你没有丝毫变化。”18Ataxihitatruck.Apolicemanspoketothetaxidriverandtothetruckdriver.HealsospoketoTom.Hewasawitness.Thisiswhattheysaid.Truckdriver:IwasdrivingfromtheairporttowardNewton.Acarcrossedtheroad,soIsloweddown.Ididnotstop.Ataxihitthebackofthetruck.Nobodywasseriouslyinjuredbutbothcarsweredamaged.Cardriver:IwasdrivingbehindatruckseveralmilesfromNewton.Thetruckstoppedsuddenly.Thedriverdidnotgivemeawarning.Iwasdrivingveryslowly.IcouldnotpassthetruckbecausethereweretwocarscomingnearfromNewton.Mytaxihitthetruck,andsomeglasscutmylefthand.Tom:Iwaswatchingthetrafficaboutamilefromtheairport.AtruckwasgoingtoNewton.Itwasnotgoingveryquickly.Therewasataxiabouttwohundredfeetbehindthetruck.Itwasgoingfast.Whenthetrucksloweddown,thetaxihitit.Thetaxidriverwasnotlookingatthetruck.Hewaslookingoutofthewindowatsomething.Myfriendsawtheaccident,too.Later,Tom’sfriendspoketothepolicemanandagreedwithTom.一辆出租车撞上一辆卡车。一名警察向出租车司机和卡车司机询问情况。他也问了Tom。他是个目击者。下面是他们证词。卡车司机：我正从机场向Newton道行驶。一辆小轿车横穿马路，所以我放慢车速。我没刹车。出租车追尾卡车。没有人受重伤，但两辆车撞坏了。出租车司机：我在卡车后面约有几英里驶向牛顿道。卡车突然刹车。卡车司机没有给我一个警示。我行驶得非常慢。我没能超卡车，是因为有两辆车从Newton道驶来。我的出租车撞上了卡车，一些碎玻璃割伤了我的左手。Tom:我看到了距离机场约一英里的交通事故。一辆卡车驶向Newton道。卡车没有行驶得很快。有一辆出租车在卡车后面约二百英尺。出租车开得飞快。当卡车放慢了车速，出租车就撞了上去。出租车司机当时没注意到卡车减速。他正朝着窗外东张西望。我的朋友也目睹了意外发生。接着，Tom的朋友向警察提供了赞同Tom的证词。19\nAmericanschoolsbegininSeptemberafteralongsummer:Therearetwotermsinaschoolyear.ThefirsttermisfromSeptembertoJanuary,andthesecondisfromFebruarytoJune.MostAmericanchildrenbegintogotoschoolthentheyfinishhighschool.Highschoolstudentstakeonly4or5subjectseachterm.Theyusuallygotothesameclasses,andtheyhavehomeworkforeveryclass.Afterclasstheydomanyinterestingthings.Afterhighschool,manystudentsgotocollege.Theycangotoasmalloneoralargeone.Theyusuallyhavetopayalotofmoney.Somanycollegestudentsworkafterclasstogetmoneyfortheirstudies.长夏过后美国学校在9月开学：每一学年有两个学期。第一学期是从9月至来年1月，第二学期是从2月到6月。大多数美国儿童从小上学，直至他们完成高中学业。每学期高中学生只需要学4或5种科目。他们通常一起上大课，也有每课的功课。下了课他们参加多种兴趣活动。高中毕业后，很多学生进入大学。他们可以上小型学院或者大型学院。他们通常要支付很多学费。因此，许多大学生课余勤工俭学。20WhenyouarereadingsomethinginEnglish.Youmayoftenmeetanewword.What’sthebestthebestwaytoknowit?YoumaylookitupintheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Itwilltellyousomethingabouttheword:thepronunciation,thepartofspeech,theChinesemeaningandalsohowtousethisword.ButhowcanyouknowwherethewordisinthousandsofEnglishwords?Howtofinditinadictionaryquickly?First,alltheEnglishwordsareinthealphabeticalorder.InthedictionaryyoucanfirstseethewordsbeginningwiththeletterAthenB,C,D,E…Thatmeans,iftherearetwowords“do”and“put”,“do”willbecertainlybefore“put”,Theniftherearetwowordsbothbeginningwiththesameletter,youmaylookatthesecondletter.Thenthethird,theforth…forexample,“pat”isbefore“picture”,“bald”before“balloon.”Doyouunderstandhowtolookupawordinadictionary?Thedictionarywillbeyourgoodfriend,Ihopeyou’lluseitasoftenaspossibleinyourEnglishlearning.当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B,C,D,E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“do”和“put”，“do”将肯定在“put”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，看第四个......例如，“pat”在“picture”之前，“bald”在“balloon”之前。你理解怎样查词典了吗？词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。\n21Whataremiddleschoolstudentsthinkingaboutthesedays?It’sawordthatstartswith“s”.Sunshine,swimming,sports…summer,Yes,that’sit,summer,withsunshine,swimmingandsports!Ofcourse,youcantrytomakethissummeralittlebitspecial.It’snotdifficult.Thereareusuallyacoupleofthingsthatyou’rebeenthinkingaboutdoingforalongtime,buthaven’tdoneyet.Whenthesummercomes,it’stimetodothem!Forexample,youcanjoinspendsportsteam,gotoapark,flyakite,lieinthegrass,orjustspendsometimewithfriends.Summerisagreattimetorelaxanditcanalsobeagreattimetohavefunandtolearn!Youcangotoabotanicalgardenandgettoknow5or6differentplantsorflowers.Ifyouhaveplannedforasummertripwithyourfamily,itwillbeexcitingtowritedownthedetailsofyourtripalongwithyourphotos.Andityouprefertostayindoors,youcanlearntomakesomeeasycrafts,suchaspapercups,brownpaperbags,orcoolcards.Youcanmakesomebirthdaygiftstogiveonyourfriends’birthday!It’shardtosaywhatisthebestwaytospendthesummer,justdosomethingnewthatyouhaven'tdonebefore.现今什么是中学生所想的？有一个以“s”开头的词语。阳光，游泳，运动...夏天，是的，就是这样，夏天，充满阳光，尽情游泳和运动！当然，你可以尝试使这个夏天特别一点。这并不困难。通常有一两件事是你一直想做，但没做的。夏天来临，正是做它们的时候！例如，你可以参加运动队，去公园，放风筝，躺在草地上，或者只与朋友一起共度。夏天是一个休闲的好时光，也是一个娱乐和学习的好时光！你可以到植物园，了解5，6种不同的植物或花卉。如果你计划与你的家人一起夏季旅行，用照片记录一些你们的旅行细节，这将是令人兴奋的。如果你喜欢留在家里，你可以学做一些简易工艺品，比如，纸杯，牛皮纸袋，或者酷酷的卡片。你还可以给你朋友做一些生日礼物！很难说什么是度过夏天的最好方式，只要做一些你以前没做过的新鲜事就行。22TherewouldbeaschoolpartyonFridayevening.Thegirlsweretalkingaboutwhattheyweregoingtowear.“I’mgoingtowearablackdress,soeverybodywillnoticeme,”saidEmily.“Howaboutyou,Linda?”“I’mnotsure.Maybejeans,anoldskirt,andahat.Peoplewillnoticememorethanyou!”Lindasaid.“Whatarewegoingtodoabouttheboys?”askedJane.“Doyourememberthelastschoolpartylastyear?Theyjuststoodthere,andwegirlshadtobyourselves!”“Iheardthatsomeoftheboyslearnedhowtodancebetterthissummer.Maybeit’llbebetterthistime,”saidMary.ThepartywasheldinFridayevening.Groupsofstudentsarrived.Themusicbegan.Thegirlsstoodinalineinoneside,andtoboysinanotherside.Mr.Green,theirteacher,triedtogetthemtogether,butfailed.AfterawhileTimsaid,“Idon’twanttostandherethewholetime.Thepartyisonlyfortwohours.It’llbeoversoon.”Hestartedtodance.Alltheotherswatchedhim.ThenDavidaskedEmilyifshewantedtodance.ThenJackandLinda.Then,allbegantodance.Soonthereweremoredancersthenwatchers.星期五晚上将举行一次校园聚会。姑娘们都在谈论她们准备穿些什么。“我会穿黑色礼服，这样大家会注意我，”埃米莉说，“琳达，你会穿什么？”\n“我不清楚。可能是牛仔裤，旧裙子，一顶帽子。与你相比，人们会更注意我！”琳达说。“说起男生，我们到底要做些什么？”简问。“你记得去年校园聚会吗？他们只是站在那里，我们女生不得不自娱自乐！”玛丽说：“我听说，今年夏天男生中的一些人学习了如何更好地跳舞。也许这次情况将会好一点。”聚会在星期五晚上举行。学生们成群结队而来。音乐响起。女生们站在线的一边，男生站在线的的另一边。他们的老师，格林先生，试图让他们站在一起，但没有成功。过了一会，蒂姆说：“我可不想全部时间里只站在这里。聚会仅仅两个小时。它会很快结束的。“他开始跳舞。所有的人看着他。接着，大卫邀请埃米莉是否愿意一起跳舞。然后，杰克和琳达。然后，都开始跳舞。不久，起舞者比站观者多了。23Attheendofabusyweek,IwasanxiousbecauseIdidn’thavea“howto”speechformyclass.Myridehomewasleavingimmediatelyaftertheclass,andIhadn’tpackedyet.ThenIthoughtofasolutionforbothproblems.Rushingbacktomyroom,IthreweverythingIneededintomytravelingbagandrantoclasshurriedly.WhenIwasaskedtospeak,Icarriedmybagtothefrontoftheroomandputitonthetable.Allthedisorderlythingsinthebagwentoutsuddenly.“Thisisnotthewaytopackabag,”Isaid.Ithenexplainedtherightwaytopackclothingandbooks,showingclearlyasIwentalong.Bythetimemyspeechwasfinished,mytravelingbagwaspacked.Ireceivedan“A”formyspeechanddidn’tmissmyridehome.在一个繁忙的周末，我因为没有准备好题为“如何”的课上发言而发愁。我回家的班车会在课后很快离站的，可我还没有整理完毕。稍顷，我想出了这两个问题的解决方案。我赶回寝室，我把所需的东西统统塞进旅行包，而后匆匆跑去上课。轮到我发言了，我提着旅行包来到教室前方，再把包放在桌上。包里所有未整理的东西一下子都“跑”了出来。“这不是收拾行李包的方法，”我说。然后我解释了收拾衣物和书籍的正确的方式，同时我清晰地演示操作。到我发言完毕时，我的旅行包也整理完毕。我的发言得了一个“A”级分，并且没有耽误搭车回家。24Manypeoplegotoschoolformeeducation.Theylearnlanguages,history,politics,geography,physics,chemistryandmathematics.Othersgotoschooltolearnskillsinordertomakealiving.Schooleducationisveryimportantanduseful.Yet,noonecanlearneverythingfromschool.Ateacher,nomatterhowmuchheknows,cannotteachhisstudentseverythingtheywanttoknow.Theteacher’sjobistoshowhisstudentshowtolearn.Heteachesthemhowtoreadandhowtothink.So,muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves.Itisalwaysmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudybyoneselfthantoremembersomefactsoraformula.Itisactuallyquiteeasytolearnacertainfactinhistoryoraformulainmathematics.Butitisverydifficulttouseaformulainworkingoutamathproblem.Greatscientistsbeforeusdidn’tgeteverythingfromschool.Theirteachersonlyshowedthemtheway.Edisondidn’tevenfinishprimaryschool.Buttheywereallsosuccessful.Heinventedsomanythingsforhumanbeing.Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheyknowhowtostudy.Theyreadbooksthatwerenottaughtatschool.Theywould\naskmanyquestionsastheyread.Theydidthousandsofexperiments.Theyworkedhardalltheirlives,wastingnotasinglemoment.Mostimportantisthattheyknewhowtousetheirtrain.很多人去学校接受教育。他们学习语文，历史，政治，地理，物理，化学和数学。也有部分人去学校学习技能，以便谋生。学校教育是非常重要的，非常实用的。然而，人不可能从学校学到每样东西。一位老师，无论他知道多少知识，都不可能讲授给学生们所想知道的每样东西。教师的工作是给学生讲授如何学习。他讲授如何阅读和如何思考。所以，更多的是由学生自己在校外学习。知道如何通过自己的研习，比起死记一些事例或公式总是更重要的。其实学习一个历史事件或某一个数学公式很容易。不过运用一个数学公式解答数学问题却是非常困难的。我们面前的科学伟人并不是从学校里学到一切的。他们的老师仅仅给他们讲授读书方法。爱迪生甚至没有念完小学。但他们都非常成功。他为人类发明了这么多事情的人。他们获得成功的原因是他们知道如何去学习。他们读了不止在学校学到的书籍。他们在阅读的同时还会提出许多问题。他们做过数以千计的实验。他们辛劳一生，没有浪费过一分一秒。最重要的是他们知道如何使用自己的经验。25“Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings.Itsoldmeaningisusedtodescribeatemperaturethatisalittlebitcold.Astheworldhaschanged,theworld“cool”hashadmanydifferentmeanings.“Cool”canbeusedtodescribefeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.Whenyouseeafamouscarinthestreet,maybeyouwillsay,“It’scool.”youmaythink,“He’ssocool”,whenyouseeyourfavoritefootballer.What'smore,youcanuse“cool”insteadofmanywordssuchas“new”or“surprising”.Here’saninterestingstorytoshowthewaythewordisused.Ateacheraskedherstudentstowriteaboutthewaterfalltheyhadvisited.Ononestudent’spaperwasjustonesentence,“It’ssocool.”maybehethoughtitwasthebestwaytoshowwhathesawandfelt.Butinfact,manyotherwordscanmakeyourlifeascolorfulastheword“cool”.AndIthinktheyarealsoverycool,too.“酷”是一个多义词。本义是用来形容一个有点冷的温度。由于时代的发展变化，世间的“酷”已经有许多不同的含义。“酷”，可以用来描述对几乎所有的东西感兴趣的感觉。当你在街上看到一辆名车时，也许你会说，“这很酷。”，当你看到你喜欢的足球运动员时，你可能认为“他太酷了”。更重要的是，你可以使用“酷”代替许多词语，如“新”或“令人惊讶”。这里有一个有趣的故事，以显示该单词的使用方式。老师要求学生们就观赏过的瀑布作文。在一个学生的作文里只有一句话，“这太酷了。”也许他觉得这是最好的方式来展示他所看到和感受到的。但事实上，很多其他词汇也能描述你的生活如同“酷”字一样的丰富多彩。而且我认为他们也非常酷。26Mr.Jenkinsisfiftyyearsold.He’staughtmathinamiddleschoolfortwenty-sixyears.Heworkshardandalwayscomestohisofficeontime.Hehopeshisstudentswillbehonestandheisstrictwiththem.Someofhisstudentshavebecometohim.Ofcoursethemanisproudofthem.ThistermhebegantoteachGradeOne.Someofthenewstudentsweretoldabouthim,buttheothersdidn’tknowabouthim.Onthefirstdayofschoolhetoldthestudentshowtobeanhonestperson.Hegavethemsomeexamplesandsaid,“Idon’tliketellingalie.”Beforeclasswasover,hetoldallhisstudentstofinishExercise8inLesson1.\nThenextmorning,assoonashecameintotheclassroom,heasked,“Who’sfinishedExercise8inLesson1.”Thestudentshadalookattheirworkbooksandtheirfacesturnedredatonce.詹金斯先生50岁。他在中学执教数学26年了。他工作努力，总是准时上班。他希望他的学生们诚实守信并对他们严格要求。他的学生有的已成为他那样。当然，他为此感到骄傲。这个学期，他开始教一年级。一些新生听说过他，但其余的都不认识他。在开学第一天，他告诉学生如何做一个诚实守信的人。他给他们举了一些例子，说：“我不喜欢说谎的。”下课之前，他布置全体学生完成第1课练习8。第二天早晨，他一走进教室就问：“谁完成了第1课练习8。”学生们看了看他们的作业簿，他们的脸一下子变红了。27Doyouknowhowtoplayagamecalled“MusicalChairs”?Itiseasytoplayandmostpeopleandsomewayofmakingmusic.Youmayuseapianooranyothermusicalinstrument,ifsomeonecanplayit.Youmayuseatape-recorder.Youcanevenusearadio.Putthechairsinarow.Thechairsmaybeputintwos,backtoback.Abetterwayistohavethechairsinonerowwitheachchairfacingintheoppositedirectiontothechairnexttoit.Thegameiseasy.Whenthemusicstarts,theplayerswalkroundthechairs.Everyonegoesinthesamedirection,ofcourse.Theyshouldwalkintimetothemusic.Ifthemusicisfasttheyshouldwalkquickly.Ifthemusicisslow,theyshouldwalkslowly.Thepersonplayingmusiccannotseethepeopleinthegame.Whenthemusicstops,theplayerstrytositonthechairs.Ifapersoncannotfindachairtositon,hedropsout.Then,beforethemusicstopsagain,onemoreplayerwillbeout.Atlast,therewillbetwoplayersandonechair!Theonewhositsonthechairwhenthemusicwhenthemusicstopsisthewinner.你知道如何玩耍名叫“音乐椅”的游戏吗？这是很容易玩的，大多数人游戏及小部分人播放音乐。如果有人会弹奏，可以使用一架钢琴或任何其他乐器。你也可以使用一个录音机。你甚至可以使用收音机。把椅子排成一排。椅子需背对背成双摆放。一个更好的办法是把椅子面对面一把挨一把地摆放成一行。这个游戏是容易玩的。当音乐开始，游戏者轮着椅子转圈。每个人按同一个方向走，当然，他们应该跟着音乐走。如果音乐节奏快，他们应该快走。如果音乐节奏慢，他们应该慢慢走。播放音乐的人不可以看到游戏中的人。当音乐停止时，游戏者设法坐在椅子上。如果有人不能找到椅子坐下，他就出局了。然后，在音乐停止之前，会有更多的游戏者出局。最后，将有两名游戏者，一把椅子！当音乐停止时，一个坐到椅子上的人就是赢家。28\nChinesechildrenareveryobedient.InChina,childrenaretaughttoobeyandrespecttheirparents,teachersandelders.ButchildrenisWesterncountiesdonotobeyeverytime.MostparentsandteachersintheWestexpectsomebadbehaviorinchildren.Theyexpecttoseeitinteenagersastheyarebecomingadults.InChinastudentsstandrespectfullywhentheyanswerquestionsfromtheteacher.IntheWesttheydon’tstandandoftenseveralanswertheteacher’squestionsatthesametime.Thissometimesmakestheclassroomnoisyandhardtocontrol.Butstudentsintheseclassroomscanalsohavegoodtalksaboutinterestingideas.Notalltheideascomefromtheteacher.Isitgoodtobeanobedientchildatalltimes?Doyousometimesfeelthatyourparentsarebeingunfairwhentheyaskyoutodosomething?Perhapstheanswerissomewherebetweenthetwodays-theWesternwayandtheChineseway.Ifyoudisagreesometimes,itmightbeagoodwaytospeakoutyourideaspolitely.Thatwasyourparentsorteacherscanlistenandperhapslearntoseeyourpointofview.Soyoucandisagreesometimesaslongasyoudosopolitelyandwithrespect.中国孩子很听话。在中国，儿童被教导要服从和尊重他们的父母，老师和长辈。但是西方国家的儿童不都是这样。在西方大多数家长和老师期望发现孩子们的一些不良行为，他们希望在青少年阶段发现这些，因为孩子们正在成长为成年人。在中国，当老师提问时，学生需恭敬地站着回答。在西方，学生不必站着，往往会在同时有几个人回答老师的提问。有时候这样会使课堂嘈杂和难以控制。但是，在这些教室里的学生可以对感兴趣的想法作活跃的讨论。并非所有的观点都来自于老师。在任何时候都听话的孩子是一个好孩子吗？当你父母要求你做某事，有时候你会感觉到他们的要求不太公平吗？也许答案是介于上述两种，中国式和西方式。如果有时候你不同意，有礼貌地说出你的想法可能是一个好的方式。这样，你的父母或老师听过后，也许能采纳你的观点。因此，只要你这样，有礼貌地和尊重地行事，有时候你可以持不同意见。29Jackwenttoschooltostudyhistory.Butwhenhefinishedhisfirstyear,hedidn’tpasstheexamandtheteachersaidtohim,“Youhavetoleaveschool.”Whentheboy’sfatherheardthenews,hewasworried.Hecametotheschooltoseetheteacher.HefoundtheteacherintheofficeandaskedtheteachertoletJackstudyinschoolthenextyear.