初中英语语法教案1 68页

春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用名词（一）概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：人的名字LiMing,Tom地方名称China,London职业称呼teacher,doctor物品名称pencil,dictionary行为名称study,invention抽象概念history,grammar（二）普通名词和专有名词1．普通名词凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型：1）个体名词个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如：Hehastwoaunts.他有两个姑姑。Mostclassroomshavecomputers.多数教室里都有电脑。也可指抽象东西，例如：We’velivedherefortwentyyears.我们在这里住了二十年了。Ihadadreamlastnight我昨晚做了一个梦。个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks,problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：aweek,aproblem,anoldman.2）集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：family（家，家庭）army（军队）company（公司；全体船员）enemy（敌人）government（政府）group（小组，团体）public（公众）team（队；组）police（警方）作单数看待作复数看待Hisfamilyisn'tlarge.他家人不多。Thegovernmentisplanningtobuildadamhere.政府打算在这里建一座水坝。Thepublicwasunlikelytosupportit.公众支持它的可能性不大。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。Thegovernmentarediscussingtheplan.政府在讨论这个计划。Thepublicweredeceivedbythenewspaper.公众受到报纸的蒙骗。集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的成员时作复数看待：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如：OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.我们公司将派他去柏林工作。有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如：Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察正在找他。3）物质名词物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有：beer,cloth,coal,coffee,coke,cotton,ice,ink,jam,juice,meat,medicine,metal,milk,oilpaper,rain,salad,salt,sand,snow,soup,steel,sugar,tea,water,wine,wood,wool等。一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：a．有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”，“一杯”：Treebeers,please.请来三杯啤酒。Achocolateice-creamforme.给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。b．有此物质名词可作可数名词，表示“一种”：Itwasaspecialteawhichtastedoforangeblossoms.这是一种特别的茶，有桔子花叶。Itwasadeliciouswine.那是一种美味的红酒。c．个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义：Itwasnowthetimeofthespringrains.现在是春天雨季的时候。Herearethesnowsoflastyear.这是去看的积雪。d．抽象名词抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不加不定冠词a/an。常见的抽象名词有：age,anger,beauty,childhood,death,duty,fear,fun,happiness,health,help,history,industry,joy,labour,love,luck,music,nature,peace,pleasure,power,safety,silence,sleep,time,training,travel,trust,truth,waste,weather,work,worth,youth等。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用在多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。例如：safetyfirst!安全第一！It’swonderfulweather.天气好极了。但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an.例如：Ishallneverforgetthebeautyofthatlake.我永远不会忘记那个湖的美丽。There’sabeautyinsimplicity.朴实之中有一种美。2．专有名词67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如：1）人名：Mary,MrsGreen,Zhanghua2）地名：Beijing,WestLake3）某类人的名称：Americans,Russians4）某些抽象事物的名称：English,Chinese5）月份、周日及节日名称：May,Saturday,Easter6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：ConewiththeWind7）对家人等的称呼：Mum,Dad,UncleTom专有名词的第一个字母要大写。（三）可数名词和不可数名词名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数与不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。单数复数acountryaclassasheepatomatocountriesclassessheeptomatoes普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的，所以它们又可称为可数名词。可数名词单数往往要同不定冠词a或an连用，复数则要使用其复数形式。例如：普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的，这些名词又可称为不可数名词。不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰，也不存在复数形式，如ice(冰)，water(水),rice(稻子)等。在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同，它们的意思往往也不大相同，对这些名词要特别注意。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如作不可数名词作可数名词glass玻璃paper纸张time时间work消息玻璃杯；镜子；眼镜报纸；文件；考卷次数；时代单词；话语一般说来，汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名词在汉语中常被用作可数名词，而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词，对这些名词也要特别注意，发如：fun，work，advice，weather，homework，news，money，information，bread，hair)，chalk，furniture等。（四）可数名词复数形式的构成可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-sdesk→desksmap→maps-s在请辅音后发[s]音day→daysgirl→girls-s在元音私浊畏音后发[z]以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesfish→fisheses发[iz]音以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-esfamily→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→parties-ies发[iz]音67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用以元音字母y结尾的词在词尾加-sday→daysboy→boyskey→keys-s发[z]音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknife→kniveslife→liveswife→wiveshalf→halves-ves发[vz]音以辅音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes-es发[z]音以元音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-sradio→radioszoo→zoos-s发[z]音少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos等。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s。如：handkerchief→handkerchiefs,roof→roofs等。英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish等。（五）名词的所有格在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上’s，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。1．名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况：1）如果名词是单数，只在词尾加’s。例如：theboy’sschoolbag这男孩的书包theworker’sshoes这个二人的鞋2）复数名词如果以s结尾，只加’（在s的右上角）即可如：theteachers’office老师们的办公室thestudents’classroom学生们的教室3）复数名词如果不以s结尾，则在词尾加’s如：Women’sDay妇女节thePeople’sPark人民公园2．名词所有格的用法名词的所有格主要有以下五种用法：1）表示人成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。例如：HeisMary’syoungerbrother.他是玛丽的弟弟。TheyarereadingLeiFeng’sDiaries.他们在读雷锋的日记。2）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。例如：Ourschoolishalfanhour’swalkfromhere.我们学校离这儿步行有半小时的距离。BeijingisChina’scapital.北京是中国的首都。3）表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一般使用与of构成的短语结构。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Thefrontdoorofthehousewaspaintedred.那屋子的前门被漆成了红色。Thereisamapoftheworldonthefrontwallofourclassroom.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用我们教室前面的墙上有一幅世界地图。4）名词所有格后面跟地点，往往要将地点名词省略。例如：Mysisteroftengoestomyuncle’s.我的妹妹经常到我叔叔家去。Youlookill.You’dbettergotothedoctor’s.你脸色不好，最好去看看病。5）被名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提出到过，一般可以省略。例如：Iamusingmydictionary.YoucanuseTom’s.我们字典我正在用，你可以用汤姆的。OurbedroomismuchlargerthanJohnandDick’s.我们的寝室比约翰私迪克的大得多，（六）可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达1．两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有：some,any,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等。例如：Pleasegivemesomepaper.请给我一些纸。Idon’twanttoborrowanymagazines.我不想借什么杂志。2．用来修饰可数名词的数量词有：many,several.hundredsof,anumberof,apairof,afew,few等。例如：Youhavemadequiteafewspellingmistakesinyourcomposition.你的俄文中有很多拼写错误。Severaldayslater,agroupofstudentswenttohelptheoldman.几天以后，一群学生去帮助了那位老人。3．用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有：much,agreatdealof,abitof,adropof,apieceof,quitealittle,little,等。例如：Iwantapieceofredchalk.我想要一支红粉笔。Pleasegiveherabitofbread.请给她一点面包。（七）名词的用法1．作主语例如：Theradiosaysthatitmaystopraininglater.广播说一会儿雨可能会停。2．作表语例如：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Class3werethewinners.三班获胜了。3．作宾语例如：Itoldhimastory.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用我给他讲了个故事。4．作宾语补足语例如：HenamedherJenny.他给她取名詹妮。5．作定语例如：Wearediscussingthepopulationproblem.我们正在讨论人口问题。6．作状语例如：Hesatherealongtime.他坐在这儿很久了。7．与介词组成词组例如：IamworkinghardonmyChinese.我正在努力学习汉语。8．作介词宾语例如：Givethemoneytoyoursister.把钱给你姐姐。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.写出下列名词的复数形式：1.house_________2.village___________3.map__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.wish__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________II.将下列词组译成英语：1、一群孩子2、两箱子苹果3、三篮子蔬菜4、九块面包5、十杯牛奶6、五块肉7、多种植物8、一副眼镜9、两块冰10、三张纸11、四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶13、六碗米饭14、七袋米15、八块木头16、九块金属III.