“Heisagoodboy.Healwaysdoeswellinhistory.”saidJack’sfather,“Hewilldobetternextyearandpasstheexam.”“No,no,thatisnotright!”answeredtheteacher,“LastmonthIaskedhim,'WhendidNapoleondie?’andhedidn’tknow.”“Pleasesir,givehimanotherchance,”saidJack’sfather,“Youknowwedon’thaveanynewspapersinourhouse,sonobodyonourfamilyknewthatNapoleonwasill.”杰克去学校学习历史。但是，当他学完了第一年，他没有通过考试，老师对他说：“你必须退学。”当男孩的父亲听到这个消息，他担心起来。他来到学校见老师。他在办公室里见到了老师，并请求老师让杰克明年能在学校学习。“他是一个好孩子。他学历史一直很认真。”杰克的父亲说，“明年他会更努力，并通过考试。““不，不，不是这样！”老师回答说：“上个月，我问他，'拿破仑什么时候死的？'，而他不知道。”“对不起，老师，再给他一次机会吧，”杰克的父亲说，“要知道在我们家里没有任何报纸，所以我们家没有人知道拿破仑病了。”\n30Amiddleschoolorganizeda“NoTVWeek”programme.Alltheteachers,parentsandstudentsworkedtogetherforthisprogrammeandmostofthemfoundittobeaverygoodone.Theheadmastersaid,“TheideawasnottostopwatchingTVcompletelybutforthestudentsjusttofindhowmuchtimetheywatchTVandtrytousethistimeforotherthings.”Whatdidthestudentssayaboutthis“NoTVWeek”?Oneboysaid,“Ican’tbelieveIhaven’twatchedTVforaweek,butit’sbeenfundoingit.”Agirlstudentsaid,“I’mgoingtogiveupallTVprogrammeexceptfor'OurAnimalWorld’andotherlanguage-teachingprogramme.I’mreallypleasedthatIhavemoretimetodothingslikewalkingandthinking.Ienjoythis'NoTVWeek’verymuch……”Butnotallthestudentsthoughtitwasgood.Hereonestudentsaidsomethingdifferent,“Idon’tlike'NoTVWeek’becauseIlikewatchingTV.IhavelotsoffavouriteprogrammesandIdon’twanttomissthem.Butwehavetodoit.”一所中学组织了一次“无电视周”活动。所有的老师，家长和学生一起参与其中，大部分参与者发现这是一个非常好的活动。校长说：“这个想法不是完全禁止学生观看电视，而是为了调查他们多少时间用于看电视，并尝试使用这些时间做其他事情。”有关这个“无电视周”学生们说了些什么呢？一个男生说：“真不敢相信我一个星期没有看过电视，但我一直乐在其中。”一个女生说：“除了'我们的动物世界'和其他语言教学节目，我将放弃所有的电视节目。我真的很高兴，我有更多的时间做其它事情，比如散步和思考。我非常喜欢这个'无电视周'......”但是，并非所有的学生都认为这是好的。这里有位学生说了一些不同的看法，“我不喜欢'无电视周'，因为我喜欢看电视。我有很多十分喜爱的节目，我不想错过它们。但是，我们不得不这样做。”31WhenyouarereadingsomethinginEnglish,youmayoftencomeacrossanewword.What’sthebestwaytoknowit?YoumaylookitupintheEnglish-ChineseDictionary.Itwilltellyoualotabouttheword:thepronunciation,thepartofspeech,theChinesemeaningandalsohowtousethisword.ButhowcanyouknowwherethewordisinthousandsofEnglishwords?Howtofinditinthedictionarybothquicklyandcorrectly?First,alltheEnglishwordsarearrangedinthealphabeticalorder.InthedictionaryyoucanfirstseethewordsbeginningwiththeletterA,thenB,C,D,E…Thatmeansiftherearetwowords“desert”and“pull”,“desert”willbecertainlybefore“pull”.Theniftherearetwowordsbothbeginningwiththesameletter,youmaylookatthesecondletter.Thenthethird,thefourth…Forexample,“pardon”isbefore“plough”,“judge”before“just”,etc.Doyouunderstandhowtolookupawordinadictionary?Thedictionarywillbeyourgoodfriend.Ihopeyou’lluseitasoftenaspossibleinyourEnglishlearning.当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？\n你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B,C,D,E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“desert”和“pull”，“desert”将肯定在“pull”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，看第四个......例如，“pardon”在“plough”之前，“judge”在“just”之前。你理解怎样查词典了吗？词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。32Agoodwaytopassanexamistoworkhardeveryday.Youmaynotpassanexamifyoudon’tworkhardformosttimeandthenworkhardonlyafewdaysbeforetheexam.IfyouaretakinganEnglishexam,donotonlylearnrulesofgrammar.TrytoreadstoriesinEnglishandspeakEnglishwheneveryoucan.Beforeyoustarttheexam,readcarefullyoverthequestionpaper.Trytounderstandtheexactmeaningofeachquestionbeforeyoupickupyourpentowrite.Whenyouhaveatlastfinishedyourexam,readoveryouranswer.Correctthemistakesifthereareanyandmakesurethatyouhavenotmissedanythingout.一个通过考试的好方法是每天认真学习。如果你大部分时间不认真学习，只在考试前几天突击，你不大可能通过考试的。如果你正面临英语考试，不是仅仅只去复习语法规则。尝试阅读英文故事，只要你能就朗读出来。在你考试开头时，仔细阅读试卷上的问题。在你动笔答题之前，尝试了解每个问题确切含义。当你考试结束时，复查你的答案，如果有错误就纠正，并确认你没有遗漏答题。33Allstudentsneedtohavegoodstudyhabits.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,youlearnthingsquickly.Youalsorememberthemeasily.Doyouliketostudyinthelivingroom?Thisisnotagoodplace,becauseitisusuallytoonoisy.Youneedtostudyinaquietplace,likebedroom.Aquietplacewillhelpyouonlytothinkaboutonething.Whenyoustudy,donotthinkaboutotherthingsatthesametime.Onlythinkaboutyourhomework.Ifyoudothis,youwilldoyourhomeworkmorequickly,andyouwillmakefewermistakes.Goodstudyhabitsareveryimportant.Ifyoudonothavethem,trytolearnthem.Ifyoursarealreadygood,trytomakethembetter.\n所有学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。当你养成了良好的学习习惯，你学习新事物会很快，还很容易记忆。你喜欢在客厅里学习吗？这不是一个合适的地方，因为那地方太吵杂了。你需要一个安静的地方学习，比如卧室。一个安静的地方会帮助你只去想一件事。当你学习时，在同一时间不要考虑其他的事情。只去关注你的功课。如果你这样做，你做功课会更快，也会少犯错误。良好的学习习惯是非常重要的。如果你没有，尽量培养起来。如果你已经很好了，尽量做得更好。34Thereshouldbenoweekendhomeworkforus.Fivedaysgiventoschoolareenoughforthemodernstudents,whohavemanyotherinterests.WithhomeworkforSunday,whencanwefindtimetohelparoundthehouse,joininafootballorbasketballgameoragoodfilm,orjustrest?Becauseofalltheseotheractivities,weekendhomeworkinusuallynotdoneuntilSundaynight.ItisoftendonesopoorlythatonMondayteachersscoldthewholeclassofstudentswhohavenoideaofwhatthelearnedlessonsareabout.Withouthomeworkfortheweekends,studentscouldgotoschoolonMondaywellrestedandwillingtostudy.Teachers,don’tyouagreewithus?对我们而言应该没有周末的家庭作业。现在的学生5天时间在学校已足够，学生们还有很多其他兴趣。如果有星期日功课，我们什么时候可以有时间去帮着做家务，去参加一个足球比赛或一个篮球比赛或去看一场好电影，或者就去休息呢？由于所有这些其他活动，周末功课通常直到周日晚上才完成。这样往往是草草了事的，以至于星期一老师责骂全班学生对所学的东西一点也不懂。如果没有周末功课，学生们星期一上学能精神饱满和更有求知欲。老师，你是否赞同呢？[havenoideaof对...一点也不知道,完全不知道][havenottheslightestideaof对...一点也不知道,完全不知道]35InChinatoday,computersareverypopular.Manypeople,menandwomen,oldandyoung,wanttolearncomputer.Inmanyschoolstherearecomputerclassrooms.Computersareveryuseful.Forexample,studentscandotheirmathematicswithacomputer.Thecomputerwritesquestionsonthescreeninfrontofthestudents,andthestudentsanswerontheirkeyboards.\nStudentscanalsolearnaforeignlanguagewithacomputer.Thecomputergiverlessonsinpronunciation,grammarandthecorrectusageofwordsandphrases.Studentsknowalotaboutcomputernow.Forexample,theycanuseBasictomakeupsomeusefulprogrammes.TheycanuseWPStowritecompositions,andtheycanalsouseFoxbasetosetupdata.在今天的中国，电脑很受欢迎。很多人想学习电脑，其中包括男人和妇女，老人和年轻人。在很多学校有电脑教室。电脑是非常有用的。例如，学生们可以使用电脑做数学题。在学生们面前，电脑屏幕显示题目，学生们通过键盘输入答题。学生们还可以使用电脑学习一门外语。电脑提供的课程包括语音，语法，词汇和短语的正确用法。现在学生们了解到很多有关电脑的知识。例如，他们可以使用Basic语言编写一些有用的程序。他们可以使用WPS写作文，他们还可以使用Foxbase建立数据库。36Mostdictionarieswilltellyouanumberofthingsaboutalanguage.Therearethreeimportantthings.Thesethreethingsarespelling,pronunciationandmeanings.First,adictionarywilltellyouthespellingofaword.Ifyouarenotsureaboutthespellingofaword,youcantrytofindthecorrectspellinginadictionary.Wordsarelistedinalphabeticalorder-a,b,candsoon.Forexample,onadictionarypagetheword“poor”-p,o,o,r-comesbefore“poverty”-p,o,v,e,r,t,y-andtheword“poverty”comesbeforetheword“power”-p,o,w,e,r.Thewordsarealwaysgiveninalphabeticalorder.Thesecondthing,adictionarywilltellyoupronunciation.Mostdictionariesgivephoneticorsoundalphabet.Thephoneticspellingwilltellyouhowawordinpronounced.Thereareafewdifferentphoneticalphabets.ManydictionariesusetheInternationalPhoneticAlphabettoshowpronunciation.Thethirdthing,adictionarywilltellyouthemeaningsofwords.Youcanlookupawordandfindoutwhatitmeans.Manywordshavemorethanonemeaning,gooddictionarywilltellyoualloftheword’smeanings.Forexample,inEnglishthecommonword“get”hasover20differentmeanings.大多数字典会告诉你有关语言的一系列内容。有三个重要的方面。这三个方面是拼写，发音和含义。首先，字典会告诉你一个单词的拼写。如果你不能确定一个单词的拼写，你可以尝试在词典中查到正确的拼写。单词是按字母顺序a,b,c等排列的。例如，在字典页面上，单词“poor”-p,o,o,r列在单词“poverty”-p,o,v,e,r,t,y之前，单词“poverty”列在单词“power”-p,o,w,e,r之前。单词一定是按字母顺序排列的。第二点，字典会告诉你发音。大多数字典注明语音或声音字母。语音拼写会告诉你单词如何去发音。还有几个不同的语音字母。许多字典使用国际音标显示发音。第三点，字典会告诉你单词的含义。你可以查找一个单词，并找出它的意思。许多单词有多个意义，高阶的字典会告诉你这个词的全部含义。例如，普通单词“get”在英语里拥有超过20种不同的含义。\n37ManypeoplealwayssaythatlisteningtospokenEnglishistoohardforthem.Butifyoudon’tunderstandwhatpeoplearesaying,howcanyoutalkwiththem?Itmayhedifficult,butlearningbylisteningisnecessary.Itcanbedone.Asweknow,differentpeoplehavedifferentpronunciationsofthesameword.StandardpronunciationisimportantforEnglishspeakingaswellasforlistening.InChina,peoplefromoneareamaynotunderstandwhatpeoplefromanotherareaaresayingbecauseofthedifferentChinesedialects.StandardChinesepronunciationcanhelppeoplefromdifferentplacesunderstandeachothereasily.ItisthesamewithEnglish.Ifyourpronunciationisnotstandard,itisashardforotherpeopletounderstandyouasitisforyoutounderstandthem.IfyouwanttolearnhowtolistentoEnglish,thefollowingwaysarehelpful.Getsomegoodbookswithtapes.Dotheexercises,fromthesimpletothedifficult,stepbystep.YoucanalsowatchEnglish-languagefilms,listentoEnglish-languageradioandTVprogrammers.Trytolisteneveryday,evenifonlyforafewminutes.Atfirstyoumayunderstandfewwords.Don’tgiveup.Justlisten.RemembertoreadandspeakEnglisheveryday.Itwillhelpyoutolistenbetter.Everyday,spendanhourreadingEnglish.Finallyyouwillnoticethatyou’remakingprogress.TalktoEnglish-speakingforeignersasoftenaspossible.Foreignerswillspeakmoreslowlywithyou,usesimplewords,andusebodylanguagetohelpyouunderstandthem.Don’tbeafraidtotalktothem.Theywon’tmindbecausetheymayhavemoretroublemakingthemselvesunderstoodinChinese.很多人都说英语听说太难了。但是，如果你不明白别人说什么，你怎么能与他们交谈呢？这可能是困难的，但是通过听来学习是必要的。这是可以做到。我们知道，不同的人对同一个词有不同的发音。标准的发音对英语听说而言一样是重要的。在中国，来自某一地区的人可能因为不同的中国方言而不明白来自另一地区的人在说什么。标准的中文发音可以帮助来自不同地区的人很容易相互理解。这一点是与英国相同的。如果你的发音不标准，就很难让他人理解你，同样很难让你了解他们。如果您想学习如何听英语，以下方法是有帮助的。获取几本带有磁带的好教材。做练习，从易到难，一步一步来。你也可以看英语电影，收听英语广播和收看英语电视节目。尝试每天听，哪怕只是仅仅几分钟。起初你可能只明白几句话。不要放弃。继续听下去。请记住每天说英语，读英语。这将帮助你提高听力。每天花一个小时读英语。最后你会感觉到自己正在进步。尽可能经常与以英语为母语的老外对话。老外会和你说得很慢，用简单的话，用身体语言来帮助你理解。不要怕与他们交谈。他们不会介意的，因为他们若用中文理解可能会有更多的麻烦。38Manyteenagersfeelthatthemostimportantpeopleintheirlivesaretheirfriends.Theybelievethattheirfamilymembers,andinparticulartheirparents,don’tknowthemaswellastheirfriendsdo.Inlargefamilies,itisquiteoftenforbrothersandsisterstofightwitheachotherandthemtheycanonlygototheirfriendsforadvice.Itisveryimportantforteenagerstohaveonegoodfriendsoracircleoffriends.Evenwhentheyarenotwiththeirfriends,theyusuallyspendalotoftimetalkingamongthemselvesonthephone.Thiscommunicationisveryimportantinchildren’sgrowingup,becausefriendscandiscusssomethingdifficulttosaytotheirfamilymembers.However,parentsoftentrytochoosetheirchildren’sfriendsforthem.Someparentsmayevenstoptheirchildrenfrommeetingtheirgoodfriends.Thequestionof“choice”isaninterestingone.Haveyoueverthoughtofthefollowingquestions?Whochoosesyoufriends?Doyouchooseyourfriendsoryourfriendschooseyou?Haveyougotagoodfriendyourparentsdon’tlike?Youranswersarewelcome.许多青少年觉得，在他们生活中最重要的人是他们的朋友。他们认为，他们的家庭成员，特别是他们的父母，不如他们的朋友们那样理解他们。在大家庭中，兄弟姐妹互相争吵的事频繁发生，而他们只有去他们的朋友那里倾诉。对青少年而言，有一个好朋友或一个朋友圈，是很重要的。即使他们不在一起的时候，他们之间往往花很多时间在电话上交谈。在儿童的成长过程中，这种沟通是非常重要的，因为朋友们可以谈的事，很难与他们的家庭成员谈。\n不过，家长们往往试图为孩子选择他们的朋友。有些家长甚至阻止孩子与他们的好朋友见面。“选择”的问题是一个有趣的问题。你有没有思考过下列问题？谁选择你的朋友？你选择过朋友或你的朋友选择过你吗？你有没有一个你的父母不喜欢的好朋友吗？欢迎你的回答。39Lifeisnoteasy,soI’dliketosay,”Whenanythinghappens,believeinyourself.”WhenIwas14,Iwastoonervoustotalktoanyone.Myclassmatesoftenlaughedatme.Iwassadbutcoulddonothing.Later,somethinghappened.Itchangedmylife.ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whatawonderfulidea!ItmeantIhadtospeakinfrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool.“Comeon,boy.Believeinyourself.Youaresuretowin.”Then,MotherandItalkedaboutmanydifferenttopics.AtlastIchosethetopic“Believeinyourself”,Itriedmybesttorememberallthespeechandpracticeditover100times.Withmymother’sgreatlove,Ididwellinthecontest.IcouldnotbelievemyearswhenthenewscamethatIhadwonthefirstplace.Iheardthecheersfromtheteachersandstudentsandthoseclassmateswhooncelookeddownuponme,nowallsaid“Congratulations!”tome.Mymotherhuggedmeandcriedexcitedly.Sincetheneverythinghaschangedforme.WhenIdoanything,Iwillfindmyself.Thisistruenotonlyforapersonbutalsoforacountry.生活是不容易的，所以我想说，“无论发生什么事，相信自己。”当我14岁时，我与任何人说话都很紧张。我的同学经常嘲笑我。我除了伤心还是伤心。后来，发生了一些事。它改变了我的生活。这是一个英语演讲比赛。妈妈鼓励我去参加。多么美妙的主意！这意味着我不得不在我校所有的老师和学生面前开口说话。“来吧，孩子。相信自己。您肯定会赢。”于是，我和母亲讨论了很多不同的主题。最后我选择的题目是“相信自己”，我尽全力记住所有的演讲内容，操练了100次以上。在伟大母爱的支持下，我在比赛中表现出色。当消息传来，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，我赢得了第一名。我听到了来自老师和同学，包括那些曾经看低我的同学的欢呼声，现在所有人对我说：“祝贺！”。我母亲拥抱着我，热泪盈眶。从那时起，对我而言一切都改变了。当我做任何事，我都有自信心。这是真的，不仅适用于个人，也是适用于一个国家。40DearEditor(编辑):Iamnotagood-lookingboyandI’mnotgoodatstudying,either.Somepeopledon’tevenwanttotalktome.SoIusuallyfeellonely.SometimesIthinkthatifIwantedtoleavehome,nobodywouldcare.HowcanIstopfeelinglikethis?PeterDearPeter,Withoutknowingmoreaboutyou,itishardformetogiveyousomegoodadvice.Butfirst,Iamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywouldcareifyoulefthome.Whataboutyourparents?Andotherfamilymembers?Itseemsthatyouareverysad.You’dbettergotoseeadoctorortalktoyourparents.Theywillbeabletohelpyou.Secondly,I’msurethere’ssomeoneinyourclasswhofeelslonely,too.Youneverknowhowotherpeoplefeelinside.Trytomakefriendswiththem.Oryoumayjoinaclubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourselfbusy.Youneedtofindhappinessinyourself.Writealistofallthegoodthingsaboutyourself,learntolikeyourself,andthemotherswillseeyourconfidenceandlikeyou,too.Editor亲爱的编辑：我是一个不帅的男孩，我也不善长于学习。有些人甚至不愿意和我说话。所以，我常常感到孤独。有时候我想，如果我离家出走，没有人会觉察到。我如何才能摆脱这种感觉呢？\n彼得亲爱的彼得，由于对你了解不多，我很难给你一些好的建议。但首先，我相信你有错误，那就是如果你离家出走没有人会觉察。你的父母会怎么样？其他家庭成员呢？看来你很可悲。你最好去看医生或者与你的父母谈一谈。他们一定能帮你。第二，我敢肯定你的班上也有感到孤独的。你永远不了解其他人内心的感受。尝试跟他们交朋友。或者你可以加入一个俱乐部，结识新朋友，或者你可以使自己忙忙碌碌的。你需要自己去找寻快乐。写一份关于自己的所有喜好的列表，学会喜欢自己，别人将看到你的自信状态，也将喜欢你。编辑41Haveyoueverbeenill?Whenyouareill,youmustbeunhappybecauseyourbodybecomeshot,andtherearepains(疼痛)alloveryourbody.Youdon’twanttowork;youstayinbed,feelingverysad.Whatmakesusill?Itisgerms(细菌).Germsareeverywhere.Theyareverysmallandyoucan’tfindthemwithyoureyes,butyoucanseethemwithamicroscope(显微镜).Theyarevery,verysmallandtherecouldbehundredsofthemonaverysmallthing.Germsarealwaysfoundindirtywater.Whenwelookatdirtywaterunderthemicroscope,weshallseetheminit.Soyourfatherandmotherwillnotletyoudrinkdirtywater.Germsaren’tfoundonlyinwater.Theyarefoundinairanddust.Ifyoucutyourfinger,andifsomeofthedustfromthefloorgoesintothecut,someofthegermswouldgointoyourfinger.Yourfingerwouldbecomebigandred,andyouwillhavemuchpaininit.Sometimesthegermswouldgointoallofyourbody,andyouwouldhavepaineverywhere.你生过病吗？当你生病时，你一定会因为你的身体在发热而不舒服，同时周身疼痛。你不想去工作，你躺在床上，感觉很难受。是什么导致我们生病的？是病菌。细菌无处不在。它们非常小的，你用肉眼看不到，但你可以使用显微镜找到它们。它们非常，非常小，在一个极小的东西上，可能有上百个。细菌总是在脏水里发现。当我们在显微镜下观察脏水，我们会看到它们。所以，你的父母不允许你喝脏水。细菌不仅仅在水里发现，在空气中，在灰尘里也被发现。如果你划破了手指，如果一些来自地面的灰尘进入伤口，一些细菌将会进入你的手指。你的手指将变得又红又肿，你将感到那里很痛。有时候，细菌会进入你的全身，你会感到疼痛无处不在。42Duringthedayweworkandplay,atnightwesleep.Ourbodyrestswhilewesleep.Inthemorningwearereadytoworkandplayagain.Ourbodygrowsmostwhileweareasleep.Childrenwhoaretiredusuallyneedmoresleep.Wecangetatourlessonsbetter,afterwehavehadplentyofrest.Boysandgirlswhoareeightornineyearsoldneedtenhoursofsleepeverynight.Ourbodyneedsplentyofairwhenwesleep.Ifwedonotgetenoughfreshair,wewillfeeltiredwhenwewakeup.Whileinbedwemustnotcoverourheads.Ourlungs(肺)needtogetenoughfreshair.Ifweopenourwindowatnight,wecanhaveplentyoffreshair.Coolairisbetterthanwarmair.Boysandgirlswhowanttobestrongmustgetplentyoffreshair.\n白天我们工作和娱乐，晚上我们睡觉。我们在睡觉的同时，我们的肌体在休整。到了早晨，我们又准备去工作和娱乐了。肌体主要在我们睡眠状态下生长。疲倦的孩子通常需要更多的睡眠。在我们有了充足的休息之后，我们能提高学习效率。八，九岁的男孩和女孩们需要每天晚上睡10小时。我们睡觉时，肌体需要大量的空气。如果我们没有得到足够的新鲜空气，醒来时，我们会感到疲倦。在床上我们不能蒙住头睡。我们的肺需要得到足够的新鲜空气。如果我们在夜间开着窗户，我们可以得到大量新鲜空气。凉爽的空气比温热的空气有益。想要健康的男孩和女孩们必须得到大量的新鲜空气。43Hi,dearboysandgirls!Doyouknowhowtobeahealthykid?Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollow.First,eatdifferentfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.Youmayhaveafavouritefood,butyouhadbetterearsomethingdifferent.Ifyoueatdifferentfoods,youwillprobablygetmorenutrientsyourbodyneeds.Second,drinkwaterandmilkasoftenaspossible.Whenyou’rereallythirsty,coldwateristheNo.1choice.Milkisagreatdrinkthatcangiveyoumorecalciumyourbodyneedstogrowstrongbones.Third,listentoyourbody.Whenyouareeating,noticehowyourbodyfeelsandwhenyoustomachfeelscomfortablyfull.Eatingtoomuchwillnotmakeyoufeelcomfortableandmakeyoufat.Fourth,limitscreentime.ScreentimeisthetimeyouwatchTV,DVDsandvideos,orusingcomputers.Itisgoodtotakemoreexercisesuchasbasketball,bikeridingandswimming.Youcan’twatchTVformorethantwohoursaday.Fifth,beactive.Onethingyou’dliketodoasakiditofindoutwhichactivityyoulikebest.Findwaystobeactiveeveryday.Followtheserulesandyoucanbeahealthykid.嗨，亲爱的男孩和女孩！你知道怎样做一个健康的孩子吗？下面是一些你应该遵循的规则。第一，要吃不同的食物，特别是蔬菜和水果。你可能有自己很喜爱的食物，但是你最好吃不同的食物。如果你吃不同的食物，你可能会得到更多你身体所需的营养。其次，要尽可能地常喝的牛奶和水。当你真的渴了，凉水是第一选择。牛奶是一种有益的饮料，可以给你提供更多肌体所需的钙质促进骨骼强健生长。第三，要听从你的身体。当你吃饭时，请注意你的身体感觉如何，请注意你的胃感到饱适的时候。吃得太多会让你感到不舒服，并且会使你发胖。第四，要限制屏幕时间。屏幕时间是指你看电视，DVD和视频，或使用电脑的时候。最好是进行体锻活动，例如打篮球，骑自行车和游泳。你每天看电视不可以超过两小时。第五，要积极向上。有一件事情希望你做一做，就是找到你作为一个孩子最喜欢的活动。要想办法每天充满活力。遵循这些规则，你可以成为一个健康的孩子。44Everyyear,over40，000secondarystudentsinBritainrunabusiness.“Eachbusinessrunsforoneyear,”saidBen,oneofthegroupofstudentsvisitingShanghai.“Whenwestartedourbusiness,weborrowedmoneyfromparentsandfriends.Attheendoftheyear,thesepeoplewillreceivesomeoftheprofits.”IaskedBenwhetherrunningabusinesswasdifficult.Hesaidthatitwasnoproblem.Hesaidthattheyalwaysreceivedalotofadvicefromteachersandbusinesspeople.Anothermemberofthegroup,Regina,toldmethefourquestionstheyalwaysaskedthemselves.Thequestionsare:1. Whatdopeoplewanttobuy?2.Whereisagoodplacetosellourproduct?3.Howisourproductbetterthanotherproducts?\n4.Howmuchisourproduct?Iwasalsoverymuchinterestedinhowthegroupwasorganized.Reginasaidthattherewereusuallyaboutfivetosevenstudentsineachbusinessandamongthemareonemanagerandoneaccountant.Iaskedthemwhowasthemanager.“Iam,ofcourse,”saidRegina.“Itwasmyideatoproducepicturebooks,”shesaid.“OthergroupsinourschoolsellthingslikeT-shirts,videosandcomputergames,”saidBen.“Howmuchmoneydothebusinessesusuallymake?”Iasked.“Somebusinessesmake$20,000-$30,000,butmostgroupsmakeasmallprofitofabout$1,000-3,000,”saidRegina.Iaskedthemwhattheydidwiththeprofits.“Wecandowhatwelikewiththeprofits.”However,Reginatoldmethatitwasimportantnottowastethemoney.Shealwaystoldtheothergroupstogivethemoneytocharity.Moststudentsenjoyrunningabusinessandallthestudentssaidthattheyhadlearntalot.每年，有超过40，000名的英国中学生经营一项生意。“每一个生意运行一年，”一位访问上海的学生团队成员Ben如是说，“当我们开始业务之初，我们向父母和朋友借了钱。截至年底，他们将获得一些红利。“我问Ben经营一项生意是否是困难的。他说这是没有问题的。他说他们总是得到许多来自老师和商界人士提供的建议。另一个团队成员Regina，向我介绍了他们总是问自己的四个问题。这些问题是：1。什么东西是人想购买的？2。哪里是销售我们产品的好地方？3。怎样使我们的产品优于其他产品？4。我们的产品标价多少？我也对团队是如何运作的十分感兴趣。Regina说，每个业务通常约有5至7名学生，其中有一位经理和一名会计师。我问他们谁当经理呢。Regina说：“当然是我咯”她说，“这是我的创意去生产图画书的”。Ben说，“我们学校的其他团队销售的东西有如T恤，录像和电脑游戏。“我问：“所做的生意通常能盈利多少呢？“Regina回答：“有些生意盈利$20,000-$30,000，但大多数团队赚取约$1,000-3,000小利润。“我问他们用这些利润做些什么事情。“我们可以用这些利润做我们喜欢的事情。“不过，Regina告诉我说，重要的是不要浪费金钱。她一直号召其他团队一起把钱捐入慈善机构。大多数学生乐于经营一项生意，并且所有的学生都说他们学到了很多东西。45Bevcouldnottodoherwork.Shefelttootired.Sheputdownherbook,yawnedandfeltbetter.Bevlookedup.Hadtheteacherseenher?Tohersurprise,theteacherwasyawning,too.Hetookalongbreathandopenedhismouthwide.Heclosedhiseyesabitandletouthisbreathinabig,slowyawn.ThenBevheardotheryawns.Theteachersaid,”Bev,yawnedbecauseourdoorsandwindowsareclosed.Andtheroomiswarm.Herbodyneededmoreair.Maybesheyawnedbecauseshewastired.Maybeshewashungry.Orshejustneededtomoveabit.Doyoufeelbetternow,Bev?”heasked.“Yes,”saidasked.“Yawnswakeusup,”theteachersaid.“Whenyouyawnyoustretchmanypartsofyourbody.Thatstretchingmakesyoufeelgood.”Thereweremoreyawns.“Peopledonotknowwhytheyyawn,”theteacherwenton.“Butifyouseeayawn,hearone,orevenreadaboutone,youmayyawn,too.Andifyouryawnstarts,youcan’tstopit.Youmayclosemouthtostopit.Buttheyawnwillstillcome.”Theteacherstoodupandsaid,“Let’sopenthewindowandwateronyourfacehelpstostopyawns.Bevmaygofirst.”Howdoyoufeelnowafteryouhavereadthisstory?Didyouyawn?Watchafriendreadthis.Seeifyourfriendstartstoyawn.Ifyouseeayawn,youwillknowwhy.贝弗不能再工作了。她觉得太累了。她放下书本，打了个哈欠，感觉好多了。贝弗抬起头来。老师看到了她这样子吗？令她惊讶的是，老师也正打着呵欠。他吸了很长一口气，张大了嘴巴。他微微闭上了眼睛，让他的吸气释放在一个又大又慢的哈欠里。接着，贝弗听到了其他的哈欠声。老师说，“贝弗，打哈欠是因为我们的门和窗户都关着。整个房间暖暖的。而身体需要更多的空气。也许因为她累了她打哈欠。也许因为她饿了她打哈欠。或者她只是需要动一下。“他问道:“贝弗,现在你感觉好些了？““是的，”贝弗回答。“打哈欠可以唤醒我们，”老师说。“当你打哈欠你伸展了身体的许多部分。这样的伸展使你感觉良好。“还有更多的打哈欠。“人们不知道他们为什么打哈欠，”老师接着说。“但如果你看到呵欠，听到呵欠声，甚至阅读有关哈欠的文章，你也可能打哈欠。如果你的哈欠开始，你不能阻止它。你可以闭上嘴阻止它。但是哈欠仍然会再来。“老师站起来说：“让我们打开窗户，脸上擦些水有助于停止打哈欠。贝弗可以先试试。“当你看了这样的故事后你感觉如何呢？你打哈欠吗？观察一下朋友看了这个的反应。看看你的朋友是否开始打哈欠了。如果你看到打呵欠，你就会知道为什么了。46\nSomepeoplehaveverygoodmemories,andcaneasilylearnquitelongpoemsbyhearts.Thereareotherpeoplewhocanonlyrememberthingswhentheyhavesaidthemoverandover.CharlesDickens,thefamousEnglishauthor,saidthathecouldwalkdownanylongstreetinLondonandthentellyouthenameofeveryshophehadpassed.Manygreatmenoftheworkhavehadwonderfulmemories.Agoodmemoryisagreathelpinlearningalanguage.Everybodylearnshisownlanguagebyrememberingwhathehearswhenheisasmallchild.Somechildren—likeboysadgirlswholiveinforeigncountrieswiththeirparents—seemtolearntwolanguagesalmostaseasilyasone.Inschoolsitisnoteasytolearnasecondlanguagebecausethepupilshavesolittletimeforit,andtheyarebusywithothersubjectsaswell.Thehumanmindisratherlikeacamera,butittakesphotographsnotonlyofwhatweseebutofwhatwefeel,hear,smellandtaste.Memoryisthediarythatweallcarryaboutwithus.有些人有非常好的记忆力，能轻松地记住相当长的诗歌。还有些人，只能记住那些他们说了一遍又一遍的东西。查尔斯狄更斯，英国著名作家，据说他走过任何一条伦敦大街后就能告诉你他所经过的每一个商店的名字。许多伟人都具有极好的记忆力。良好的记忆力在学习语言中是有很大帮助的。每个人从小通过记住所听到的学习母语。有些孩子---比如与父母一起在国外生活的男孩和女孩们---似乎学习两种语言几乎与学习一种语言一样轻松。在学校里学习第二语言是不容易的，因为学生们只有很少的时间用于学习，并且他们也同时忙于其他学科。人类的心灵很像是一个相机，但是它'拍摄照片’不仅有我们所看到的东西，还有我们的感觉，听觉，嗅觉和味觉。记忆是伴随着我们一生的日记。47Theword“sport”firstmeantsomethingthatpeopledidintheirfreetime.Lateritoftenmeanthuntingwildanimalsandbirds.Aboutahundredyearsagothewordwasfirstusedfororganizedgames.Thisistheusualmeaningofthewordtoday.Peoplespendalotoftheirsparetimeplayingfootball,basketball,tennisandmanyothersports.Suchpeopleplaybecausetheywantto.Afewpeoplearepaidforthesporttheyplay.Thesepeoplearecalledprofessionalsportsmen.Theymaybesportsmenforonlyafewyears,butduringthattimethebestonecanearnalotofmoney.Forexample,aprofessionalfootballerinEnglandearnsmorethan$3000ayear.Thestarsearnalotmore.Internationalgolfandtennischampionscanmakemorethan$50000inayear.Ofcourse,onlyafewsportsmencanearnasmuchmoneyasthat.Itisonlypossibleinsportsforindividualslikegolf,tennisandmotorracing.Perhapsthemostsurprisingthingaboutsportsmenandmoneyisthis:Thestarscanearnmoremoneyfromadvertisingthanfromsport.Anadvertisingforsportsequipmentdoesnotsimplysay“Butourthing”.Itsays”Buythesameshirtandshoesas…”.Famoussportsmencanevenadvertisethingslikewatchesandfood.Theyallowthecompaniestousetheirnameoraphotographofthemandtheyarepaidforthis.Sportisnolongerjustsomethingforpeople’ssparetime.单词“sport”最初是指人们在空闲时间做的事。后来常指猎杀野生动物和鸟类。大约一百年前，这个词第一次用于表示举办奥运会。这是这个词现今的通常意义。人们花了很多业余时间踢足球，打篮球，打网球和许多其他运动项目。人们这样做是因为他们想运动。有少数人以他们从事的运动而获得报酬。这些人被称为职业运动员。他们可能只有短短数年的职业生涯，但在当时，最好的一个能赚很多钱。例如，英格兰职业足球运动员的收入一年超过3000美元。球星赚取更多。国际高尔夫球和网球冠军可以在一年里赚取超过50000\n美元。当然，只有少数运动员能赚很多钱，这仅在个人运动项目是可能的，像高尔夫球，网球和赛车。也许有关运动员和金钱最令人惊讶的事情是这样的：球星可从广告那部分赚取的钱比从运动本身赚取的钱要多的多。一种运动器材广告，不会简单地说：“购买我们的产品”。它得说：“买同系列的衬衫和鞋子如同...”。著名运动员甚至可以代言的产品像手表和食品。他们允许公司使用他们的名字或他们的照片，他们因此取得报酬。体育运动不再仅仅是人们闲暇时间的东西了。48Until1871,everyoneinEnglandplayedfootballforfun.Thensomeonehadtheideaofgivingabeautifulcuptothebestteameachyear.TheFootballAssociationagreed.Itmaderulesforitsteams.TodayintheFAcup,teamsplayagainsteachotheruntilthereisonlyoneteamleft,thewinningteam.ThewinnersgettheCup.Anyteam,largeorsmall,importantorunimportant,inorouttheassociation,canplay,butitisveryhardtogettheCup.TheFACupisoftenjustcalled“theCup”.Thereareothercups(liketheLeagueCup(联合杯),forexample),but“theCup”alwaysmeansthe“bigone”.TowinitisasgoodaswinningtheLeague,perhapsevenbetter.Attheendofthegame,oneteamisthebeatofall.Theplayersstandthereinfrontofmanypeople,sometimesmorethanfiftythousand,andonebyone,eachoftheelevenmembersoftheteamholdsthegreatCupabovehishead.ItisoneofthegreatmomentsofEnglandfootball.直到1871年，英国人踢足球还只当作娱乐。而后有人提出了想法把一个美丽的杯子授予每一年最好的球队。英格兰足球协会同意了。并为协会里的球队制定规则。今天的足总杯赛，球队捉对淘汰，直到只剩下一个球队，获胜的球队。胜利者获得足总杯。任何一支球队，大的或小的，重要的或不重要的，加入协会的或未加入协会的，都可以参赛，但是赢得足总杯是非常艰难的。足球协会杯通常就是所谓的“足总杯”。还有其他杯赛（例如，联合杯），但“足总杯”总是意味着“顶级”。为了赢得它，就象赢得联赛一样，甚至更好。在比赛结束后，一支球队是欢呼雀跃的。球员们站在许多人面前，有时甚至超过50000多，一个接一个，球队11个成员每个人的手触拥着大杯。它是英格兰足球的伟大时刻之一。49BicycletourandraceAbicycletourandracewillbeheldonAugust26and27(Sat.&Sun.).At5:30a.m.,therideswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kilometersasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55kilometerleg,fromYanjiaotoJixiantoChangli.ThesecondracinglegofthetourwillbefromChanglitotheseasideofNandaihe,coveringadistanceof20kilometers.Sundaymorningisfreeforsightseeingattheseaside.AtnoonallthepeopleandtheirbikeswillbetakenbacktoBeijing.Cost:200yean.Telephone:46750278BrazilianfootballersTheBrazilianFootballClubwillplayBeijingGuo’sandTeamattheWorkersStadiumonAugust26.Theclubhasfournationalteamplayers.Alsocomingis2004USWorldCupstarRomariowhohaspromisedtoplayforatleast45minutes.Ticketprices:60,100,150yean.Time/Date:4:30p.m.August26(Sat.)Telephone:50123726RockclimbingTheThirdNationalRockClimbingCompetitionwillbeheldonAugust26-37attheHuairouMountain-climbingTrainingBase.Morethan10teamsfromBeijing,Wuhan,Dalian,Jilinandotherplaceswilltakeparkinit.AJapaneseteamwillgiveanexhibitionclimbing.Freeforspectators.Takealong-distancebusfromDongzhimentoHuairou.Time/Date:8-12a.m.August26and27.Telephone:7143779,71448505(WangZhenghua)自行车旅行及比赛自行车旅行及比赛将于8月26日和27日（周六，周日。）上午5:30举行，旅程将从天安门广场出发，先骑第一个35公里作为一个训练段。然后下一个55公里赛段，从燕郊到蓟县到昌黎。该旅行的第二站赛段将从昌黎到南戴河海滨，全程20公里。\n周日上午到海边自由观光。中午所有的人和自行车将被送回北京。费用：200元。电话：46750278巴西足球运动员巴西足球俱乐部将于8月26日在工人体育场与北京国安队过招。该俱乐部有4个国家队的球员。另外2004年美国世界杯球星罗马里奥也将出场，他承诺上场发挥至少45分钟。门票价格：60，100，150元。时间/日期：8月26日（星期六）下午4:30电话：50123726攀岩第三届全国攀岩比赛将于8月26-37在怀柔登山训练基地举行。来自北京队，武汉，大连，吉林等地的10多支运动队将参加比赛。一支日本运动队将作攀登展示。观众免费。乘坐长途巴士从东直门到怀柔。时间/日期：8月26日和27日上午8:00--12:00。电话：7143779，71448505（王正华）50Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Mostofuslikeeatingsweetsandice-creambetterthanmeatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadforusifweeatthemattheendofameal.Ifweeatthembeforeameal,theymaytakeawayourappetite.It’simportantforustoeatourmealatregulartimeeachday.Whenwefeelworriedorexcited,wemaynotwanttoeat.Alongtimeago,inEngland,somejudgesoftendecidedwhetheramanwastellingtruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.Ofthemancouldnotswallowthebread,itmeantthathewasn’ttellingthetruth.Thoughthisseemsstrangeandtruth.Amanwhoisworryingsomethinghasdifficultyinswallowinganythingdry,becauseheloseshisappetite.我们的饮食习惯对于健康和强壮的身体而言是非常重要的。比起吃肉类和大米，我们当中多数人更喜欢吃甜食和冰淇淋。如果我们餐后吃甜食和冰淇淋，甜食和冰淇淋对我们没什么害处。如果我们餐前吃，它们可以夺走我们的胃口。我们每天在固定时间吃饭，这一点很重要。