写出下列各词的名词形式：1.work_________2.teach_________3.sing________4.ill___________67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用5.fight___________6.invent________7.wait________8.woolen__________9.win____________10.thankful________11.foreign_________12.cloudy________13.run__________14.dirty__________15.visit_________16.funny__________17.wooden________18.medical________19.operate________20.hot__________21.invite__________22.worried________23.build__________24.please________25.help_________26.safe_________27.die_________28.dangerous_______29.draw________30.noisy________67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组Ⅳ.选择填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.The______ofmachinemadeusfeelsick.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.noises4.Theblouseismadeof________.A.awoolB.thesewoodC.woolsD.wool5.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps6.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday7.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan8.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary9.Tomis______.Hewillcometoseeme.A.myafriendB.afriendC.minefriendD.afriendofmine10.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are11.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread12.It’salong______toParis.It’stwothousandkilometers.A.streetB.roadC.wayD.end13.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child14.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe15.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens16.Beijingisoneofthebiggest_______intheworld.A.citysB.cityC.cityesD.cities67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用17.---Where’sMr.White?---He’sin_______.A.theroom202B.Room202C.theRoom202D.room20218.Shops,hospitalsandschoolsareall_______.A.placesB.homesC.roomsD.buildings19.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa_______tohisoffice.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.20minutes’walksB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk20.---Arethese______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows21.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread22.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’23.Hereare______foryou,Sue.A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato24.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes25.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden26.What’stheChinesefor“PRC”?A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国D.中国共产党27.SamgaveAnnsome_______tolookafterPollywhilehewasaway.A.picture-booksB.inventionsC.instructionsD.messages28.---WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?---The________.A.monkeyB.elephantC.pandaD.cat29.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s30.Thethirdmonthoftheyearis_______.A.MarchB.JanuaryC.FebruaryD.April31.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges32.Howwonderful!The______ismadeof_______.A.house,glassB.house,glassesC.houses,glassD.houses,glasses33.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English34._______isthebesttimeforplantingtrees.A.SummerB.WinterC.SpringD.Autumn35.Tomwasbadlyhurtinthematch.Theycarriedhimtothe______asquicklyaspossible.A.bankB.postofficeC.shopD.hospital36.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用37.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes38.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer39.It’sverycoldtoday.Whydon’tyouputonyour______?A.watchB.shirtC.sweaterD.glasses40.---Excuseme,areyou______?---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,AmericaV.各地中考题选编：1.---WhereisTom?---He’slefta______sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news2.Thereisno______inthebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.seats3.---Wouldyoulikesome______?---Oh,yes.Justalittle.A.pearsB.orangesC.sugarD.apples4.YoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon_______.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books5.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthe_____hotelsincehecametoChina.A.five-starB.five-starsC.fivestar’sD.fivestars6.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_______.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.place7.---What’sthe_____today?---It’sJune26.A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour8.Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein______.A.theUSAB.IndiaC.JapanD.China9.______comesfromcows.A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk10.Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?A.B.C.D.11.Letthechildrengoaway.They’remakingtoomuch______here.A.noiseB.voiceC.noisyD.sounds12.______comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit.A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk13.---Oh,thereisn’tenough______forusinthelift.---Itdoesn’tmatter,let’swaitforthenext.A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room14._______isthebiggestcityinChina.A.BeijingB.ShanghaiC.GuangzhouD.Kunming15.TheEnglishmanStephenson(史蒂芬孙),invented_______.A.theshipB.thecarC.theplaneD.thetrain67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用冠词重点知识归纳及讲解（一）概说1．冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词：1）定冠词the2）不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[]，在元音前读作[i]，特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作[n]；在其他情况下则使用a，读作[]。2．冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。例如：Sheisanurse.她是个护士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。例如：That’sthebookyouwant.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用这就是你要的那本书。Who’stheyoungmanoverthere?那边那个年轻人是谁？但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。例如：Putitonthetable.把它放在桌上。Shutthedoor,please.请把门关上。3．特指和泛指一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求见你。（泛指）Askthegentlemantocomein.请那位先生进来。（特指）在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。例如：Shesentmeapostcard她寄给我一张明信片。2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some,any这类词。例如：Thesearenewwords.这些是生词。Shesentmesomeflowers.她送给我一些花。3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some,any等。例如：It’slovelyweather.天气真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放点糖吗？Giveussomehelp.给我们一些帮助。（二）不定冠词的基本用法1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）例如：Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是医生。2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）例如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）例如：Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.这本书是一位工人写的。4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Waitamoment.等一下。5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思例如：Wehavethreemealsaday.我们每日吃三餐。6．用于某此固定词组中67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：afew,alittle,abit(of),alotof等。（三）定冠词的基本用法1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物例如：Givemethebook.把那本书给我。2．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物例如：Whereisthedoctor?医生在哪儿？3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物例如：Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物例如：Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前例如：MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第一节课。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物例如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。7．与下列专有名词连用1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前例如：theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人例如：TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人例如：theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用thesick病人thedead死人67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用9．在一些习惯说法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening)ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema（四）不用冠词的几种情况1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前例如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你到过上海吗？Welovescience.我们爱好科学。