当我们感到兴奋或忧虑，我们可能不想吃。很久以前，在英国，一些法官常常决定一个人是否说了实话就给他一些干面包。该名男子未能吞下面包，这意味着他没有说实话。虽然这似乎很奇怪也很真实。正在忧虑某事的这名男子是很难吞下任何干食物的，因为他已没了胃口。51WhenItakeawalkaroundWashingtonSquarePark,Ioftenseealotofpeoplewalkingwithdogs.Itisstilltruethatadogisthemostusefulandfaithfulanimalintheworld,butpeoplehavechangedthereasonswhytheykeepadog.Ofcourse,theykeepdogsinordertokeepsafe.Butthemostimportantreasonisthattheycanhavefriends,becausethecitycanbealonelyplace.Forachild,adogishisbestfriendwhenhehasnofriendstoplaywith.Foryoungcouples,adogisalsotheirchildwhentheirrealchildrenhavegrownup.Nowcanyouseethereasonwhypeoplekeepdogs?\n当我绕着华盛顿广场公园散步时，我经常看到很多人在与溜狗。说实话，狗是世界上最有用和最忠实的动物，但是人们已经改变了他们养狗的理由。当然，他们养狗为了安全。但最重要的原因是他们能有朋友，因为城市是一个寂寞的地方。对于一个孩子而言，他没有朋友一起玩的时候，狗是他最好的朋友。对于年轻夫妇而言，当他们自己的孩子长大成人了，狗也是他们的孩子。现在你可以了解人们之所以养狗的原因了？ 52Themostfamousvegetableintheworldisthepotato.Itgrowsinmanyplacesanddoesnotneedasrichsoilasmanyothercropsneed.ButuntilfourhundredyearsagothepotatowasnotknowntoEuropeans.ButtodayitisoneofthemainfoodsinEurope.Aboutahalfoftheworld’spotatoesaregrowninEurope.InFrancethepotatowasnotgrownforfoodalongtimeago.AstoryistoldaboutHouis.In1778,hesawsomepotatoflowersforthefirsttime.Helikesthemsomuchthathepickedoneandputitinhisbuttonhole.Hewasinterestedinnineteenthcentury,thepotatowaseateninalmostallthecountriesoftheworld.世界上最有名的菜是马铃薯。它生长在许多地方，它并不需要象其他许多农作物所需的肥沃土壤。但是直到400年以前，欧洲人并不知道马铃薯。但今天马铃薯是欧洲的主要食品之一。世界上大约一半的马铃薯种植在欧洲。在法国，很久以前马铃薯并不作为食物来种植。有一个关于Houis的故事。1778年，Houis第一次看到了一些马铃薯花。他非常喜欢它们，所以他摘了一朵，把它插在他的扣眼里。19世纪时马铃薯深受欢迎，世界上几乎所有国家都食用马铃薯 53Weoftenthinkofinsectsasbeingharmful.Thisisnotquitetrue.Manyinsectsareharmful.Fliescarrydisease.Otherinsectscarrydisease,too.Farmersareatwarwithinsectsmostofthetime.Hungryinsectskillplantsinthefields.Farmersspraythefieldstogetridoftheseinsects.Doesthismeanthatallinsectsareharmful?No.manyareofgreathelptoman.Beesmakehoney.Withoutbeesandotherinsects,manytreeswouldhavenofruit.Silkwormsmakesilk,someinsectseatotherinsectsthatkillfruittrees.\nHaveyoueverseenaprayingmantis?Peoplewhodonotknowabouttheprayingmantissometimeskillit.Theythinkitisharmful.Butthisinsectisofgreathelptofarmersandgardeners.Iteatsinsectsthatkillplants.Longago,manypeoplethoughtofmostinsectsasenemies.Todayweknowthedifferencebetweenharmfulinsectsandthosethathelpus.我们往往认为昆虫是有害的。这是不完全正确的。许多昆虫是有害的。苍蝇携带疾病。其他昆虫也携带疾病的。农民们大多数时间里是与昆虫作斗争。饥饿的昆虫杀死田间的农作物。农民们喷洒除虫剂以驱散这些昆虫。这是否意味着所有的昆虫都有害吗？不是的，许多昆虫对人类有很大益处。蜜蜂制造蜂蜜。如果没有蜜蜂和其他昆虫，许多树木就没有果实。蚕吐丝，一些昆虫吃杀其他蛀果树的昆虫。你见过螳螂吗？不了解螳螂的人有时会杀死它。他们认为螳螂是有害的。但是，螳螂对农民和园丁有很大的帮助。螳螂食用导致植物死亡的昆虫。很久以前，许多人把大多数昆虫当作敌人看待。今天，我们知道了益虫和害虫之间的区别。 54Someanimalssleepinwintertimebecausetheweathercanbeverycoldanditisdifficultforthemtofindfood.Theycansleepforalongtime(fromautumntospring).Thiskindofwintersleepiscalled“hibernation”.Ifananimalmovesaboutalot,itneedsfood.Hibernatinganimalsdonotneedtoeatmuchbecausetheyarenotmovingabout.Theirheartsbeatveryslowlyandtheyalsobreatheweatherandwheretheyareoutofdanger.Theirbodyfatkeepsthemaliveandwarm.Someanimals,suchasbears,maywakeupfromtheirhibernationonwarmwinterdaysandthenquicklygobacktosleepagainwhentheyseethesnowisstillthickontheground.Whentheweatherbecomeswarmerisspring,theanimalsstarttowakeupandlookforgood.有些动物在冬季睡眠，因为冬季天气非常寒冷，并且他们难以找到食物。他们可以睡很长的时间（从秋季到春季）。这种在冬季的睡眠称作“冬眠”。如果一只动物到处活动，它需要食物。冬眠动物不需要吃太多，因为他们没有到处活动。他们的心跳很慢，他们仅做呼吸，而且他们远离生命危险。他们体内脂肪保持他们的温暖得以生存。有些动物如熊，可能在温暖的冬天从冬眠中醒来，然后当他们看到地面积雪仍厚时又迅速回去睡觉了。当春天来临天气变暖时，动物们开始苏醒，寻找食物了。 55\nAseeing-eyedogisaspecialdog.Ithelpsblindpeoplewalkalongthestreetsanddomanyotherthings.Wecallthesedogs“seeing-eye”dogsbecausethedogsarethe“eyes”oftheblindmenandtheyhelpthemtosee.Thesedogsgotospecialschoolsforseveralyearstolearntohelpblindpeople.Onedayaseeing-eyedogandablindmangotonabustogether.Thebuswasfullofpeopleandtherewerenospareseats.Oneman,however,soongotupandleft.Thedogtooktheblindmantotheseatbuttherewasverylittlespace.Thedogbegantopushthepeopleoneachsidewithhisnose.Hepushedandpusheduntilthepeoplemoveddownandfinallytherewasenoughspacefortwo.Theblindmanthensatdownandthedoggotupontheseatatthesideoftheblindman.Helayandsoonfellasleep.Everyoneonthebushadtosmileattheclevernessofthedoginmakingspacefortheblindmanand,atthesametime,makingaplaceforhimself.导盲犬是一种特殊的狗。它可以帮助盲人沿着街道行走和做很多其他的事情。我们称呼这些狗为“导盲”犬是因为，这种狗是盲人的“眼睛”，他们帮助盲人去'看’。这些狗进入特殊学校经过几年训练，以帮助失明人士。一天，一位盲人和一条导盲犬一起登上一辆巴士。巴士里挤满了人，没有多余的座位。有个人，不久起身离开。导盲犬带领盲人挤向座位，但是空间太小。狗开始用他的鼻子推开人们到一边。他推啊推直到人们移开后，终于留下足够有两个人的空间。然后盲人坐下来，狗跳到盲人的一边。狗躺着，很快就睡着了。巴士上的每个人都微笑地看着聪明狗为盲人找空位，并在同一时间，也为自己找了位子。 56Millionsofyearsago,therewerelotsoftreesontheearth,becausesummerlastedallyearround.Aforestcoveredtheearthlikeagreencarpet.Whatwasthatforestlike?Itisnotdifficulttofindout,becausepartsofthatancientforeststillstand.Itisknownastherainforest.Here,eveninfineweatherwaterdripsthroughtheleaves.Thelargestoftoday’srainforestsisinSouthAmerica.Itcoversaboutamillionsquaremiles.Allthetreesareverytall.Theyoungtreesareupto60feethigh.Butitisnoteasyforsometogrowtaller,becauseverylittlesunlightreachesthem.Thegrown-uptreesareabout60to120feethigh.Someareeventaller.Thetallesttreescanbe200ormorefeethigh.Inthisforestoftalltrees,notonlyplantlifeisrichbutalsoanimallife.Atdifferentheightslivedifferentanimals.Bythemanynoisestheymakeyouknowtheyarethere.几百万年前，地球上有大片森林，因为夏天持续全年。一个森林覆盖的地球像一个绿色的地毯。那时的森林象什么样呢？答案不难找到，因为这种古老森林的一部分仍然存在。它被称为热带雨林。在这里，即使是在晴朗的天气，雨滴也撒向树叶。当今最大的雨林是在南美洲。它占地约1万平方公里。所有的树木都非常高。年轻的树高达60英尺高。但是它们不易于长高，因为很少阳光照到它们。成年树木约60至120英尺高。有些甚至更高。最高的树能有200多英尺高。\n在这高大树木的森林里，不仅植物物种丰富，而且动物物种也丰富。在不同高度有不同的动物生活。通过很多的噪音它们让你知道它们在哪儿。 57Thecrowisanordinarybird.Itisabouttwentyincheslongandblackallover.Crowsaredirtybirdsbecausetheyliveonoldbadfood.Crowseatalotofwastefood.Inthiswaytheyaremoreusefultousthananyotherbirds.Theylookforfoodalldaylong,andintheeveningyoucanseetheminlargenumbersflyingbacktotheirnestsinthetrees.Theysleepthereatnight.Crowsaremuchnoisierthanotherbird.Veryoftenalargenumberofcrowswillgettogetherononehouseandtalk.Sometimestheytalktogether,andsometimestheydoitbyturnslikehumanbeings.Itiseasytotellfromcrows’soundswhethertheyarepleasedorangry.Perhapscrowstalktolotbecausetheyarefriendlybirds.Apairofcrowswilllivetogetheralltheirlives,andifoneofthemdies,theotheronebecomesverysadandquietfortherestofitslifeandsometimesitdiestoo.乌鸦是一种普通的鸟。它大约20英寸长全身通黑。乌鸦因为以陈腐食物为生而成为脏兮兮的鸟。乌鸦食用很多废弃的食物。这样，对我们而言他们比任何其他鸟类更有用。他们整天寻找食物，在晚上你可以看到成群的乌鸦飞回在树上的巢穴。夜间他们睡在那里。乌鸦比其他鸟喧闹得多。很多时候，成群的乌鸦聚在一家一起讨论。有时他们一起交谈，有时他们象人一样轮流说话。无论乌鸦是高兴还是生气，很容易从乌鸦的声音来分辨。或许因为乌鸦是友善的鸟类，它们交谈很多。一对乌鸦将共同生活一辈子，如果其中一个死去，另一个的余生会变得非常伤心，非常寂寞，有时也一同死去。 58Whenwethinkofplants,mostofuswillthinkofthingsthatgrowfromthegroundandhavegreenleaves,butthereareplantsthatdonotlookofactlikeotherplants.Someofthesebelongtoaspecialclassofplantscalledfungi.Fungimayappearalmosteverywhere.Theyusuallygrowindampplaceswheretheycangetfoodandwatereasily.Becausefungidonothavegreenleaves,theycannotmakefoodforthemselves.Greenplantsusetheirleavestomaketheirownfood,butfungimusttaketheirfoodfromanimals,otherplantsorwastematter.Somefungiliveonrottingwood,whileothersgrowonlivingtreesorindirtormoss.Mushroomsarethebest-knownfungi.Therearemanykindsofmushroomsappearinginallshapesandsizes.Forexample,cauliflowermushroomsarefoundinforestsfromJulytoOctober.Theycangrowtobeasheavyasfiftypounds!Theygrowatthefootoftrees.Squirrel’sbreadisanotherkindofwildmushroom.Itsappearanceanduseexplaintheoriginofitsname.Thesefungi,looklikesmallgoldencakes,growonshort,fatstems.Squirrelscaneasilynibblethemorcarrythemofftotheirneststoeatlater.Themushroomsfoundinfoodstoresarecarefullygrownbypeoplewhoknowtheyaresafetoeat.Mushroomsexpertswarnpeoplenevertotouchortastewildmushroomsbecausesomeofthemaredeadly.Evenlessdangerousonescanstillmakeapersonverysick.当我们谈起植物，我们大多数人会想到的东西是，从地面生长，有绿叶子，但也有看起来不像其他植物生长样式的。其中一些属于一类特殊的植物称为真菌。\n真菌可能几乎无处不在。它们通常生长在潮湿的地方，它们可以很容易得到养料和水。由于真菌没有绿叶，它们不能为自己提供食物。绿色植物通过叶子提供给自己所需的养料，但真菌必须从动物，植物或其他废物获取养料。有些真菌生活在腐烂的木材上，而另一些长在树上或生活在泥土中或生活在苔藓上。蘑菇是最著名的真菌。有各种形状和大小的许多种蘑菇。例如，在7?10月的森林中可以找到花椰菜蘑菇。它们可以长到五十磅重！它们长在树脚边。松鼠的面包是另一种野生蘑菇。它们的外观和用途说明了其名称的由来。这些真菌，看上去像小黄金蛋糕，长有短短的，肥肥的茎干。松鼠可以很容易地蚕食它们或将它们运回自己的巢穴以后吃。？[Themushroomsfoundinfoodstoresarecarefullygrownbypeoplewhoknowtheyaresafetoeat.]？由懂得可以安全食用的行家发现的蘑菇品种在食品店谨慎地增加。蘑菇专家警告人们千万不要触摸或品尝野蘑菇，因为其中有些是致命的。即使不致命的也能使人病得很重。 59InCanadayoucanfinddogs,cats,horses,etc,inalmosteveryfamily.Thesearetheirpets.Peoplelovethesepetsandhavethemastheirgoodfriends.Beforetheykeepthemintheirhouses,theytakethemtoanimalhospitalstogivethemneedlessothattheywon’tcarrydisease.Theyhavespecialanimalfoodstores.SomepeoplespendaroundtwohundredCanadiandollarsamonthonanimalfood.Whenyouvisitpeople’shomes,theywouldbeverygladtoshowyoutheirpetsandtheyareveryproudofthem.Youwillalsofindthatalmosteveryfamilyhasabirdfeederintheirgarden.Allkindsofbirdsarewelcomedtocomeandhaveagoodmeal.TheyarefreetocomeandgoandnobodyisallowedtokillanyanimalinCanada.Theyhavealawagainstkillingwildanimals.Ifyoukilledananimal,youwouldbepunished.Ifananimalhappenedtogetrunoverbyacarpeoplewouldbeverysadaboutit.PeopleinCanadahavemanyreasonstolikeanimals.Oneofthemmightbe:theirfamilytieisnotascloseasours.Whenchildrengrowuptheyleavetheirparentsandstarttheirownlife.Thentheoldwillfeellonely.Butpetscansolvethisproblem.Theycanbegoodfriendsandneverleavethemalone.在加拿大几乎每个家庭你可以找到狗，猫，马等。这些都是他们的宠物。人们喜欢这些宠物，并当它们的好朋友。在他们自己家里饲养之前，他们带它们去动物医院给动物注射疫苗以预防疾病。他们有专门的动物性食品的商店。有些人1个月的动物食物花费约200加元。当你拜访加人的家园，他们会很乐意告诉你他们的宠物，他们很为它们感到骄傲。你还会发现，几乎每个家庭的花园里都有鸟儿的喂食器。欢迎各种鸟类来美餐，它们可以自由地来来去去，在加拿大没有人可以杀死任何动物。他们立法禁止捕杀野生动物。如果你杀死一个动物，你会受到惩罚。如果一个动物碰巧被车辗过，人们会很难过的。加拿大人喜欢动物有很多理由。其中之一可能是：他们的亲属关系并非如我们那样地接近。当孩子长大后，他们离开父母，开始自己的生活。然后，年老的会觉得孤独。但宠物可以解决这个问题。他们可以成为好朋友，从来没有离开他们。 60Tofindoutwhetherbeescanseecolours,thefollowingexperimentismade.Atableisputinagarden,andonthetableisabluecardwithsomesyruponit.Assoonasonebeefindsthesyrup,manymorecometoitoneafteranotherinashorttome.Itseemsthatonebeeisabletotellthenewsoffoodtotheotherbeesintheir“home”.Afteramoment,thebluecardwithsyruponitistakenaway.Insteadofthiscard,abluecardisnowputontheleftsideofthefirstfeedingplaceandaredcardtoitsright.Nothingcanbeseenonthetwocards.Verysoonbeesarriveagain,andflystraighttothebluecard.Nonegototheredone.\n要了解蜜蜂是否可以辨别颜色，进行下面的实验。花园里摆上一张桌子，桌上放着一块涂了糖浆的蓝色卡片。只要一只蜜蜂发现糖浆，短时间里就会有更多的蜜蜂一个接一个到来。看来，一个蜜蜂能把食物信息传递给“家”中的其他蜜蜂。过一会儿，拿走涂有糖浆的蓝色卡片。现在把替换了的蓝色卡片放在第一次喂食地点的左侧，再放一块红色卡片到蓝色的右侧。两张卡片上看不到任何东西。很快蜜蜂再次到来，直接飞向蓝色卡片，没有一只飞向红色卡片。61ThemostfrighteningwordsintheEnglishlanguageare,“Ourcomputerisdown.”Youhearitmoreandmorewhenyouareinbusiness.TheotherdayIwasattheairportwaitingforatickettoWashingtonandthegirlintheticketofficesaid,“I’msorry,Ican’tsellyouaticket.Ourcomputerisdown.”“Ifyourcomputerisdown,justwritemeoutaticket.”“Ican’twriteyououtaticket.Thecomputeristheonlyoneallowedtodoso.”Ilookeddownthecounterandeverypassengerwasjuststandingtheredrinkingcoffeeandstaringattheblackscreen.ThenIaskedher,“Whatdoyoudo?”“Wegivethecomputertheinformationaboutyourtrip,andittellsuswhetheryoucanflywithusornot.”“Sowhenitgoesdown,yougodownwithit.”“That’sright,sir.”“Howlongwillthecomputerbedown?”Iwantedtoknow.“Ihavenoidea.Sometimesit’sdownfor10minutes,sometimesfortwohours.Thereisnowaywecanfindoutwithoutaskingthecomputer,andsinceit’sdownitwon'tanswerus.”Afterthegirltoldmetheyhadnobackup(备用的)computers.Isaid,“Let’sforgetthecomputer.Whataboutyourplanes?They’restillflying,aren’tthey?”“Icouldn'ttellwithoutaskingthecomputer.”“MaybeIcouldjustgotothegateandaskthepilotthehe’sflyingtoWashington.”Isuggested.“Iwouldn'tknowwhatgatetosentyouto.EvenifthepilotwasgoingtoWashington,hecouldn'ttakeyouifyoudidn'thaveaticket.”“IsthereanyotherflighttoWashingtonwithinthenextfewhours?”“Iwouldn'tknow,”shesaid,pointingatthedarkscreen.“Only'IT’knows.'IT’cantellme.”Bythistimetherewerequietafewpeoplestandinginline.Thewordspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown.Somepeopleleft,somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedluggage.在英语语言中最可怕的话是：“我们的电脑出故障了。”当你在进行业务时，你听到这话越来越多了。有一天，我在机场候买去华盛顿的机票，售票处里的女孩说，“对不起，我无法给你出票。我们的电脑出故障了。”“如果您的电脑出故障了，我手写一张票吧。”“我无法手写给你。只有电脑是唯一允许这样操作的。”我低头扫视了柜台，每个乘客只是站在那里喝着咖啡，盯着黑色屏幕。然后我问她：“那你做什么呢？”\n“我们把你的旅行信息输入电脑，它会告诉我们您是否能飞或不能。”“所以，当电脑出现故障，你和电脑一起停工。”“没错，先生。”“电脑出故障会有多长时间？”我想知道。“我不知道。有时停10分钟，有时停两个小时。除了问电脑我们没有其他办法知道，因为它出故障也就不会回答我们。”女孩告诉我他们没有备用的电脑之后。我说：“让我们忘掉电脑。那么你们的飞机怎么样了？它们是不是还在飞行呢？”“不问电脑我无法告诉你。”“也许我只能走向大门，去问飞向华盛顿的飞行员。”我建议。“我不知道你该进什么大门。即使飞行员要飞华盛顿，如果你没有机票，他也不能带上你。”“在未来几个小时里，还有没有其他飞往华盛顿的航班？”“我不知道，”她指着黑色屏幕说。“只有'它’知道。只有'它’能告诉我。”到这时候还有相当一部份人在排队。电脑出故障这个词传播到其余旅客。有些人离开，有些人哭了起来，还有一些人踢行李。62Almosteveryfamilybuysatleastonecopyofanewspapereveryday.Somepeoplehaveasmanyastwoorthreedifferentnewspapers.Butwhydopeoplereadnewspapers?Fivehundredyearsago,newsofimportanthappenings,battleslostandwon,kingsorrulersoverthrown(推翻)orkilledtookmonthsandevenyearstotravelfromonecountrytoanother.Thenewspassedbywordsofmouth.Todaywecanreadinournewspapersofimportantthingsthathappeninfarawaycountriesonthesameday.Besidesgivingnewsfromallovertheworld,newspaperstellusalotofotherusefulinformation.Thereareweatherreports,radio,televisionandfilmguides,bookreviews,stories,andofcourse,advertisements(广告).Thereareallkindsofadvertisements.Theypaythenewspapersthousandsofdollarsfortheadvertisingspace(广告版面),butitisworththemoneybecausenewsofwhattheymakeinfactoriesgoesintoalmosteveryhomeinthecountry.Forthosewhomakenewspapers,advertisementsarealsoveryimportant.Moneyfromadvertisementsmakesitpossibleforthemtoselltheirnewspapersatalowpriceandstillmakeaprofit.Newspapersoftenhaveinformationongardening,cookeryandfashion(时装)aswellasasmallbutverypopularpartonjokesandcartoons.几乎每个家庭每天至少购买一份报纸。有些人购买多达两种或三种不同的报纸。人们为什么看报纸？五百年前，重大事件，战争输赢，国王或统治者被推翻或杀死的新闻信息要过上几个月甚至数年才能从一个国家传播到另一个国家。那时的新闻信息通过口头传播。今天，我们能够在报上看到同一天里在遥远的国度发生的重要事件。除了来自世界各地的新闻，报纸还给我们提供了其它很多有用的信息。有天气预报，广播，电视和电影预告，书评，故事，当然，还有广告。有各种各样的广告。他们支付给广告版面数千美元，但这是值得的，因为他们在工厂发生的新闻信息传入几乎每一个在乡间的家庭。对于经营报纸和广告的那些人也是非常重要的。广告收入使他们有可能以低廉的价格出售他们的报纸并且仍然能够盈利。报纸经常有园艺，烹饪和时装方面的信息，也有笑话和漫画方面的一小块但非常流行的版面。63\nManystudentsareinjuredorkilledindifferentkindsofaccidents.Chenhaoyu,ateacheratBeijingNo.25middleSchoolandaself-protectionexpert,givesyoungstudentsadviceonhowtodealwithdanger:·IfyouarerobbedKeepclam.Ifyoucannotcryforhelporrunaway,givetherobberyourmoney.Tryandrememberwhattherobberlookedlikeandtellthepolice.·IfyouareinatrafficaccidentIfyouarehurtbyacar,takedowntheregistrationnumber,ifitisabicycle,trytocontactyourparentsbeforeyoulettheridergo.Thisisincaseyoudon'trealizehowseriouslyyouarehurt.·IfitisraininghardandthereislightningDon'tstayinhighplacesandkeepawayfromtrees.·WhenthereisafireGetsawayasfastasyoucan.Butwetmaterialonyourbodyandtrytofindanexit.Donottakeelevator!·IfsomeoneisdrowningIfyoucan’tswim,don'tgetintothewater.Cryoutforhelp.·Rememberthatdangerisneverasfarawayasyouthink.Lookafteryourselfatalltimes!许多学生在各类事故中受伤或死亡。陈浩宇，一位北京第25中学教师和自我保护的专家，给年轻学生关于如何处理危险的建议：?如果被抢劫保持沉默。如果你不能呼叫求助或逃离开，把你的钱给强盗。设法记住这个强盗长什么样子，报告警察。?如果出交通事故如果你被汽车撞了，记下车牌号，如果是自行车，在你让骑车人离开之前，设法联系你的父母。这是在你不知道你伤得有多严重的情况下。?如果天下大雨并有雷电不要停留在高处，远离大树。?当发生火灾尽你的可能快速撤离。随身带上湿的东西，并设法找到一个出口。不要乘电梯！?如果有人溺水如果你不会游泳，不能跳入水中。呼叫求助。?请记住此类危险从来不是你想象中的遥远。你自己时时要当心！64Suppose(假设)amanhasacaraccident.Heishurtbadlyandisunconscious(失去知觉的);thatis,hecan’tthink,speak,orhear.Hisfamilytakeshimtothehospital.Thedoctorstellthefamilythathisbrain(大脑)isdead.Amachinecanmakehimbreathe.Nowthepatient’s(病人)familymustanswersomedifficultquestions.Shouldtheythinkheisdead?Shouldtheyaskthedoctorstousethemachinetomakehimbreathe?Sometimesmachinescanmakeanunconsciouspersonbreatheforyears.However,ifhisbrainisdead,hewillneverthink,speak,orhearagain.Then,shouldhisfamilyaskthedoctorsnottousethemachineandlethimdie?Someonewhoisunconsciouscan’tsayhewantstodie.Canhisfamilysaythisforhim?Somepeoplethinkthisisagoodidea.Somethinkotherwise(不同地).Manypeoplearehurtwhenmachineskeepapersonalive.Theunconsciouspersondoesn'tknowthis.Machineonlymakethefamilyandfriendshurtlonger.假设一个男子出了车祸。他伤的很重，失去了知觉；也就是说，他不能思考，不能说话，不能听见。他的家人送他到医院。医生告诉家人，他的大脑已经死亡。一台机器可以辅助他呼吸。现在，病人的家属必须回答一些棘手的问题。他们可以认为他死了吗？他们可以要求医生使用机器使他呼吸吗？有时机器可以使昏迷不醒的人呼吸多年。但是，如果他的大脑已经死亡，他再也不能思考，不能说话，不能听见了。那么，能允许他的家属要求医生不使用机器，让他死去吗？昏迷不醒的人无法说出他想死。他的家属能替他说吗？有些人认为这是一个好主意。另有一些人持不同认识。当机器维持一个人活着的时候，许多人受到了伤害。昏迷不醒的人不知道这一点。机器仅能造成他的家人和朋友更长时间的伤害。\n65Mostpeoplewanttowork,butithasbecomemoredifficultintoday’sworldtofindworkforeverybody.Theeconomiesoftheworldneedtogrowby4%eachyearjusttokeeptheoldnumberofjobsforpeople.oftenthisisnotpossible,andsomorepeoplearewithoutwork.Somepeoplehavenojobsnowbecausenewmachinescandotheworkofmanypeopleinashortertime.Also,machinesdonotaskformoremoneyandlongerholidays.Inallofthecountriesoftheworldmachinesaretakingworkfrompeople,notonlyinfactoriesbutalsoonthefarms.Onemachinecanoftendotheworkoffortypercentofpeople.About75,000peoplearemovingtothecitiesadaytolookforjobs,butonly70%ofthemcanfindjobs.大多数人想要工作，但在当今世界每个人都找到工作已成为很大困难。世界经济需要每年增长4％，仅能维持原先的就业人数。通常这是不可能的，所以好多人没有工作。现今有些人没有工作，是由于新机器能用较短时间完成许多人的工作。此外，机器不会要求更多的工资和较长的假期。在世界上所有国家，机器不仅在工厂，而且在农场正取代人的工作。一台机器通常能够完成人工作的40％。每天约75,000人移居到城市找工作，但只有其中70％可以找到工作。66OnThursdaymorning,morethan100citizensinNanjing,thecapitalofEastChina’sJiangsuProvince,donatedbloodatalocalstationasaresultofthelocalpromotioncampaignofthecountry’sblooddonationlawwhichtookeffectlatelastyear.Some82.3percentofthebloodinthelocalsupply(供应)centrehasbeendonated,comparedwithlastyearwherealargeamountofbloodwaspurchased(购买).Asmanyas12,000localpeoplehavefreelydonatedtheirbloodsofar,ensuring(保证)anabundantsupplyforuseinlocalhospitals.周四早上，在中国东部江苏省省会南京，100多名市民在当地??电视台献血，以作为去年年底生效的国家献血法的本地宣传活动。与去年同期那里大量购买的血液相比，已有82.3%捐赠到当地供血中心。到目前为止，多达12,000名当地市民无偿捐献了自己的鲜血，为当地医院的使用保障了丰富的供应。\n67Inthepast,whenpeoplehadproblems,theywenttotheirfamiliesorfriendstogetadvice.Today,itispossibletogetadvicefromradioshow,TVprogramsandtelephonehotlines,too.Ahotlineisatelephonelinethatoffersadirectwayofgettingintouchwith(同……联络)advisers.Mosthotlinesarecompletelyanonymous(不具名的).Callersdonothavetosaytheirnamesortelephonenumbers.Mosthotlinesareusuallyfree,too.Callersdonothavetopayfortheadviceorthephonecalls-evenifthecallsarelongdistance(长途).Atsomehotlines,theadvisersarevolunteers(志愿者).Otherhotlinespaytheiradvisersfortheirwords.Usuallytheadvisersareprofessionals(专业人员),withyearsofeducationandexperience,butsometimes,theadvisershaveonlytakenashortclassbeforestartingtoworkonthehotline.Alltheadviserslistentopeopleandhelpthemsettletheirproblems.在过去，当人们遇到问题，他们向家人或朋友咨询。今天，也可以从广播节目，电视节目和电话热线得到咨询。热线是一条电话线，提供了一个与顾问联络的直接方式。大多数热线是完全匿名的。呼叫者不必说出他们的名字或电话号码。大多数热线通常也是免费的。呼叫者不必支付咨询费或电话费，即使是长途电话费。有些热线的顾问是志愿者。其他热线给它们的顾问支付报酬。顾问通常是有多年教育和经验的专业人士，但有时候，顾问在开始热线电话工作以前只经过短期培训。所有的顾问倾听来电，帮助他们解决问题。68HerearefourmessagesonAlanMarshall’sanswerphone.Monday9:21Alan?Alan,ifyou’reathome,pleaseanswerthephone.Areyoureallynotthere?Well,I’djustliketosaythatI’mveryangrywithyou—andyourfatheristoo.Youknowhowmuchhelovesourmonthlyfamilylunches.Thisisthefifthoneyou’remissed.Ihopeyou’vegotareallygoodreasonthistime.Oh,umm,thisisyourmotherspeaking.Monday10:21Mr.Marshall,thisisStefiRosen,Mr.Prince’sassistant.I’mcallingtoconfirm(确认)tomorrow’slunchwithMr.YamadaofRisingSunComputerGames.Mr.Princewantsyoutoknowwhathismeetingisveryimportant.Pleaseremembertobringtointeractivitydesigns(互动设计)withyou.HesaysthatMr.Yamadaisreadytopayfortheworldrights(版权)onyournewgame!TherestaurantisTheFourStarsinGowerStreetandI’vebookedatableforaquarterpastone.Bethereontime—please!Monday11:23MynameisKarenMiller.I’maproduceratInteractiveComputerGames,Australia.Isawyourgame“KilltheEnemy!”attheInternationalComputerGameFair.IthinkyourworkisgreatandI’dliketodiscussbuyingtherightsformypartoftheworld.Someoneatthefairsaidthatyou’reworkingonanewgamewhichisevenmoreinteractive.Howinteractivecanyouget?Perhapsweinteractoverlunch?I’minLondonuntilWednesday.Mymobilenumberis02774176130800.Monday12:31\nHello,Alan.It'sDaisy.Didyouhaveagoodweekend?How’sthenewgamegoing?Imissyou.Bye.有关艾伦马歇尔的录音电话的四条消息。星期一9:21艾伦？艾伦，如果你在家里一样，请接电话。难道你真的不在？嗯，我只是想说，我，还有你的父亲对你很生气。你知道他是多么重视我们的每月家庭午餐。这是你第五次缺席了。我希望这次你找到一个很好的理由。哦，嗯，??这是你母亲的留言。星期一10:21马歇尔先生，我是斯特菲罗森，普林斯先生的助手。我打电话来确认明天与旭日电脑游戏的山田先生的午餐会。普林斯先生希望你知道这个会议很重要。请记住带上你的互动设计。他说，山田先生准备为你的新游戏付款购买全世界版权！餐厅在高尔街上的四星星，我已经预订了一点一刻的座位。请准时到来！星期一11:23我是凯伦米勒，澳大利亚互动电脑游戏的制片人。我在国际电脑游戏博览会上看到你的游戏“杀敌！”。我觉得你的游戏很精彩，我很愿意与你商谈购买我的部份世界版权。在博览会上有人说你正在创作的一个新游戏具有更强的互动性。你怎么取得互动性的？也许我们互动一次午餐？我在伦敦逗留到星期三。我的手机号码是02774176130800。星期一12:31艾伦，你好。我是戴西。周末过得愉快吗？新游戏进展如何？我想你。再见。69“Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings.Itsoldmeaningisusedtoexpressatemperaturethatisalittlebitcold.Astheworldhaschanged,thewordhashadmanydifferentmeanings.“Cool”canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.Whenyouseeafamouscarinthestreet,maybeyouwillsay,“It’scool.”Youmaythink,“He’ssocool,”whenyouseeyourfavouritefootballer.Weallmaximize(扩大)themeaningof“cool”.Youcanuseitinsteadofmanywordssuchasteacheraskedherstudentstowriteaboutthewaterfalltheyhadvisited.Ononestudent’spaperwasjusttheonesentence,“It’ssocool.”Maybehethoughtitwasthebestwaytoshowthathesawandfelt.Butthestoryalsoshowsascarcity(不足)ofwords.Without“cool”,somepeoplehavenowordstoshowthesamemeaning.Soitisquiteimportanttokeepsomecredibility(可信性).Canyouthinkofmanyotherwordsthatmakeyourlifeascolorfulastheword“cool”?Ican,andIthinktheyarealsoverycool.“酷”是一个具有多种含义的词。其本义是用来表达一个温度有点冷。由于世界变化了，这个词有许多不同的含义。“酷”可以用来表达对几乎所有的东西感兴趣的感觉。当你在街上看到一辆名牌汽车，也许你会说，“这很酷。“当你看到你最爱的足球运动员，你可能想：”他太酷了“。我们都在扩大“酷”的意思。你可以用它代替许多话，比如老师要求她的学生描写他们观赏过的瀑布。在一个学生的作文里只有一个句子，“这太酷了。“也许他认为这是最好的方式来表达他看到的和感受到的。但这个故事也显示出词语的匮乏。不用“酷”，有些人就没有词语来表达同样的意思。所以保留一些可信性是很重要的。你能想到许多其他词语使你生活得如同“酷”字一样丰富多彩吗？我能做到，我觉得他们也很酷。70Todaythereareabout7,000,000Americansincollegesanduniversities.IntheUnitedStatesnearlyhalfofthepopulation(人口)areyoungpersonsundertwenty-five.Manyofthemwillsoonbeinchargeof(掌管)thecountry.Sotheirideasareimportanttoeveryoneinthecountry,anditisnecessaryforolderpeopletounderstandwhatyoungpeoplethinkandfeel.Collegestudentstodayhavestrongopinions(观点)aboutrightandwrong.Theyareinterestedinmakingabetterlife.Theyseemuchthatiswronginthelivesoftheirparents.Itishardforthemtoseewhatisrightandgoodintheolderways.Becauseofthis,thereisoftentroubleinAmericanfamilies.\n今天，大约有7,000,000美国人就读高校。在美国近半数的人口是二十五岁以下的青少年。他们中许多人将在不久掌管这个国家。因此对国家中的每个人而言，他们的想法是很重要的，而且成年人理解年轻人的想法和感受是必要的。今天的大学生具有强烈的对错观。他们对创造一个美好生活感兴趣。他们看到在父母生活中的很多不足。让他们用老观念去看什么是正确而好的是很困难的。正因为如此，在美国家庭往往存有烦恼。71“Howareyou?”isanicequestion.It’safriendlywaythatpeopleintheUnitedStatesgreeteachother,butwhenapersonsays“Howareyou?”heexpects()toheartheanswer“Fine,”eveniftheperson’sfriendisn’tfine.Thereasonisthat“Howareyou?”isn’treallyaquestion,and“fine”isn’treallyananswer.Theyarecommonwaysofsaying“Hello”and“Hi”.Sometimespeoplealsodon’tsayexactlywhattheymean.Forexample,whensomeoneasks,“Doyouagree?”theotherpersonmaybethinking.“No,Idon’tagree.Ithinkyouarewrong.”Butitdoesn’tsoundverypolite,sohemaysay,“I’mnotsosure.”It’sanicerwaytosaythatyoudon’tagreewithsomeone.Peoplealsodon’tsayexactlywhattheyarethinking.Forexample,whenapersonwantstofinishtalkingwithotherpeopleonthephone,hemaysay“Ihavetogonow”.Sometimesheoftengivesanexcuse,“Someoneisatthedoor”,“Somethingisburning”soon.Theexcusemaybereal,oritmaynot.It’sapolitewaytostopaconversationanditdoesn’thurttheotherperson’sfeeling.It’sanimportantwaythatpeopletrytobenicetoeachother,andit’sapartofthegameoflanguage.“你好吗？“是一个友善的问题。这是一种美国人民互相问候对方的友好方式，但是当一个人说：“你好吗？“即使这人的朋友不是很好，他期望听到的回答：”好，“。原因是，“你好吗？“不是一个真正的问题，”好“也不是一个真正的回答。它们是说“你好”和“嗨”的常见方式。有时候，人们不是精确地说出他们的意思。例如，当有人问，“你是否同意？“其他人可能会想。“不，我不同意。我认为你错了。“不过，这听上去不是很有礼貌，所以他可能会说，”我不那么肯定。“这是一个较好的方式来表达你不同意某人。人们也不是精确地说出他们的所想。例如，当一个人要结束与他人在电话中的交谈，他会说：“我得走了。”有时候，他常常给出一个借口，“有人在门口”，“有东西烧糊了”等。借口可能是真实的，也可能不真实的。这是一种停止谈话的礼貌方式，这样不会伤害他人的感觉。这是一个人们尽量善待对方的重要途径，，这也是语言游戏的一个部分。72Itisn’tstrictlytruethatonehalfoftheworldisrichandtheotherhalfispoor.It’sonethirdthatisveryrichandtow-thirdsthatareverypoor.Peopleintherichcountriesdon’tunderstandthegreatdifferencebetweenthemandthoseinthepoorercountries.AverysimpleisthatadogoracatinNorthAmerica\neatsbetterthanachildinthepoorercountries.AfishermanisSouthAmericamaybecatchingfishwhichismadeintopetfood,andhisownchildrenarenotgettingenoughtoeatfortheirbodiestogrowproperly.Althoughalotoftheworld’snaturalresources(资源)likeoilcomefromthesepoorercountries,peopleintherichercountriesareusingaboutsixtytimesasmuchoftheseresourcesaspeopleinAsiaofAfrica.Andit’stherichercountriesthatdeicidethatkindofpricestheyarereadytopayfortheseresources.Andtheprocesstherichercountriesgetfortheirownexports(出口),however,arealwaysrising.Sotheyaregettingricherandricherandthepoorercountriesaregettingpoorer.世界上一半是富人，另一半是穷人，这不完全正确。世界上三分之一的人非常富有，三分之二的人非常贫穷。在富裕国家的人们并不了解他们与在贫穷国家的人们之间的巨大差异。一个显见的事是，狗或猫在北美吃的比在较贫穷国家的儿童吃的更好。一个南美渔民可能把捕到的鱼制成宠物食品，而他自己的孩子得不到足够的身体正常生长所需的东西吃。虽然世界上的自然资源比如石油来自这些贫穷国家，在富裕国家的人享用的资源约为在亚洲，非洲人民的六十多倍。富裕的国家决定了他们愿意支付这些资源的价格。而这个过程中较富裕的国家由于他们出口得到的却总是在上升。因此，他们越来越富，穷国越来越穷。73Fromthetimewewerebabieswehavebeentaughtourmanners.Wearetaughthowtoholdaknifeandaforkandnottotalkwithourmouthsfull.Wearetaughthowtoshakehandsandwhentostandandwhentositandthewaytointroducepeople.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplaceareverybadmannerssomewhereelse.Almosteverywhereeatingtogethermeansthatyouareveryfriendlytoeachother.ButinpartsofPolynesia(波利尼西亚)itisbadmannerstobeseeneatingatall.Theypolitelyturntheirbacksoneachotherwhentheyaretakingfood.SomeEastAfricansspitfourtimesasakindofblessing.Theydoittoshowthattheywantasickpersontogetwell,ortoblessanew-bornbaby.Inmostotherplaces,spittingmeansjustsomethingcompletelydifferent.It’ssomethingtodotoshowthatyouhatesomeone.Whenwegotovisitsomeonewesay“Hello”,and“Howareyou”andthingslikethat.IfyouwerevisitinganEastAfricanvillage,everyonewouldbeverycarefulnottopayanyattentiontoyou.Thepolitethingtherewouldbeforyoutogoquietly,withoutspeakingtoanyone,andsitbesideyourfriend.Youwouldwaituntilhehadfinishedwhathewasdoingandthenhewouldbegintalkingtoyou.InavillageinArab,avisitorwalksbehindallthetents(帐篷)untilhegetstotheonehewantstovisit.Ifhepassedinfront,hewouldbeinvitedintoeachtentandaskedtoeat.Itwasrude(粗鲁)torefuse.从我们是婴儿时候起就被教导我们的举止。我们被教导如何拿刀叉，满嘴东西不可说话。我们被教导如何握手，何时起立坐下，招呼别人的方式。有时候一个地方的良好举止在其他地方是很不礼貌的举止。几乎所有地方全部吃光意味着你们相互很友好。但在波利尼西亚那里，全部吃光被视为是不礼貌的行为。当他们吃东西时，他们会有礼貌地留下给对方。一些东非人吐四次作为一种祝福。他们这样做是为了表明他们希望一个有病的人病情好转，还有祝福新出生的婴儿。在大多数其他地方，吐的意思正好是完全不同的。做这事，说明你讨厌某人。当我们见到某人，我们说“你好”和“你好吗”之类的东西。如果你在游览东非村寨，每个人会非常小心一点都不理会你。对你而言在那里有礼貌的事情是你静静地走，不跟任何人说话，坐在你的朋友旁边。你要等到他完成了他做的事情，然后他会开口跟你说话。在一个阿拉伯村庄，访客要在所有帐篷的背后行走，直到他找到??一个他想要访问的帐篷。