2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前例如：Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以当科学家。3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前例如：Itishotinsummer.夏天天气热。It’sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭没有？4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前例如：What’sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦，迈克？Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我们学校的校长。5．学科和球类运动的名称前例如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗？6．名词前已有用作定语的this,thatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代词时，不用冠词例如：Thatisherbike.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用那是她的自行车。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。7．在某些固定词组的名词前例如：athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：1.Thisis______oldmap.Itis______usefulmap.2.Wehavenoclassesin______afternoonon_______Saturday.3.______spaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometers_______second.4.Beijingis______capitalof______China.Itis_______beautifulcity.5.Romanwasnotbuiltin______day.6.Chineseisquite______difficultlanguageforMike.7.Many______studentswilltake______activepartinsportsmeet.8.Thereis______interestingpictureon______wall.9.Jennyfound______walletlyingon______ground.______walletwasMr.Black’s.10.Whichis______biggest,______sun,______moon,or______earth?11.---Whichpictureismorebeautiful?---______oneon______left,Ithink.12.---Whichis_____wayto______hospital?---Godownthisroadandturnlefton______secondcrossing.13._______more,_______better.14._______Turnersaresittingatbreakfasttable.15.JoeHillwas_______fighterfor______workingclass.16.Whenwas______People’sRepublicofChinafounded?17.InChina______firstEnglishtextbookswerepublishedin_____latenineteenthcentury.18.After______breakfasthewentto______schoolon______foot.19.______HuangheRiverliesin______northofChina.20.Helikesplaying______football.Hissisterlikesplaying______piano.II.单项选择：1.上学A.gotoschoolB.gototheschoolC.gotoaschool2.住院A,inthehospitalB.inahospitalC.inhospital3.此刻A.atthemomentB.atamomentC.atmoment4.在课堂上A.inclassB.inaclassC.intheclass5.在地球上A.onearthB.onanearthC.ontheearth6.步行A.onfootB.onthefootC.onfeet7.吃饭A.atatableB.atthetableC.attable8.乘公共汽车A.takebusB.bybusC.bythebus9.在家A.atthehomeB.atahomeC.athome10.在工作A.atworkB.attheworkC.atworks11.跳高A.jumphighB.highjumpC.thehighjump12.坐飞机A.byairB.bytheairC.onair67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用13.乘火车A.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain14.在校学习A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15.睡觉A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16.感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17.乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18.玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19.事实上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.从早到晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamorningtoanevening67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组III.选择填空：1.Thereis______oldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用2.Shanghaiisin_______eastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3.Billis______Englishteacher.Helikesplaying______football.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalf_____hourtogothereby______bus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/5.Thestoryis______interesting.Thatmeansitis______interestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a6.Let’sgofor______walk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7.Thisis______interestingstory-bookanditisalso______usefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8._______womanoverthereis______popularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9.Theypassedourschool______daybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.Australiais______English-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Don’tplay______basketballhere.It’sdangerous.A.aB.anC./D.the12.Thisis______apple.It’s_______bigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the13.---Haveyouseen______bag?Ileftitherejustnow.---Isit______oneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a14.Ihave______bluecoat.A.aB.anC.theD.some15.Thisis_____orange._______orangeisonthetable.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16.Haveyouhad______breakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinish_____operation.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.aB.anC.theD.any18.After______supper,hestayedathomeandplayed______violin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19.Thereis______appleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20.Hesaidthathegot______“C”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21.______newbridgehasbeenbuiltover______HuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22.Englishis_______usefullanguagein______world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23.Intheword“cariage”_______“r”islost.A.theB.anC.aD./24.Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot______“A”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25.Ihavetwodogs.______blackoneistwoyearsoldand______yellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the26.LiDancanplay______pianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27.What______interestingfilmitis!Ilike______filmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28.______tallmanoverthereisour______Englishteacher.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.A,theB.The,aC.A,anD.The,/67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用代词67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用一、本周内容概述1．代词的作用严格地讲，代词是代替名词的，在句子中起名词的作用，可用作：1）主语例如：Thisisournewhome.这是我们的新家。Whoisonthephone?谁在打电话？2）宾语例如：Takegoodcareofyourself.多多保重。Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应互相帮助。3）表语例如：That’snotmine.那不是我的。Whoisit?—It’sme.谁呀？—是我。4）同位语例如：Webothliveinthedormitory.我们两人都住宿舍。Heatethemall.他把它们全吃了。5）呼语例如：Bepatient,everybody.大家都耐心点。2．代词的分类代词通常可分为以下八类：1）人称代词（I,you,he,we等）2）物主代词（our,your,their,his等）3）反身代词（myself,ourselves,yourself,itself等）4）相互代词（eachother,oneanother）67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用5）指示代词（this,that,these,those等）6）疑问代词（who,what,which,whose等）7）关系代词（who,that,which,whose等）8）不定代词（both,all,some,any等）67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用二、重点知识归纳及讲解（一）人称代词1．人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用数格人称单数复数主格宾语主格宾格第一人称I我mewe我们us第二人称you你youyou你们you第三人称he他she她it它himherit他们they她们它们them2．人称代词的用法1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语例如：IamstudyingEnglishnow.我现在正在学英语。Weloveourcountry.我们热爱我们的国家。如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是：单数形式you,heandI复数形式we,youandthey2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。例如：Canyouhelpus?你能帮助我们吗？Wearewaitingforthem.我们正在等他们。Whoisthere?It’sme.是谁呀？是我。（二）物主代词物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系，这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，并有不同的人称和单复数之分。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用2．形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。例如：Myparentsarebothdoctors.我的父母都是医生。Wesawafilmyesterday.ItsnamewasSpeed.我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是《生死时速》。2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。例如：Isthisherpen?No,hersisred.（主语）这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanours.（宾语）咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。Theselettersarehis.（表语）这些信是他的。（三）反身代词反身代词用来表示反射或强调。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1．反身代词的形式人称一二三单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2．反身代词的用法1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。例如：Mygrandmotheristoooldtolookafterherself.我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers,heneverthoughtofhimself.雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。