如果他在帐篷前面行走，他将被邀请到每个帐篷，并要吃东西。拒绝是粗鲁的行为。\n74LittleTomdownthestreetcallsourdog"Thekeepdog".Zipisasheepdog.ButwhenTomtriestosay"Seep",itcomesout"keep".AndinawayTomisright.Zipisalwaysbringingthingshoemforustokeep!I'lltellyouaboutsomeofthem.Zip'sfirstpresentwasashoe.Itwasmadeofgreensilk.Wedidn'tknowhowZipfoundtheshoe.ButafteramomentMary,mybigsister,toldmetheshoehadastrangesmell.Inodded(点头)andheldmynose."Whatdoyouthinkitis?""Itsmellslikesomethingforcleaning.Ithinksomeonetriedtocleanaspot(污点)offtheshoe.Thenheputitatthedoortodry.""AlongcameZip.Andgood-byeshoe!"Isaid."Weshouldtakeitback.""Wecan't".saidmysistter."MaybelittleTomisright,"Marysaid."MaybeZipisakeepdog!"1.ThewriterandMarydidn'tknow______.A.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasB.howZipcarrieditsfirstpresenthomeC.whoownedZip'sfirstpresentD.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasmadeof2.TomcallsZip"thekeepdog"because______.A.thedoglikeskeepingthingsB.thedoglikesplayingwithshoesC.hedoesn'tknowthedog'snameD.hecan'tpronouncetheword"sheep"well3.Whatmadetheshoestrangewas______.A.itscolour       B.itssmellC.itssize         D.thatitwasasilkone4.Theword"keep"inthelastsentencemeans"_____"A.keepingthingsforitselfB.bringingthingsforothertokeepC.notlettingitrunaboutD.takingcareofasmallchild5.Wecanknowfromthereadingthatthedog_____.A.likestogivepresentstopeopleB.hasbeenkeptinatthewriter'shomeC.hasbroughtsometroubleD.likestobecalled"thekeepdog"Key:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C75Anoldladyinaplanehadablanket（毯子）overherheadandshedidnotwanttotakeitoff.Theairhostessspoketoher,buttheoldladysaid,“Ihaveneverbeeninaplanebefore,andIamfrightened.Iamgoingtokeepthisblanketovermyheaduntilwearebackonthegroundagain!”Thenthecaptaincame.Hesaid,“Madam,Iamthecaptainofthisplane.Theweatherisfine,therearenocloudsinthesky,andeverythingisgoingverywell.”Butshecontinuedtohide.Sothecaptainturnedandstartedtogoback.Thentheoldladylookedoutfromundertheblanketwithoneeyeandsaid,“Iamsorry,youngman,butIdon’tlikeplanesandIamnevergoingtoflyagain.ButI’llsayonething,”Shecontinuedkindly,“Youandyourwifekeepyourplaneveryclean!”1.Anoldladyhad_________.A.glasses   B.ablanketoverherhead   C.acoat   D.abasket2.A.Shedidn’twantto________.A.takeitoff   B.turnitoff   C.geton   D.talkaboutit3._________spoketoher.A.Theairhostess   B.Themannexttoher   C.herhusband   D.oneofherfriends4.Theoldladyhadneverbeen_________before.\nA.abroad   B.home   C.inaplane   D.inhospital5.Thewomandidn’tlikeplanesandshewasnevergoing________.A.toflyagain   B.totravel   C.togoabroad   D.togohomeKey:1－5BAACA76DicklivedinEngland.OnedayinJanuaryhesaidtohiswife,"I'mgoingtoflytoNewYorknextweekbecauseI'vegotsomeworkthere.""Whereareyougoingtostaythere?"hiswifeasked."Idon'tknowyet."Dickanswered."Pleasesendmeyouraddressfromthereinatelegram(电报),"hiswifesaid."Allright,"Dickanswered.HeflewtoNewYorkonJanuary31standfoundanicehotelinthecenterofthecity.Heputhisthingsinhisroomandthenhesenthiswifeatelegram.Heputtheaddressofhishotelinit.Intheeveninghedidn'thaveanywork,sohewenttoacinema.Hecameoutatnineo'clockandsaid,"NowI'mgoingbacktomyhotelandhaveanicedinner."Hefoundataxi(出租车)andthedriversaid,"Wheredoyouwanttogo?"ButDickdidn'trememberthenameandaddressofhishotel."Whichhotelaremythingsin?"hesaid,"AndwhatamIgoingtodotonight?"Butthedriverofthetaxididnotknow.SoDickgotoutandwentintoapostoffice.Therehesenthiswifeanothertelegram,andinithewrote,"Pleasesendmemyaddressatthispostoffice."Choosetherightanswer1.DickflewtoNewYorkbecause___.A.hewentthereforaholidayB.hehadworkthereC.hewentthereforsightseeing(观光)D.hishomewasthere2.Whydidhiswifewantatelegramfromhim?A.Becauseshedidn'tknowhisaddressyetB.BecauseshewantedtogotoNewYork,tooC.BecauseshemightsendhimanothertelegramD.Becauseshecouldn'tleaveherhusbandbyhimselfinNewYork3.WheredidDickstayinNewYork?A.Inthecenterofthecity.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.D.Athisfriend'shouse.4.Whowouldsendhimthenameandaddressofhishotel?A.Themanager(经理)ofhishotel.B.Thepoliceoffice.C.Thetaxidriver.D.Hiswife.5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Dickstayedatanicehotelinthecenterofthecity.B.Dickdidn'tworkonthefirstnightofhisarrival.C.Dickforgottosendhiswifeatelegram.D.Dickwantedtogobacktohishotelinataxi.Key:1-5BABDC77BobandJimonceworkedinthesamefactory.Oneday,BoblentJimtendollars,butthenJimlefthisworkandwenttoworkinanothertownwithoutpayingbackthemoney.Bobdidn'tseeJimforayear,andthenheknewfromanotherfriendthatJimwasinanothertownandstayingatahotel.Sohewenttheretoseehimlateintheevening.WhenhegottoJim'sroom,hesawhisshoesnearthedoor."Well,hemustbein,"hethought,andknockedagain,andsaid,"Iknowyouarein,Jim.Yourshoesareouthere.""I'vegoneoutinmyboots,"answeredJim.TrueorFalse1.BobandJimonceworkedindifferentfactories.2.OnedayJimborrowedtendollarsfromBob.3.JimpaidbackthemoneytoBobandwenttoworkinanothertownlater.4.Bobhadn'tseenJimforayearwhenhelearnedthatJimwasinanothertown.　\nKey:1-4FTFT78Ithinkthemostterriblethinginlifeformylittlebrotherisgettingupinthemorning.Heisalmostsickwhenmymothercalls,"Herbert!It'sseveno'clock!Getup!"Herbertanswers,"I'mcoming!"andgoesrightbacktosleep.I'mnotatalllikemybrother.Idon'tliketogotobedatnightbutIdon'tmindgettingupinthemorning.Iusuallywakeupbeforemymothercallsme.Ijumpoutofbedandgointothebathroomtotakeashower.Igetdressed,brushmyteeth,combmyhair,andgetreadytogodownstairsforbreakfastassoonasmymothercalls.ButnotHerbert.Hejustsleeps.Amilitaryband(军乐队)inourbedroomcouldnotwakehimup.Icallhimandsay,"Getup!Mumwillbeupheretopullyououtofbedifyoudon'tgetupimmediately!"Buthejustsleeps.AftercallingafewmoretimesmymotherhastocomeupstairsandpullHerbertoutofbed.It'sthatwayeverydaywithmylittlebrother.Perhapssomedayhe'lllearntogetupontime,butIreallydon'tthinkso.TrueorFalse1.Themostterriblethinginlifeformylittlebrotherisgoingtoschool.　2.I'mnotlikemybrotherbecauseIliketogotobedearlyatnightandgetupearlyinthemorning.3.Iusuallyjumpoutofbedandgointothebathroomforashowerbeforemymothercalls.4.Whenmothercalls,Herbertdoesn'tanswerandremainsinbed.5.MymotheroftenhastogoupstairsandpullHerbertoutofbedasherefusestogetup.6.SometimeswehavetosendforamilitarybandtowakeHerbertup.7.ThewriterthinkssomedayHerbertwilllearntogetupontime.Key:1-7.FTTFTFF79InEngland,peopleoftentalkabouttheweatherbecausetheycanexperience(经历)fourseasonsinoneday.Inthemorningtheweatheriswarmjustlikeinspring.Anhourlaterblackcloudscomeandthenitrainshard.Theweathergetsalittlecold.Inthelateafternoontheskywillbesunny,thesunwillbegintoshine,anditwillbesummeratthistimeofaday.InEngland,peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter,orhavewinterinsummer.Soinwintertheycanswimsometimes,andinsummersometimestheyshouldtakewarmclothes.WhenyougotoEngland,youwillseethatsomeEnglishpeopleusuallytakeanumbrella(伞)oraraincoatwiththeminthesunnymorning,butyoushouldnotlaughatthem.Ifyoudon'ttakeanumbrellaoraraincoat,youwillregret(后悔)laterintheday.1.WhydopeopleinEnglandoftentalkabouttheweather?A.BecausetheymayhavefourseasonsinonedayB.Becausetheyoftenhaveverygoodweather\nC.BecausetheweatheriswarmjustlikeinspringD.Becausetheskyissunnyallday2.Fromthestoryweknowthatwhen_________come,thereisaheavyrain.A.sunshineandsnowB.blackcloudsC.summerandwinterD.springandautumn3."Peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter."Means"itissometimestoo______inwinter."A.warmB.coolC.coldD.rainy4.InthesunnymorningsomeEnglishpeopleusuallytakearaincoatoranumbrellawiththembecause________.A.theirfriendsaskthemtodosoB.itoftenrainsinEnglandC.theyaregoingtosellthemD.theyaretheirfavouritethings5.Thebesttitle(标题)forthispassageis________.A.BadSeasonsB.SummerorWinterC.TheWeatherinEnglandD.StrangeEnglishPeopleKEY:ABABC80MrBrownwasgoingawayforaweek.Beforeheleft,hesaidtohisson,"ifanyoneasksforme,youcantellhimthatyourfatherhasbeenoutfordoingsomething,andwillbebackinaweek,thenbesuretoaskhimtositdownforacupoftea.""OK,Dad,"saidhisson.Buthewasafraidhissoncouldn'trememberthis,hewrotethesewordsdownonapieceofpaperandgaveittohim.Hissonputitintohissmallpocket,tookitoutandlookedatiteverynowandthen.Fourdayspassed,butnoonecametoseehisfather.Theboythoughtthattherewasnomantocomeandthatthepieceofpaperwasofnomoreuseforhim,soheburntitthatevening.Thenextafternoon,someoneknockedatthedoor.Theboyopenedit.Amanwasstandingatthedoorandsaid,"Whereisyourfather?"Theboyputhishandintohispocketatonceandlookedforthepieceofpaper.Hecouldnotfindit.Hesuddenlyrememberedhehadburntit,soheshouted,"Nomore."Themanwasverysurprised.Heasked,"Nomore?Imetyourfatherlastweek.Whendidithappen?""Burntyesterdayevening."1.MrBrowntoldhissonthat_____.A.hewouldbeawayfromhomeforfourdaysB.hewouldbebackinsevendaysC.hewouldbebackinamonthD.helikedacupoftea2.MrBrownwrotethewordsdownon________.A.thewallB.thedoorC.apieceofpaperD.hisson'spocket3.Amancametovisittheboy'sfatheron________.A.theseconddayB.thethirddayC.thefourthdayD.thefifthday4.Themanwasverysurprisedbecause_________.A.hethoughtthechild'sfatherwasdeadB.thechilddidn'taskhimtositdownC.thechildgavehimacupofteaD.hecouldn'tfindthatpieceofpaper5.Whatwasburnt?___________.A.ThepieceofpaperB.MrSmithC.ThevisitorD.TheboyKEY:BCDAA81Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1."What'sthematter？""Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…"2."Ifeelsotiredthesedays.""Ithinkyou'dbetter…"3."Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…"\nYoucanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.So"guessing"isveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.1.Thispassagetellsusmainlyabout_________.A.theimportanceof"guessing"inlearningaforeignlanguageB.howtoguesswhatoneisgoingtotalkaboutC.someexamplesofrightguessingD.howimportantitistoguessallthetime2.fromthecontext,wecanseemaybethefinishedanswerinEXAMPLEIis_________.A."…soIdidn'thaveagoodtime."   B."…soIwenttobedverylate."C."….SoIfeltunhappy."             D."…soIgotupveryearly."3.MaybethefinishedanswerinEXAMPLE2is________.A."Ithinkyou'dbetterhaveagoodrestandtakegoodcareofyourself."B."Ithinkyou'dbetterhavesomethingtodrink."C."Ithinkyou'dbettergetsomehelpfromyourfriends."D."Ithinkyou'dbetterbemorecareful."4.MaybethefinishedanswerinEXAMPLE3is______.A."…sheisoneofthemostfamousfilmstars."B."…sheisoneofthemostbeautifulwomen."C."…sheisoneofthemostfamousspeakers."D."..sheisoneofthemosttalkativewomen."5.Fromthepassagewecaninfer(推断)thatguessingis_______inlearningaforeignlanguage.A.theonlywayB.moreimportantinspokenEnglishthaninwrittenEnglishC.moreimportantthananyotherwayD.moreimportantinwrittenEnglishthaninspokenEnglishKEY:ABADB82UncleLiandUncleWangaregoodfriends.Theylivenexttoeachotherandtheirfarmsarebothatthefootofthemountain.Sotheycanhelpeachother.Butneitherofthemlikestousehishead.They'rebothpoorthoughtheyworkhard.Mostvillagershavebuiltnewhouses,buttheystillliveinthelowandbrokenhouses.Theyneverfindoutwhy.OnceUncleLiwenttotowntobuysomemedicineforhiswife.Inthetownheheardtheapplesinacitywereexpensive.HetoldUncleWangaboutitassoonashewentback.Theydecidedtocarrysomeapplestothecity.Theyborrowedsomemoneyfromtheirfriendsandboughtnearly1,000kilogramsofapplesinthevillagesandcarriedthemtothecityonatractor.Badluck!Alotofappleshasalreadybeencarriedtherewhentheyarrived.Afewdayslatertheyhadtosellthematalowprice(价格)。Theyfeltunhappyandreturnedtotheirvillage."Ican'tunderstandwhywesustained(蒙受)lossesinbusinesswhileothersalwaysprofit(盈利)"UncleLiaskedoneday."Thetractorwastoosmall"UncleWangsaidwithoutthinking."We'llcarrymoreapplesonatrucknexttime!""Iagree!"saidUncleLi."Howfoolish(傻的)wewere!"1.UncleLiandUncleWangliveinthelowandbrokenhousesbecause__________.A.theyhopetosavemoneyB.they'rebothpoorC.theirfarmsareatthefootofthemountainD.they'renotfarfromtheirfarms2.Thetwofarmerscarriedtheapplestothecityto_________.A.makeajourney          B.visitsomeplacesofinterestC.meettheirfriends      D.makeaprofit3.thetowfarmershadtoselltheirapplesatalowpricebecause________.A.theirsweren'tasgoodastheothers'B.theirsweremuchlessthantheothers'C.alotofappleshadbeenalreadycarriedtothecityD.theyforgottocarrythemonatruck4.UncleLiandUncleWangwereunhappybecause_________.A.theyhadsustainedlossesinbusinessB.theyhadlostsomemoneyinthecityC.somethingwaswrongwiththetractorD.otherpeopleprofitedinthecity5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thetwofarmersfoundoutwhytheywerepoor.B.Thetwofarmerswillsoongetrich.C.Neitherofthefarmersisclever.D.Thetwofarmersdecidedtobuyatruck.KEY:BDCAC\n83OnChristmasEve─thenightbeforeChristmasDay─childrenalloverBritainputastockingattheendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.TheirparentsusuallytellthemthatFatherChristmaswillcomeduringthenight.FatherChristmasisverykindandhearted.Hegetstothetopofeachhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefireplace.HefillseachofthestockingswithChristmaspresents.Ofcourse,FatherChristmasisn'treal.InJimandKate'shouse,"FatherChristmas"isreallyMrGreen.MrGreendoesn'tclimbdownthechimney.Hewaitsuntilthechildrenareasleep.Thenhequietlygoesintotheirbedroomsandfillstheirstockingswithsmallpresents.Whentheywereveryyoung,MrGreensometimesworearedcoat.Buthedoesn'tdothatnow.Thechildrenarenolongeryoung,andtheyknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.Buttheystillputtheirstockingsattheendoftheirbeds.1.ChristmasEveis__________.A.thenightofChristmasDay  B.theeveningofChristmasDayC.ChristmasDay               D.thenightbeforeChristmasDay2.FatherChristmasoftenputspresents________.A.intochildren'shats        B.intochildren'sstockingsC.underchildren'sbeds       D.intochildren'sshoes3.Whenthechildrenwereveryyoung,__________.A.theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmaswasB.theyknewthatFatherChristmaswasn'trealC.theythoughttheirfatherwasFatherChristmasD.theyknewwhoputthepresentsintotheirstockings4.Whenthechildrenareolder,they__________.A.knowthatFatherChristmasisrealB.asktheirmothertofilltheirstockingswithpresentsC.knowthatFatherChristmasisreallytheirfatherD.knowthatFatherChristmasisreallytheirfriend5.FatherChristmascomesintothehousethroughthe________.A.chimney   B.backdoor   C.frontdoor   D.window.KEY:DBACA84Tofindoutwhetherbees（蜜蜂）canseecolours,thefollowingexperimentismade.Aroundtableisputinagarden,andonthetableisapieceofbluecardboard（硬纸版）withadropofsyrup（糖浆）onit.Afterashorttime,beescometothesyrup.Thebeesthenflytotheirhive（蜂房）andgivethesyruptootherbeesinthehive.Thentheyreturntothefeeding-placewhichtheyhavefound.Afterawhile,thebluecardboardwiththesyruponitistakenaway.Insteadofthiscard,abluecardisnowputontheleftsideofthefirstfeeding-placeandaredcardtoitsright.Thesenewcardshavenosyruponthem.Verysoonbeesarriveagain,andflystraighttothebluecard.Nonegototheredcard.Picture11.Howmanycardsdoyouneedtopreparefortheexperiment?A.Two:oneblueandoneredB.Three:twoblueandoneredC.Three:oneblueandtworedD.Four:twoblueandtwored2.IfPicture1belowshowsthetabletopduringStep1oftheexperiment,whichofA,B,C,DinPicture2showsthetabletopduringStep2?Picture23.DuringStep2oftheexperiment,thebeesgoto________.A.thebluecardwithsyruponitB.thenewbluecardwithnosyruponitC.theemptyspacewheretheoriginal（原先的）bluecardwasD.thenewbluecardwithsyruponitontheleftoftheredcard4.Theexperimenthasproved（证明）thatbees________.A.cannotseecolors       B.canseecolors\nC.cannotseeblue        D.cannotseered5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeesLoveBlue          B.BeesLoveSyrupC.Bees,ColorandSyrup   D.CanBeesSeeColor?Keys:1－5BCBBD 85Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecast（预报）theweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere（大气）,becausethisiswheretheweatherforms（形成）.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists（气象学家）canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchange.Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivenewpictures,themeteorologistscompare（比较）themwithearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaythis.Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,thescientistscouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforthreeorfivedays.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead（提前）.1.Satellitestravel_____________.A.inspace              B.intheatmosphereC.abovetheground      D.abovespace2.Whydoweusetheweathersatellitestotakepicturesoftheatmosphere?Because__________.A.theweathersatellitescandoiteasilyB.cloudsformthereC.theweatherformsthereD.thepicturescanforecasttheweather3.Meteorologistsforecasttheweather__________.A.whentheyhavereceivedsatellitepicturesB.aftertheyhavecomparednewsatellitepictureswithearlieronesC.beforetheyreceivedsatellitepicturesD.duringtheystudysatellitepictures4.Maybewe’llsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor________.A.oneday               B.twodaysC.fivedays             D.sevendaysorevenlonger5.Themain（主要的）ideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin_________.A.takingpicturesoftheatmosphereB.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphereC.doingotherworkinmanywaysD.weatherforecastingKeys:1-5ACBDD86Inalmosteverybiguniversity（大学）intheUnitedStates,footballisafavouritesport.Americanfootballisdifferent.Playerssometimeskicktheball,buttheyalsothrowtheballandrunwithit.Theytrytotakeittotheotherendofthefield.Theyhavefourchances（机会）tomovetheballtenyards（码）.Theycancarryitortheycanthrowit.Iftheymovetheballtenyards,theycantrytomoveitanothertenyards.Iftheymoveittotheendofthefield,theyreceivesixpoints（点.Itisdifficulttomovetheball.Elevenmenontheotherteamtrytostopthemanwiththeball.Ifhedoesnotmovetheballtenyards,histeamkickstheballtheotherteam.Eachuniversitywantsitsownteamtowin.Manythousandsofpeoplecometowatch.Theyallshoutfortheirfavouriteteam.Youngmenandwomencomeonthefieldtohelpthepeopleshoutmore.Theydanceandjumpwhiletheyshout.Eachteamplaystenorelevengameseachseason.TheseasonbeginsinSeptemberandendsinNovember.Ifateamisverygood,itmayplayanothergameaftertheseasonends.ThebestteamsplayagainonJanuary1,thefirstdayoftheNewYear.ManypeoplegotoseethesegamesandmanyotherswatchthemonTV.1.Thepassagetalksabout___________.A.football            B.howtoplayfootballC.Americansports     D.Americanfootball2.Wecan_______thefootballinbothAmericanfootballandChinesefootball.A.kick   B.throw   C.runwith   D.catch3.Whyisitdifficulttomovetheball?Because___________.A.tenyardsisalongway\nB.manymenontheotherteamtrynottolettheballcomenearC.theplayingfieldisverylargeD.elevenmenhavetocatchtheballonebyone4.Ifthey_________,theteamswillplayonJanuary1.A.receivesixpointsB.playelevengamesintheseasonC.arethebestteamsD.movetheballtotheendofthefield5.Manypeoplecometowatchfootballandtheywanttheirteamtowin.Whichofthefollowingisnottheiract?A.Jumping   B.Dancing   C.Crying   D.ShoutingKeys:1-5DABCC87“Whohasmorequestions,ateacherorastudent?”Aboutthisquestionagreatlearnedmantoldhisstudentthatnobodydoesbutateacher.Thestudentgotpuzzled.Withasmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles（圆）.Within（在……里面）thelargeroneismyknowledgeofthings,andwithinthesmalleroneisyours.Outofthecirclesisstillunknowntobothofus.Sincemineislarger,asyoucansee,thelinethatmarksoutthecircleislonger.Thatmakesitclearthatwhohasmorechances（机会）tofacesomethingstillunknown.1.Thegreatlearnedmanbelievedthat________.A.ateacherhasmorequestionsB.astudenthasmorequestionsC.bothateacherandastudenthavequestionsD.everyone,exceptateacher,hasmorequestions2.Thestudentthoughtthat________.A.astudent’sknowledgeislessthanhisteacher’sbecauseitcomesfromtheteacherB.ateachercannotnecessarilyanswerallthequestionshisstudentsaskC.thosewhohavelessknowledgehavemorequestionsD.anyonewholearnsmorehasmorequestions3.Attheendofthestory,thegreatlearnedmanconcluded（推断）that________.A.astudentshouldlearnfromhisteacherB.ateacherdoesnothavesomanyquestionsashisstudentC.astudentknowsmorethanhisteacherD.ateacherhasmorechancestofacewhathedoesn’tknow4.WhichofthefollowingtopicscanNOTexpresstheideaofthestory?A.YouWillNeverLearnEnoughB.ATeacherandHisStudentC.ThereIsNoLimittoKnowledgeD.OneIsNeverTooOldtoLearn5.Wecanoftenfindsuchanarticlein________.A.thePalaceMuseum          B.anybookC.anewspaperofmagazine    D.Anencyclopedia（百科全书）Keys:1－5ACDBA88Snowfellonthemountain.Itsnowedandsnowed.Thesnowdidnotmelt（融化）.Itbecamedeepandheavy.Thesnowonthebottompressed（挤压）together.,itbecameice.Theicewasverywideandthick.Itbegantomovedownthemountain.Itwaslikeariverofice.Itwasaglacier（冰河）.Sometimestheglaciermovedonlyafewinches（英寸）eachday.Asitmoved,ittookrocksanddirtwithit.Itchangedtheland.Insomeplaces,itlefthills.Insomeplaces,whentheglaciermelted,itmaderiversandlakes.Amillionyearsago,thereweremanybigglaciers.Glacierscoveredmanypartsoftheworld.Theglacierschangedtheland.Glaciersarestillatworktoday.AglacierinthenorthofCanadaiscuttinganewpath（路）downthesideofamountain.Thisglacierwillchangetheland,too.1.ThesnowthatfellonthemountainA.becamesnowman   B.melted   C.becameice   D.turnedtorain2.Thewordinthestorythatmeansariveroficeis__________.\n3.Thestorysays,“Thesnowdidnotmelt.Itbecamedeepandheavy”.Theworditmeans____.4.Whichofthefollowingdoesthisstoryleadyoutobelieve?A.TherearenotasmanyglaciersasthereusedtobeB.Glaciersdonotchangethelandastheymoveoverit.C.Glaciersarefoundonlyinwarmplaces.5.Howfastdidtheglaciermove?(Whichsentenceisexactlyliketheoneinyourbook?)A.Sometimestheglaciermovedonlyonceayear.B.Sometimestheglaciermovedovertenmileseachday.C.Sometimestheglaciermovedonlyafewincheseachday.6.Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat_______.A.snowisheavy        B.thehighlandneverchangesC.glacierschangedthelandKey:1.C 2.glacier 3.snow 3.A 4.C 5.C89Longago,peopleinRome（罗马）talkedtooneanotherinLatin（拉丁文）.PupilsinschoollearnedtoreadandwriteinLatin.BooksareinLatin.SomeRomans（罗马人）wenttootherpartsoftheworld.Theytooktheirlanguagewiththem.SoonLatinwasusedinmanycountries.Itbecameaworldlanguage.PeopleinothercountriesdidnottalkinLatinthesameway.Ineachland,theychangedthelanguagealittle.Astimewentby,theymademorechanges.AtlasttheydidnottalkinLatinanymore.Newlanguageshadcomefromtheoldone.PeopledonottalktooneanotherinLatintoday.ButtheystillusemanyLatinwords.Youdo,too.Street,wall,city,andsaltaresomeoftheLatinwordsweuse.Youareapupilinschool.PupilisaLatinword.Itmeans“littledoll”.1.Latinwasusedbypeoplein_____.A.Rome   B.theUnitedStates   C.Greece(希腊)   D.Texas2.Thewordinthestorythatmeanswhatpeoplespeakandwriteis______3.Thestorysays,“PeopledonottalktoeachotherinLatintoday.ButtheystillusemanyLatinwords,”Thewordtheymeans________.4.Whichofthefollowingdoesthisstoryleadyoutobelieve?A.Itisnotgoodtochangealanguage.B.Pupilsinschoolstodayplaywithdolls.C.NotmanypeoplecanreadLatintoday.5.WhathappenedtoLatinwhenitwastakentoothercountries?(whichsentenceisexactlyliketheoneinyourbook?)A.Ineachland,peopletalkedabouteachother.B.Ineachland,theychangedthelanguagealittleC.Ineachland,thechildrenhadtospeaksomeLatin.6.Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat________.A.RomansdidnotliketostayhomeB.peopleinoldRometalkedalottoeachother.C.Latinchangedasitmovedfromlandtoland.Key:1.A 2.language 3.people 4.C 5.B 6.C90ALegWalkingRightHerearesomesigns+-x…,thesignsareverydifferent.Theymeanverydifferentthings.Whenyouseethem,youknowwhattodo.Thissign+meansthatyouwilladdsomenumerals.Thissign—meansthatyouwilltakeonenumeralawayfromanother.Youwillsubtract（减去）.Whatwillyoudowhenyouseexand…?Oursignsareeasytoread.Theyareeasysignstoremember.Lookatthesetwosigns….TheancientEgyptiansusedthesesigns.Apictureofalegwalkingtothe\nlefttoldthemtoaddsomenumerals.Apictureofalegwalkingtotherighttoldthemtosubtract.Inthe1500speopleusedthisprinted（印刷的）sign&toaddnumerals.Afterawhilethesignbegantolooklikethis….Later,thesignbecame+.Howmuchis2…2?1.Whatdoyoudowhenyouseethissign+?A.Walkaway   B.Writeanumeral   C.Readasign   D.Add2.Thewordinthestorythatmeanstotakeonenumeralawayfromanotheris_____.3.Thestorysays,“Oursignsareeasytoread.Theyareeasysignstoremember”.Thewordtheymeans______.4.Whichofthefollowingdoesthisstoryleadtobelieve?A.EgyptianscouldnotaddnumeralstogetherB.AllEgyptianshadtwoleftlegs.C.Oursignsarenothardtounderstand5.Whatdidthesigntoaddnumeralsbegintolooklike(whichsentenceisexactlyliketheoneinyourbook)?A.Afterawhile,thesignbegantolooklikethis….B.Afterawhile,thesignbegantolooklikethis+.C.Afterawhile,thesignbegantolooklikethis&.6.Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat______.A.thesignsforaddingandsubtractinghavechanged.B.Peoplecouldnotwriteinthe1500sC.theoldsignsweregoodforEgyptiansbutnotforusKey:1.D2.substract3.signs4.C5.A6.A91Mexico'sneighboursaretheUnitedStatestothenorthandGuatemalaandBelizetothesouth.MexicoisaboutonequarterofthesizeoftheUnitedStates.Mexicohasmorethanninetymillionpeople.ThelanguageofMexicoisSpanish.ThismakesMexicotheworld'slargestSpanish-speakingcountry.MexicoCityisthecapitalandlargestcityofMexico.Thecityisalsoveryhigh.Itis7349feethigh(2240metres).Thismakesitoneofthehighestcapitalcitiesintheworld.Thepopulation,ofMexicoCitygrowsbiggereveryday.Aboutthirtymillionpeoplelivethere.Ithasmorepeoplethananyothercityintheworld,evenmorethanTokyo.Mexicoalsohasitsspecialities.ManyofthefoodsweeatstartedinMexico.Foodslikebeans,maize,avocados,tomatoes,peanuts,chilipeppers,vanilla,andchocolatecomefromMexico.Mexicoisalsofamousforitscactus(仙人掌)plants.Mexicohasmorekindsofcactusthananyothercountry.