2）在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下，反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后，也可以放到句末。例如：Weourselveswillbuildthefactory.我们将自己建造这个工厂。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Hespoketomemyself.他对我本人说话。3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。例如：byoneself亲自foroneself为自己calloneself称自己teachoneself自学helponeselfto随意吃loseoneself迷路speaktooneself自言自语seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood让别人懂得自己的意思（四）指示代词指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词，如：this,that,these,those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物，that和those则指较远的事物。指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。例如：Thisisadifficultquestion.这是个难题。Thatbasketballisn’tours.那个篮球不是我们的。Doyoulikethese?你喜欢这些吗？（五）不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。1．不定代词有以下形式：some,somebody,someone,something,any,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing,all,both,neither,none,either,each,everybody,everyone,everything,other,another,much,one2．不定代词在句子中的作用：1）作主语例如：Everyonehascome.Let’sbegin.大家都到了，我们开始吧。Bothofhisparentsaredoctors.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用他的父母都是医生。Oneistheteacher,theothersarestudents.一人是老师，其余的是学生。2）作宾语例如：Thisoneistoosmall,pleaseshowmeanother.这个太小，请另外拿一个给我看看。Pleaseintroducemetotheothers.请把我介绍给所有其他的人。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用3）作表语例如：That’sallfortoday.今天就到这儿吧。It’stoomuchforme.这件事非我力所能及。3．常见不定代词的用法讲解1）some和anya．some常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。例如：Somesayyesandsomesayno.有的人说是，有的人说不是。Idon’tlikeanyofthem.我对他们一个也不喜欢。Doesanyofthemknowthis?他们当中有谁知道吗？b．如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。例如：Wouldyoulikesomeofthetickets?你想要些票吗？c．在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。例如：Youcantakeanyofthenewspapershere.你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。2）either和neithereither用于肯定，neither用于否定，二者均限于两个个体的情况。例如：Youcanseetalltreesoneitheroftheriverbanks.在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。Neitherofthemwantstoseethefilmwithme.他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。3）one和ones（one的复数形式）one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以避免用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词为oneself，所有格形式是one’s。例如：Oneshouldfollowthelaws.人人应该遵守法律。Theoneinredisourmonitor.穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Shanghaihasalotofnewbuildings,butitalsohasmanyoldones.上海有很多新的建筑物，也有不少老的建筑物。4）复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every同body，one,thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some,someone和something一般用于肯定句，anybody,anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。例如：Wewantsomebodytohelpus.我们想要有人来帮助我们。Haveyoufoundanythinghere?你们在这儿发现什么了吗？Ifanyonecomestovisitus,tellhimwehavegonetothecinema.如果有人来访，就告诉他我们去电影院了。表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加’s构成所有格。例如：Somebody’swallethasjustbeenstolen.有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。复合不定代词要求后置定语。例如：Wewillhavesomethingimportanttodothisafternoon.今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。（六）疑问代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如who,whom,whose,what和which等。在疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如：Whoisyourmathsteacher?（表语）谁是你们的数学老师？Whosebagisthat?（定语）那是谁的书包？WhoteachesyouEnglish?（主语）谁教你们英语？Whomareyoutalkingabout?（宾语）你们在谈论谁？（七）相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，其形式如下表。主格和宾格所有格eachotheroneanothereachother’soneanother’s在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother意思上没有区别，它们在句中可以作宾语，其所有格可以作定语。（互相）（彼此的）67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Doyouoftenhelpeachother?你们经常互相帮助吗？Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.选择填空：67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1．Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.IB.meC.mineD.my2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.A.your,herB.hers,mineC.yours,hersD.your,hers3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathsbook,_______isanEnglishbook.A.othersB.otherC.theotherD.another4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.A.ThatB.sheC.ItD.There6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.A.usB.ourselvesC.themD.themselves7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.A.hisB.heC.himD.his’s8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______.A.anotherB.othersC.theotherD.other9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself.A.himB.herC.usD.me10.Haveyou_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportant11.Imetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,myB.my,theC.mine,aD.mine,the12.______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket.A.EveryB.BothC.EachD.All13.Thereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither14._______liveinShanghai.A.WeB.OurC.OursD.Ourselves15.---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______.A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,herD.hers,hers16.---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhatD.Which67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalso18.Theyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others19.Mydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.yourselfD.your20.Ithinkyoucandothejob______.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.your21.---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.his22.Myunclewassoangrythathewasno______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he23.Therearemanytreeson______sideofthestreet.A.allB.bothC.everyD.each24._____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.ThereB.ThatC.ThisD.It25.Shecan’tfind______watch.A.hersB.itC.herD.it’s26.Thereis______milkintheglass.A.manyB.littleC.fewD.afew27.Pleasepass______thecapoftea.A.meB.myC.mineD.I28.Haveyouheardfrom______recently?A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.their29.Thereis_____waterinthebottle.A.notB.someC.anyD.many30.Thereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.muchD.little31.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew32.Thisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk.A.myB.yoursC.yourD.you33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myselfD.our34.Wouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.littleC.someD.any35.---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few36.Thisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用37.Theyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle38.Theytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours39.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A./B.oneC.suitsD.ones40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher?A.HowB.WhichC.WhatD.Who67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组II.中考题集：1．---Whosepaintingisthis?It’sreallywonderful!---Oh,it’snot________.It’s_________.A.hers;yourB.mine;Elsa’sC.yours;he’sD.his;my2．_________ofthetwinswenttowatchPekingOperalastSunday.Theywerestayingathomeallthatday.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.One3．TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare__________newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few4．Thisrulerismine.__________isoverthere.A.SheB.She’sC.HerD.Hers5．I’lltellyou________newsaboutthesportsmeeting.A.manyB.someC.afew6．Alltheboyswereverytired,but_______ofthemwouldtakearest.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.allB.neitherC.anyD.none7．EverydayMr.Huchecks_________homeworkandcorrectsthemistakeswemake.A.hisB.herC.ourD.its8．---Whenshallwemeetagain,thisafternoonortonight?---Idon’tmind._________timeisOK.A.EitherB.EveryC.NeitherD.Both9．Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker;________isateacher.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother10．Pass_________theknife,please.Mypencilisbroken.A.IB.meC.myD.mine11．---Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceorcoke?---_________,thanks.I’dlikejustacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None12．Bobcouldn’tbuythedictionarybecausehehad_________moneywithhim.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little13．Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s________.A.herB.hisC.yourD.their14．---Oh!Icamenahurryandforgottobringfood.---Nevermind.Youcanhave_________.A.usB.oursC.youD.yours67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用15．---Thewatchissonice!Isitfor________?---Yes.Happybirthday.Mary!---Thankyouverymuch.A.hisB.meC.myD.hers16．---MayIuseyourpen?---Yes,herearetwoandyoucanuse________ofthem.A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either17．---Whosebookisthis?---It’s________.A.myB.mineC.meD.I18．---HowmanymoreorangescanIhave?---Youcanhaveonemore.__________areforTom.A.TheothersB.AnotherC.OthersD.Theother19．---CanItalktoyouforaminute,Brain?---Sure,Ihave_______time.A.afewB.littleC.fewD.alittle20．TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but________isfromEngland.A.oursB.myC.yourD.her21．Annehasason._______nameisEdward.A.HerB.HisC.HersD.Him22．Thisisn’tmysweater.It’s__________,Ithink.A.sheB.herC.hersD.mine23．Hurryup!There’s_________timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle24．---CouldIhavesomemilk?---Certainly.There’s________inthebottle.A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.few25．Youcan’tseemanyofthestarsintheskybecause__________aretoofaraway.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs26．LeiFengasked_________forreturnwhenhehelpedothers.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something27．---Isityourticket?---No,_________isinmypocket.It’s________.A.mine;herB.my;hisC.mine;hersD.my;hers28．Canyoutellme________sheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which29．MissBrownwillteach________Englishnextterm.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours30．Thereis_________intoday’snewspaper.A.newanythingB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.somethingnew67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用数词67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用一、本周内容概述表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用二、重点知识归纳及讲解（一）基数词基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。1one11eleven100ahundred2two12twelve20twenty1000athousand3three13thirteen30thirty1，000，000amillion4four14fourteen40forty10，000，000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100，000，000ahundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1，000，000，000abillion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten说明：1．13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。2．20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如：81eighty-one。4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如：691sixhundredandninety-one。5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。如：5893fivethousandeighthundredandninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。7．多位数的读法：1）1000以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是athousandmillion或abillion(十亿)。2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：888，000，000读作：eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion。（二）、基数词的用法1．基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词(hundred,thousand,million,billion)不能在词尾加-s。例如：twohundredstudents二百个学生fivethousandyears五千年2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目，在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词词尾加-s，要与of短语连用。3．基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。例如：Threeandfiveiseight.3+5=8主语表语Howmanyorangesdoyouwant?你要多少桔子？Iwanteight.我要八个。宾语Thereareeightboatsinthelake.湖里有八条小船。定语（三）序数词表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。请见下表：第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth说明：1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。注意：1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如：第一：(the)first=1st第二：(the)second=2nd第三：(the)third=3rd第五：(the)fifth=5th第九十七：(the)ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一：(the)onehundred(and)first=101st2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。例如：第一课：LessonOne第三十二页：Page3267\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用第305房间：Room305第12路公共汽车：BasNo.12五、序数词的用法序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：Thefirstisbiggerthanthesecond.第一个比第二个大。主语Givemethefirst.把第一个给我。宾语She’softenthefirsttogotoschool.她经常第一个去上学。表语We’regoingtolearntheeighthlesson.我们将要学习第八课。定语六、年、月、日和时间的表达法1．年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。例如：1999nineteenninety-nine2000twothousand2001twothousandandone2．月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如：一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月（Apr.）,五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)。3．日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如：在6月1日：onJune1st读作：onJunethefirst.年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。例如：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用在2001年5月4日：onMay4th,2001。4．年代用基数词的复数表示。例如：20世纪90年代：nineteennineties21世纪20年代：twentytwenties5．时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如：顺读法倒读法5：00five(o’clock)6：18sixeighteeneighteenpastsix12：15twelvefifteenfifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve4：30fourthirtyhalfpastfour5：50fivefiftytentosix6：45sixforty-fiveaquartertoseven注意：1）表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接o’clock(也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用o’clock。2）表达“15分”或“45分”时，常用quarter（刻）。3）在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：8:20twentypasteight8:40twentytonine6．分数的表达法1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数。2）小数的读法：小数点前面的数按照基数词的读法，小数点后面的数按照数本身读，小数点读point。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：0.38zeropointthreeeight96.89ninety-sixpointeightnine3)百分数，在数词后加percent。例如：15%读作：fifteenpercent60%读作：sixtypercent7．表示语数1）…几倍大小（长短，数量）=…几倍（或分数）+thesize(length,amount)。例如：Theearthisforty-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。2）…比…几倍=…倍数（或分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比部分。例如：Hishouseisthreetimesbiggerthanmine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。3）…是…倍=…倍数（或分数）+as+形容词+as+被比部分。例如：Thisfactoryisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。8．表示约数1）“多于”用morethan或over。例如：Thestreetisover(morethan)500metreslong.这条街有500多米长。2）“小于”用lessthan。例如：Threearelessthan30peopleintheclassroom.教室里不到三十人。3）“或…以上”用ormore。例如：Thebuildingcanhold5000peopleormore.那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。4）“或…以下”用orless。例如：Wecanfinishtheworkintwoweeksorless.我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。5）“大约”用about,around,nearly等。例如：Theboxweighsabout50pounds.这箱子重约50镑。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用6）“左右”用orso.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Inthepasttenyearsorso,theyhavechangedalot.在过去的十年里，他们改变了许多。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.写出下列基数词相应的序数词：1.one__________2.two_________3.three_________4.five________5.eight__________6.nine_________7.twelve_________8.twenty__________9.thirty-one__________10.forty-four___________11.fifty-seven____________II.把下列短语译成英语：1.第12课________________________2.304号房间_______________________3.半小时________________________4.每日三次_______________________5.第25页_______________________6.20世纪90年代___________________7.4路公共汽车_____________________8.第15中学_____________________9.21世纪_________________________10.两吨半______________________11.差一刻三点_____________________12.第二册________________________13.在他五十几岁时___________________14.二年级八班____________________15.10:45_____________________________16.