(Words:161Minutes:3)1.Mexicois____theUSA.A.onthesouthof        B.onthenorthofC.apartof              D.aslargeas2.Mexicansspeak______.A.English                C.FrenchB.Spanish                D.Latin(拉丁语)3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.MexicoCityisthecapitalofMexico.B.ThepopulationofMexicoCityis30,000,000.C.Tokyoisoneofthecitieswiththelargestpopulation.D.MexicoCityisthehighestcityintheworld.4.Tomatoeswereoriginally(最初)grownin______.A.America   B.Spain   C.Tokyo   D.Mexico5.Thebesttitle(题目)ofthepassageis___.A.MexicoCity        B.Mexico'splantsC.Mexico             D.Mexico'spopulation[Key]1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C92ATriptotheForest\nOnedayBobtooktwoofhisfriendsin-tothemountains.Theyputuptheirtents(帐篷)andthenrodeofftoaforesttoseehowthetreesweregrowing.Intheafternoonwhentheywereabouttenkilometresfromtheircamp(营地),itstart-edtosnow.Moreandmoresnowfell.SoonBobcouldhardlyseehishandsbeforehisface.Hecouldnotfindtheroad.Bobknewthereweretworoads.Oneroadwenttothecamp,andtheotherwenttohishouse.Butallwaswhitesnow.Everythingwasthesame.Howcouldhetakehisfriendsbacktothecamp?Bobhadanidea.Thehorses!Letthehorsestakethemback!Butwhatwouldhap-penifthehorsestooktheroadtohishouse?Thatwouldbeatripofthirty-fivekilometresinsuchcoldweather!Itwasgettinglate.Theyrodeonandon.Atlastthehorsesstopped.Wherewerethey?Noneofthemcouldtell.Johnlookedaround.Whatwasthatunderthetree?Itwasoneoftheirtents!1.Johnandhistwofriendswenttotheforestto____.A.buildtheircampB.findtheirwayhomeC.enjoythemountainsinthesnowD.watchthetreesintheforest2.Theycouldnotfindtheirwaybackbe-cause____.A.therewasonlyoneroadtotheircampB.theycouldn'tdecidewhichofthetworoadsledtotheirtentsC.therewerenoroadsinthemountainsatallD.everythingwascoveredbythewhitesnow3.Itisclearthattheywantedthehorsestotakethemto____.A.John'shouse       B.thecampC.theforest         D.themountains4.Thehorsesstoppedbecause____.A.itwasgettinglateB.theyweretiredafterrunningforalongwayC.theyknewthattheyhadgottothecampD.theyhadseenJohn'shouse5.Thestoryhappened____.A.onacoldwinterdayB.onadarksnowyeveningC.inacoldcampfarfromvillagesD.atnightwhennothingcouldbeseen[Key]1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A93Twofarmerswereontheirwayhomeoneeveningafterahardday'swork.Bothweretired.Theyhappenedtolookupattheskyandsawablackcloudoverhead."Ah!"saidonefarmer,"tomorrowweshallhaverainandthericewillgrowwell."Thesecondanswered,"Nonsense(胡说),therainwillonlykillthecrops(庄稼)."Sotheybegantoquarrel(争吵).Justthenathirdfarmercamealongandaskedthemwhytheywerequarreling.Bothfarmersexplainedabouttheblackcloud."Whatcloud?"askedthethirdfarmer.Theyalllookedatthesky.Thecloudwasnolongerthere.Choosetherightanswer1.Thetwofarmerswere_____.A.goinghomeB.goingtothefieldC.goingtoworkD.goingtoseetheirfriend2.Thetwofarmers_____onthatday.A.hadaholidayB.didn'tworkC.workedhardD.wantedtoquarrelwitheachother3.Whenthereareblackblockcloudsinthesky,_____.A.itwillrainsoonB.itwillbefineC.itwillgethotD.thesunisshiningbrightly4.Thetwofarmersfoughtinwordsbecause_____.A.theywerehungryB.itrainedC.onesaidtherainwoulddogoodtothecropsandtheotherdidn'tthinksoD.theybothhopedforrain5.Thethirdfarmercamewithandsaidtotheothertwo.He_____.A.wantedtomakefriendswiththemB.joinedtheminthequarrelC.wantedtoknowwhytheywerequarrelingD.hadnothingstodo6.Howmanyfarmerssaidthattherainwouldbehelpful?_____.\nA.None   B.One   C.Two   D.ThreeKeys:ACACCB94Rentingacolortelevisionmakesmoresensethanbuying.Here’swhy:1.Thelongeryourent(租),thelessyoupay.Eachyearthemonthlyrateisreduced.Youcanreachalowrateofnotmuchmorethan$12aweek.2.Serviceisfastandfree.Wecanhaveyoursetinstalled(安装)intwodays.Ifanythinggoeswrong,we’llhaveitfixedthesamedayorlendyouanothersetwhilewe’remendingit.Anddon’tforget:serviceandsparepartsarefree!3.Ifyoudon’thaveanaerial(天线),we’llinstalloneforyou,andthatwillbefree,too.Allyouhavetopayistheinstallationcharge(安装费)!4.Youcanchoosefromallkindsofmodels,andwhat’smore,ifafteracertainperiodoftime,andyouwouldlikeanewmodel,youcanchange.How’sthatforservice?5.Nodeposit(押金)isneeded.Youpayonlythemonthlyrentalfee.Butifyoupayinadvance,youcansavemoney.Paytwelvemonths’feeswhenyoubegintohire,andwe’llgiveyouamonth’shirewithoutcharge.6.Ifyoudecidethatyouwanttostoprentingandbuythesetyouhaveonhire,thiscanbearranged—withagenerousallowance(折扣)forthefeesalreadypaid.1.Fromthepassageweknow_______________________.A.themoreyourent,thelessyoupayB.thelowestweeklyrentalfeeismuchmorethan$12C.thelongeryourent,thelessyoupayD.ifyourentaTVsetforalongtime,serviceandsparepartswillbefree2.Whatisthegoodofpayingtwelvemonths’feeswhenyoubegintohire?A.Oneandahalfmonths’hirefreeofcharge.B.Onemonth’shirefreeofcharge.C.Halfamonth’shirefreeofcharge.D.One-fourthofamonth’shirefreeofcharge.3.Whatdoes“payinadvance”mean?A.Youpaytherentforaperiodoftimebeforeyouactuallygetthetelevision.B.Yougoaheadandpaytherent.C.Youpaytherentinfrontofanyone.D.Youwillbethefirsttopaytherent.4.Ifyouwanttorentacolortelevision,____________________.A.leasingcompany(租赁公司)canhaveyoursetinstalledthesamedayB.youcanhaveachoiceofsetstorentC.leasingcompanywillinstallanaerialforyoufreeofchargeD.youmusthaveanaerial5.Thispassageisa(an)_______________________.A.bookB.reportC.advertisementD.picture Key:1-5CBABC 95Wehaveknownforalongtimethatflowersofdifferentplantsopenandcloseatdifferenttimeofday.Thisissofamiliarthatthereseemstobenoneedtoaskthereasonforit.Yetnoonereallyunderstandswhyflowersopenandcloselikethisatparticulartimes.Theprocess(过程)isnotassimpleaswemightthink,asrecentexperimentshaveshown.Inonestudy,flowerswerekeptinconstant(连续的)darkness.Wemightexpectthattheflowers,withoutanyinformationaboutthetimeofday,didnotopenastheynormallydo.Infact,theycontinuedtoopenattheirusualtime.Thissuggeststhattheyhavesomemysterious(神秘的)wayofknowingthetime.Theirsenseoftimedoesnotdependoninformationfromtheoutsideworld;itis,sotospeak,insidethem,akindof“innerclock”.Thisdiscovery(发现)maynotseemtobeveryimportant.However,itwaslaterfoundthatnotjustplantsbutalsoanimals—includingman—havethis“innerclock”whichcontrolstheworkingoftheirbodiesandinfluences(影响)theiractivities.Men,then,arealsoinfluencedbythismysteriouspower.Whetherwewishitornot,itaffectssuchthingsinourlifeasourneedforsleep,ourneedforfood.Inthepast,thisdidnotmatterverymuchbecausepeoplelivedinnaturalcondition.Inthemodernworld,thingsaredifferent;nowtherearespacemen,airplanepilotsand,inordinarylife,alotofpeoplewhohavetoworkatnight.Itwouldbeveryuseful,then,toknowmoreaboutthe“innerclock”.Suchordinarythingsasflowersmighthelpusunderstandmoreaboutourselves.1.Arecentexperimentshowedthat________________.A.differentflowersopenandcloseatdifferenttimesofdayB.fortheiropeningandclosing,flowersdonotneedinformationfromtheoutsideworldC.flowersareinfluencedbyweaklightevenwhentheyareinadarkroomD.flowerscanbeusedfortellingthetime2.The“innerclock”_________________________.A.isanunimportantdiscoveryB.isonlyfoundinanimalsC.hasnotbeenunderstoodbyfarD.hasaneffectonhumanlife3.Furtherstudyofthe“innerclock”willbeusefulbecause________________.A.itmighthelpusinsomewayB.wedonotyetunderstandplantsandanimalswellenoughC.thenumberofspacemenandairplanepilotsisfastincreasing\nD.weshouldtrytolivemorenaturallythanwedonow4.Keptinconstantdarkness,flowers________________________.A.willnotopenorcloseasusualB.willnotopenanylongerC.willopenastheydoinnaturalconditionsD.willalwaysremaininfullblossom(开花)5.________________haveamysteriouspowerofknowingtimewithoutinformationfromtheoutsideworld.A.AnimalsincludingmanaswellasplantsB.AlllivingthingsexceptmanC.FlowersaretheonlythingsintheworldthatD.NeitheranimalsnorplantsKey:1-5BDACA96.Intheolddays,inLondon,thesmog(烟雾)wasverythick.Carandbusdrivers___________todriveveryslowly:theycould___________seetheroadinfrontofthemevenduringthedaytime.Peopledidnotlikegoingoutinthesmog.Iftheyhadtogoout,they_____________“smogmask(防雾面具)”overtheirfaces.InDecember1952,avery________darkcloudcamedownoverLondon.Itwasthe________smogLondonershadeverhad._________ofitwasbadfactorysmoke.Nearlyfiftypeoplediedinroadaccidents.Butmanymorepeoplebecameunhealthy(nothealthy).Thesmogwasvery_________foroldpeopleandchildren.Onemansaid,“Thestreetswerealmost____________becausepeoplestayedathomeasmuchas__________.Theairwasverythick,andyoucouldalmostcutitwithaknife.”Afterthreeweeks,thesmogbeganto___________.Butinthefollowingweeksandmonthsover4,000peoplediedasaresultofthesmog.(had,hardly,wore,thick,worst,Most/Much,dangerous,empty,possible,lift)97.Thereareafewdifferentr_____(1)whypeopleusesmalltalk.Thefirst,andmostobvious,istobreakanuncomfortables____(2).Anotherreason,however,issimplytokillt____(3).Thatiswhyitissocommontomakesmalltalkwhenyouarew____(4)forsomething.Somepeoplemakesmalltalkinordertobep____(5).Youmaynotfeell_____(6)chattingwithanyoneataparty,butitisr____(7)tojustsitinacornerbyyourself.Aftersomeonei____(8)youtoanotherperson,youdonotknowanythingaboutthem,soinordertoshowapolitei____(9)ingettingtoknowthembetter,youhavetostartwithsomesmalltalk.AndrememberinanEnglish-speakingenvironmentitisoftenb____(10)tomakeafewmistakesthantosaynothingatall!\n(reasons;silence;time;waiting;polite;like;rude;introduce;intention;better)9898Knowingaboutyourselfmeansnotonlythatyoufindwhatyouaregoodatandwhatyoulike,italsomeansdiscoveringwhatyouarenotgoodatandwhatyoudon’tlike.Bothhelpyoutoseeyouraiminlife.Althoughmoststudentswouldbeunhappyiftheyfoundthattheyhadfailedanadvancedmathcourse,theyhaveactuallylearnedagreatdealaboutthemselves.Theyknowtheyshouldnotbecomeengineersorphysicalscientist,andthattheyshouldnotbegoodataccountingwork.Sofailingcanhelpastudenttoleadamuchhappierlifeheorshedrawstherightconclusionfromthefailing.Theymaythendecideontheiraimandchoosethekindofworktheywouldliketodo.Itisimpossibletodecidewhetherornotyoulikesomethinguntilyouhavetriedit.Ifyoudecidethatyouwouldliketoplaytheviolin,youneedtotakemorethanonelessonbeforeyoucanknowwhetheryouhaveanyinterestorability.It’snotenoughtowanttobeaviolinist.Youalsohavetolikethehardandlongtrainingbeforeyoubecomeone.Ifyouwouldenjoybeingagreatviolinistbuthatethework,forgetit.It’sagoodplantotryasmanyaspossiblewhenyouarestillyoung.Andthenyouwillcometoawisedecision.1.Ifyousayyoureallyknowyourself,_________________.A.youknowwhatyouaregoodat.B.youhavegotthewholepictureofyourself.C.youkeepinmindyouraiminlife.D.youhavelessyoudon’tlikethanwhatyoulike.2.Thewritersuggests____________________.A.failureisabettermirrorB.advancedmathcourseshelpyoutoknowyourselves.C.successismorehelpful.D.whenoneisunhappyhegetstoknowhimselfbetter.3.Failingcanturnintosomethinggood___________________.\nA.ifyouhaveaiminlifeandgetthejobyouwishtohaveB.ifyouleadahappierlifeC.ifyourdecisionisrightD.ifyoulearnsomethingfromit4.Theexampleof“playingtheviolin”inParagraph3and4impliesthat_________________.A.ifyoudon’tlikemusic,don’tpracticetheviolinB.ittakesmorethanonelessontolearntoplaytheviolin.C.youcandecideonlyafteryouhavetried.D.youcanbecomeagreatviolinistonlyafterhardandlongtraining.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Youhaveenoughtimebeforeyoucometoawisedecision.B.Themoreexperiences,thebetterdecisionyouwillhave.C.Testideas,compareandthendecide.D.Peoplealwaysmakehastydecisions.答案：B,A,D,C,D99InBritainyouareallowedtodriveacarwhenyouareseventeen.Youhavetogetaspecialtwo-yeardrivinglicensebeforeyoucanstart.Whenyouarelearning,someonewithafulllicensealwayshastobeinthecarwithyoubecauseyouaren’tallowedtodrivethecarontheroadalone.Youdon’thavetogotoadrivingschool–---afriendcanteachyou.Thepersonwithyouisn’tallowedtotakethemoneyforthelessonunlesshe’sgotateacher’slicense.Beforeyouareallowedtohaveafulllicense,youhavetotakeadrivingtest.Youcantakeatestinyourowncar,butithastobefitfortheroad.Inthetestyouhavetodriveroundforabouthalfanhourandthenanswerafewquestions.Ifyoudon’tpassthetest,youareallowedtotakeitagainafewweekslaterifyouwantto.In1970awomanpassedherfortiethtestafter212drivinglessons.Whenyou’vepassedyourtest,youdon’thavetotakeitagain,andyouareallowedtogoondrivingaslongasyoulike.Britain’soldestdriverwasamanwhodrovein1974attheageof100.Before1904everyonewasallowedtodrive,evenchildren.Thenfrom1904cardrivershadtohavealicense.Buttheydidn’thavetotakeatestuntil1935.Ontheearlydaysofcardriving,before1878,carsweren’tallowedtogofasterthanfourmilesanhour,andsomeonehadtoleadthecarwitharedflag.()1.Whichofthefollowingisnotnecessaryforayoungmanwhowantstodriveacaralone?A.Heshouldreachtheageof17.B.Heshouldgetaspecialtwo-yeardrivinglicense.\nC.Heshouldlearntodriveinadrivingschool.D.Heshouldpassadrivingtesttogetafulllicense()2.Apersoncan’ttakemoneyfordrivinglessonsunlesshe________.A.haslearnttodriveinadrivingschool.B.hasafulldrivinglicense.C.hasafulllicenseandateacher’slicense.D.isgivenaspecialtwo-yeardrivinglicense()3.Inthedrivingtest,one_____________.A.mustn’tdrivehiscar,eventhoughthecarisfitfortheroad.B.isusuallyaskedtodriveonroadsforsometime.C.hastobeexaminedonlyincardrivingskillsD.mustdriveroundformorethananhour()4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Thereisnolimittotheageofamanwhodrivesacar.B.Onecantakeadrivingtestagainandagainuntilhepassesit.C.Therewasaspeedlimittocarsbefore1878D.Acardriverdidn’thavetogetalimitlicenseuntil1935.()5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______________.A.DrivinglicensesinBritain.B.TestsforBritainpeople.C.Drivingcars.D.YoungMen’sdrivinglicenses答案：C,C,B,D,A98TodayisAprilFools'Day,sowecouldcheatourEnglishteacher-MissZhang.Weeraseredthelessons'names,andc_____Englishintophysics.WhenMissZhangcameintothec_____,allofuspretendedtobetakenbyabigs_____,andsaidtoher.“MissZhang,pleaselookattheschooltimetable.It'stimeforphysics,notforEnglish.”Afterh_____thesewords,shereallyb_____us.Shesaid,“I'msorry,boysandgirls.It'smyfault.”Andshewasg_____outoftheclassroom.Whenwesawthis,wealll_____.Oh,MissZhangknewwhathadhappened.Shecamebackandlaughed,too.Thenshetookalotofp_____ofpaperoutofherbagandsaid,“Today,let'shaveanexam.”“Wewereallshocked.ButMissZhangb_____tolaughagain.“Ladiesandgentlemen,it'sAprilFools'Day”\n(changedclassroomsecrethearingbelivedgonelaughedpagesbegan)