第十五单元____________________17.第三册第十三课_______________________18.三分之一__________________19.三百英镑_________________________20.1994年3月22日__________________67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组III.选择填空：1.333reads___________.A.threehundredandthirtythreeB.threehundredsandthirty-threeC.threehundredandthirty-threeD.threehundredthirty-three2.The_______monthoftheyearisFebruary.A.oneB.firstC.twoD.second3.Thebeautifulskirtsareonshowintheshop,Janelikes_______.A.theninthB.theninethC.nineD.ninth4.Ittookme_______tofinishmyhomework.A.ahalfandtwohourB.twohourandahalfC.twoandahalfhourD.twoandahalfhours5.Decemberisthe_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelvethC.twelviethD.twelfth6.Tombought______forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes7.Thereare_______secondsinaminute.A.fourtyB.fortyC.sixteenD.sixty8.LinTaogetsupat______inthemorning.A.halfpastsixB.sixpasthalfC.pasthalfsixD.halfsixpast9.December______isChristmas.A.twenty-fiveB.thetwenty-fifthC.thetwentieth-fiveD.twentieth-fifth10.Thereare_____starsintheuniverse.A.millionsB.millionofC.millionsofD.million11.Mondayisthe_______dayoftheweek.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third12.Mr.Blacklefthere_____ago.A.halfahourB.halfanhourC.anhalfhourD.ahalfhours67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用13.Thereare_____studentsintheirschool.A.ninehundredB.ninehundredsC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof14.Thereare_____wordsinthetextofthe_____Lesson.A.hundredof,FifthB.ahundredof,FivethC.hundredsof,FifthD.hundredsof,Fiveth15.Wehadlearnedabout_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.ninehundredsandforty-fiveB.ninehundredsofandforty-five67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用C.ninehundredandforty-fiveD.ninehundredandfourty-fiveIV.中考题集：1.About______peopleareinthePeople’sParkatweekends.A.twohundredsB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.hundredof2.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)shouldbe_____higherthandownstream(下游).A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters3.Inourschoolseveral_____studentsareabletosearchtheInternetforusefulinformationnow.A.hundredofB.hundredsforC.hundredD.hundreds4.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.245.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_______.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19226.Lookatthemenu:SNACKSHamburger$2.60Orangejuice$1.20Hotdog$2.15Coffee$1.00Icecream$2.00Cokeregular$0.75Popcorn$1.00large$1.00Jeffwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandicecream.Howmuchwillhepay?A.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Threedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.7.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo_______.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof8.Thefilmstarisgoingtospend______dollarsonanewdressforthecomingparty.A.threethousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.threethousandsof9.Thereare______doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof10.---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?---________,butI’mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred11.Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen1._______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred2.TheGamesof______Olympiadin2008willbeheldinthecityofBeijing.A.29B.the29C.29thD.the29th3.FanZhiyi’stransfertoDundeeFootballClubattheendoflastyeararoused______Chinesepeople’sinterest.A.thousandofB.thousandC.thousandsofD.thousands67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用4.About______filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds5.---Doyouhaveenoughmentocarrythesechairs?---No.Ithinkweneed______men.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用6.---Canyouwritethenumbereightfivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?---Yes,itis_____________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.586267.There’re______studentsinourgrade.A.hundredsofB.threehundredsofC.threehundredsD.threehundreds’8.______oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,_______ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber,firstthirdB.Thenumber,onethirdC.Anumber,halfD.Anumber,threequarters9._______GermanscometovisitChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousands67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用动词（I）67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用重点知识归纳及讲解一、概述动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的，谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。1．动词的种类动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见下表：动词分类特征例词例句行为动词vt./vi.表示动作或状态。有完整的词义。能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）help帮助（vt.）see看见（vt.）go去（vi.）fly飞（vi.）Heoftenhelpsme.Icanseeabirdinthetree.Planescanfly.连系动词linkv.本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语（名词性合成谓语）be是look看起来seem似乎get变得become变成，成为HeisanEnglishteacher.Theylookthesame.助动词v.aux.本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定，疑问、时态、语态、语气等。be;have;do;will;shallHedoesn'tspeakEnglish.WeareplayingbasketballDoyouhaveabrother?情态动词modv.本身有一定词义，但不完整。不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度can;many;must;need;dare;will;would;shall;shouldShecanspeakalittleEnglish.MayIcomein?Wemustgonow.注意：1）行为动词又可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种。及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟宾语，只有加上介词后才可接宾语。2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词工作及物动词。例如：HespeaksEnglishverywell.(vt.)67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用他英语讲得好。Hespokeatthemeeting.（vi.）另外，动词按其在句中能否作谓语，又可分为谓语动词（finiteverb）和非谓语动词（non-finiteverb）两大类。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用说明：谓语动词又称限定动词，非谓语动词又称非限定动词。非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。2．动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数形式。如：work—worked—worked—working—works。它们的构成及形式详见下表。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式（也就是词典中一般给予的形式）be,have,do,come过去式与过去分词（规则变化）1．在动词原形后加-ed2．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i再加-ed3．以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-edwork→workedcarry→carriedstop→stopped现在分词1．在动词原形后加-ing2．以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing3．以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing4．少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加-ingread→readingwrite→writingswim→swimmingdie→dying第三人称单数形式1．在动词原形后加-s2．以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加-es3．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-es4．以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加-srun→runsteach→teacheswash→washesgo→goespass→passestry→triesstay→stays说明：1）词尾-ed在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]和[d]后读[id]。2）词尾-es或-s在[s]、[z]、[t]、[d]后面读[iz]；在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音及元音后读[z]；在[t]，[d]后读[ts]、[dz]。3）不规则动词的过去式与过去分词则要根据不规则动词表逐渐记住。二、动词的时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下八种时态。1．一般现在时1）构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：动词tobe动词tohaveIamastudentYouareastudentHe(She)isastudent.We(You,They)arestudentsIhaveapen.Youhaveapen.He(She)hasapen.We(You,They)havepens.2）用法a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often,usually,always,everyday等。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日，我每天上学。Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.我们班上有五十个学生。b．表示主语的身份或特征。Hisfatherisadoctor.他的父亲是医生。Tomistall.汤姆个子高。c．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理Theearthisround.地球是圆的.Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大。d．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbelate.如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback.我将一直等到你回来。2．一般过去时67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1）构成一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I(You,He,She,We,They)workedthere.I(You,He,She,We,They)didnotworkthere.Didyou(I,he,she,we,they)workthere?be动词I(He,She,It)wasthere.We(You,They)werethereI(He,She,It)wasnotthere.We(You,They)werenotthere.WasI(he,she,it)there?Wereyou(we,they)there?have动词I(You,He,She,We,They)hadbooks.I(You,He,She,We,They)hadnot/didn'thaveanybooksHadI(you,he,she,we,they)anybooks?或DidI(you,he⋯)haveanybooks?2）用法a．表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,uponatime,in1989,intheolddays,whenIwasatmiddleschool等。HeleftforBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天上午到北京去了。Shewasn'tathomelastnight.她昨晚上在家。Didyoufinishyourworkatfouryesterdayafternoon?你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Igotupveryearlyatthattime.我那时总是起得很早。Maryalwaysgotuptoolateandneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfastwhenshewasatmiddleschool.玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。3．一般将来时67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1）构成动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国以外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称作主语时一般也使用助动词will，在英国现在也有这种趋势。在口语中，shall，will常缩写成I‘llYou'll,We'll等。在否定句中，willnot缩写成won'tshallnot缩写成shan't。肯定式否定式疑问式I(We)shall/willgothereI(We)shall/willnotgothereShallI(we)gothere?You(He,She,They)willgothereYou(He,She,They)willnotgothereWillyou(he,she,they)gothere?67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用2）用法a．表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,nexttime,nextyear,inafewdays等。I'llgoandseehernextFriday.我下周五去看她。Hewon'tgotheretomorrowmorning.他明天上午不到那儿去。Willyoudoitagain?你再做一遍好吗？b．有时没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。Idon'tknowwhowilldoit.我不知道谁将做这件事。Don'tworry,hewillbethereontime.别着急，他会准时在那儿。c．表示将来经常发生的动作。FromnowonI'llgetupearlyeverymorning.从今以后，我每天早晨早起。注意：1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，除了用上述的一般将来时外，还可以用begoingto来表示。begoingto这个结构表示：a．即将发生的动作；b．主语打算或准备要做的事；c．说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。begoingto结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如：WearegoingtolearnEnglish.我们将学习英语。Howareyougoingtospendyourholidays?你们打算怎样度过假期？Lookattheseblackclouds.Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。例如：Hewillcometoseeyouwhenhehastime.他有空时会来看你的。Theywillringyouupassoonastheygetback.他们一回来就打电话给你。4．现在进行时1）构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下：肯定式否定式疑问式67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Iamworkingnow.Iamnotworkingnow.AmIworkingnow?67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Youareworkingnow.He(She)isworkingnow.We(You,They)areworkingnow.Youarenotworkingnow.He(She)isnotworkingnow.We(You,They)arenotworkingnow.Areyouworkingnow?Is(he,she)workingnow?Areyou(we,they)workingnow?2）用法a．现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。Whoareyouwaitingfor?你在等谁？Heknowsthatwearehelpinghimnow.他知道我们现在正在帮助他。b．在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmtheredays.这些天学生们正在农场劳动。c．有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go,come,leave,arrive,move,die等。Heiscomingsoon.他不久就要来了。Maryisarrivinghereat4o/clockthisafternoon.玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。注意：1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know,love,like,want,hear,see,think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。例如：Stop,Iamthinking.停下来，我正在想问题呢。2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump,begin,start,stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。例如：Heisjumpingupanddown.他一下一下地跳个不停。5．现在完成时1）构成现在完成时由have的人称形式加动词的过去分词构成。它的肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下：肯定式否定式疑问式I(We,You,They)havedoneit.He(She)hasdoneit.I(We,You,They)havenotdoneit.He(She)hasnotdoneit.Haveyou(they,I,we)doneit?Hashe(she)doneit?2）用法a．表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Shehasbeenillforthreedays.她病了三天了。Hehasalreadyleft.他已经走了。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用b．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。We'veknowneachothersincewewerechildren.我们从小就认识。注意：在用already,always,yet,just,ever,never等副词作状语时，或者由for,since引起的短语作状语或状语从句时，句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时。区别：1）have(has)beento与have(has)gonetohave(has)beento+某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。have(has)goneto+某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。例如：HehasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.他去过北京三次。HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2）have(has)beentodosth.还可以表示做过某事。have(has)gonetodosth.则表示去做某事了。例如：HehasbeentoseeTominthehospital.他去医院看过汤姆。HehasgonetoseeTominthehospital.他到医院看汤姆去了。3）havegot虽然在形式上是现在完成时，却和have是相同的意思。例如：Haveyougotanybook?=Doyouhaveanybook?你有书吗？6．过去进行时1）构成过去进行时由be动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。2）用法过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与表示过去的时间状语如：thenatthattime,once,amomentago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。例如：Iwaswritingaletterathomeatsevenyesterdayevening.我昨晚七点在家写信。HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamehomeyesterdayevening.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用昨天晚上回家时，他在家看电视。7．过去完成时1）构成过去完成时由助动词had加动词的过去分词构成。2）用法过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作，即过去的过去。为了更容易理解过去完成时的时间概念，使之与过去时有明显的区别，可见下面的时间示意图。例如：IhadlearnedeighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastyear.（在过去某一时间之前）到去年年底之前，我已经学会了八百个英语单词。HehadfinishedhisworkbeforeIcamehere.（在过去另一动作之前）在我来这儿以前，他已经完成了工作。说明：67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用1）在包含when,assoonas,before,after,until等连词的复合句中，若主句谓语和从句谓语所表示的过去的动作是在不同时间发生的，那么，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。例如：Itoldthemafteryouhadleft.你走后我就告诉了他们。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfortwentyminuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在公共汽车站等了二十分钟，汽车终于来了。2）如果主句动作和从句动作紧接着发生，特别是连词为after或before时，由于连词本身很清楚地表明了动作发生的先后，两个动作此时都可使用一般过去时来表示。例如：Afterwesaidgood-byetothem,weleftthevillage.在和他们告别后，我们就离开了村庄。8．过去将来时1）构成过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。第一人称用should，其他人称用would。但目前在美、英等国也有第一人称用would的情况。2）用法a．过去将来时是个相对的时态，主要用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。Theysaidtheywouldgotovisitthesecondfactory.他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。TheteachertoldusthattherewouldbeaconcertthenextTuesday.老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。b．过去将来时也可由“was/weregoingto+动词原形”来表示。Shesaidshewasgoingtoseeheruncle.她说她要去看望她的叔叔。c．有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。这一用法与某些动词的现在进行时表示一般将来时的用法相同。Ididn'thavemuchtimetotalkwithyoubecameIwasleavingforShanghaiintwohours.我没有多少时间跟你谈话了，因为再过两个小时我就要动身去上海。注意：“would+动词原形”有时并不表示过去将来时，而表示一种客气的请求。例如：Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?请把窗子打开好吗？67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组单项选择：1.Look!There_________someapplesinthattree.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2．We'llhavetocleantheplatesbeforeMother_________home.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.comeD.comes3．—Willyourmother_________youifyou_________theEnglishexam?—Ofcoursenot.BecauseIamtryingmybest.A.beangrywith;don'tpassB.beangrywith;won'tpassC.beangryto;don'tpassD.beangryto;won'tpass4．I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain,it_________10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft5.Idon'tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see6._________you_________totheradio?—No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did;listenB.Have;listenedC.Do;listenD.Are;listening7.—Where'sMrLee?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.—You_________findhim.He_________Japan.A.maynot;hasgonetoB.maynot;hasbeentoC.can't;hasgonetoD.can't;hasbeento8.—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue_________,too.—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome?A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited9.Theworld_________.Thingsneverstaythesame.A.changesB.ischangingC.waschangingD.willchange10.—Excuseme,doesMrSmith'ssonlivehere?—He_________livehere,buthehasmoved.A.hastoB.usedtoC.triedtoD.happenedto11.Thechildrenplantedmorethreesandflowersafterthey_________GreenerChina.A.joinedB.tookpartinC.becameD.were12.—Where'sMrZhang?—He_________London.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.hasgoneto13.—Doyouknowifhe_________toplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_________freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用14.—MayIspeaktoMabel,please?—Sorry.She's_________Pairs.A.goneinB.beeninC.gonetoD.beento15.MypenfriendPhillip_________toseemefromAustralia.Hewillbeheresoon.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.iscoming16.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI_________myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostD.iscoming17.—DoyouknowJackwell?—Certainly,we_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebecomeD.havebeen18.—WhereisJim?—He______totheshop.He'llbackinanhour.A.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo19.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I________it.A.don'tseeB.didn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee20.Jim'sfathersaidtohim,"Ihopeyou________whatI________youtobuy."A.didn'tforget;toldB.nottoforget;havetoldC.won'tforget;havetoldD.haven'tforgotten;willtell21.Ilikemynewbike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden22.Alotoftrees________alongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted23.Thesebooks________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.A.mustbetakenB.can'ttakeC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetaken24.—WhoseCDplayeristhis?—It'smine.It________me800yuan.A.tookB.spentC.paidD.cost25.—MayI________youChinese-Englishdictionary?—Sorry,I________itathome?A.borrow;forgotB.lend;leftC.lend;forgotD.borrow;left67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用26.Canyou________alittleFrench?A.sayB.talkC.speakD.tell27.Theinternet________iteasygogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feelsD.takes28.—DoyoulikethemusicTheMoonlightSonata?—Yes,it________reallybeautiful.A.feelsB.soundsC.listensD.hears29.Alice,wearegoingtospendourholidayinCanada，ifyou________,wecangotoChinainstead.A.hopeB.wishC.preferD.agree30.—Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?—I'msorryIcan'tMotherwon't________metogooutintheevening.A.letB.allowC.offerD.ask31.It'stoodarkhere.Please________thelight.A.turnbackB.turndownC.turnonD.turnoff32.Afterfinishingyourpaper,lookitoverto________therearenomistakes.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.findoutB.tryoutC.makesureD.thinkabout33.Thebabyissleeping.Please________theradioalittle.A.turndownB.turnupC.turnonD.turnoff34.—Look!Thebusiscoming.—Buttherearetoomanypeople.Wecan't________it.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonD.getup35.Don't________yourcoat,Tom!It'seasytocatchacoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout36.Thetreesmust________threetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组II．用所给词的适当形式填空：1They________(visit)themuseumlastweek.2.ZhangHong________(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.3.She________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.4.Johnisalwaysbusy.He________(sleep)onlysixhoursverynight.5.Stayhere;boy;don'tgoout.It________(rain)now.6.Sheoften________(do)herlessonsaftersupper.7.Hurryup!Thetrain________(leave)infiveminutes.8.They________(arrive)inLondononthenightofApril30,1989.9.Whilewe________(talk)intheroom,thelightsuddenlywentout10.They________(learn)about200Englishwordssincethisterm.11.Themeeting________already________(start)whenwegotthere.12.He________(work)hardatEnglisheveryday.13.Putonyourcoat.Thewind________(blow)hardoutsidenow.14.I________(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.15.He________(mustsend)tothehospitalatonce.16.Bytheendoflastyearwe________(plant)1,500trees.17.She________(play)thepianowhenIwenttoseeherlastnight.18.I'lltellhimabouti8tassoonasI________(see)him.19.Sheisn'tathome,she________(go)toShanghai.20.________you________(get)upearlyeverymorningthisyear?21.Thefilm________(be)onforfiveminuteswhenIgottothecinema.22.Hesaidthatlight________(ravel)muchfasterthansound.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用23.HowmanyChinesewords________Mike________(learn)sincehegottoBeijing?24.Theearth________(move)aroundthesun.25.Theteachersaidhe________(give)usatalkonhistorysoon.26.Allthestudents________(plant)treestomorrow.27.Please________(notshout)here,thebabyissleeping.28.Weweresurethathe________(canwork)outtheproblem.29.Thesingersaidshe________(notsing)twiceinoneevening.30.Wearesurehewillcometoseeusbeforehe________(leave)Tianjin.31.Look!TheYongPioneers________(pant)treesonthehill.32.MrWang________(notgive)usatalklastMonday.33.They________(play)basketballthistimeyesterday.34.Hesaidthatthey________(clean)theclassroomthenextday.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用35.Weoften________(have)anEnglishpartyonSaturdayevenings.36.He________(joint)thearmyafewyearsago.37.I'lltellhimthenewsassoonashe________(come)back.38.Tomalways________(think)muchofothers,butlittleofhimself.39.MrBlack,togetherwithhisstudents,________(visit)theScienceMuseumnow.40.There________(be)aLeaguemeetingthedayaftertomorrow.41.Mybrother________(be)awayformhomeforthreeyears.42.WhenBlackgottotheclassroom,thefirstclass________(begin).43.Idon'tknowifhe________(come).Ifhe________(come),pleaseletmeknow.44.Tomsaid,"Thispairoftrousers________(be)mine!"45.Thestory________(take)placein1985.46.—Whereisyouruncle?—He________(go)tothebank.47.Iusually________(do)myhomeworkintheevening.48.Ifit________(notrain)tomorrow,theLeaguemembersofclass________(plant)treesaroundthelake?49.I________(finish)myhomeworkbyhalfpasteightlastnight.50.—What'sinthelake?—Someboys________(swim)inthelake.51.TheUSA________(attack)Iraq(伊拉克)inMarch,2003.52.MybrotherlikesEnglishverymuch,andhe________(practice)readingeverymorning.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用动词II67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用典型应用剖析一、动词的被动语态1．主动语态和被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。例如：Wesweptthefloor.我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）Thefloorwasswept.地板被打扫过。（被动语态）2．被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。助动词be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。被动语态的肯定式的结构是：主语+be+过去分词（vt.）+（by+宾语）。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Appletreesaren'tplantedinthesouth.苹果树不种在南方。Thebuildinghasn'tbeencompleted.这座建筑物没有竣工。3）被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）？其答语用yes或no作简单回答。例如：AretheymadeinChina?Yes,theyare.它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。Wasthemuseumbuiltin1993?这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？No,itwasbuiltin1986.不，它是在1986年建成的。4）被动语态的特殊疑问句被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt），其答语要作具体回答。例如：Whatisthemachineusedfor?这台机器用来作什么？Itisusedformakingpaper.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用它是用来造纸的。Wherewerethecarmade?这些小汽车是哪里制造的？TheyweremadeinChina.它们是中国制造的。5）被动语态的八种时态形式被动语态的八种时态（以动词ask为例）：一般时态进行时态完成时态将来时态IamaskedHeSheisaskedItWeYouareaskedTheyIambeingaskedHeSheItWeYouTheyIhavebeenaskedHeSheItWeYouTheyIWeHeSheItYouTheyIwasaskedHeShewasaskedItWeYouwereaskedTheyIwasbeingaskedHeSheItWeYouTheyIhadbeenaskedHeSheItWeYouTheyIWeHeSheItYouThey注意：被动语态没有完成进行时态和将来进行时态。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用初中阶段主要应掌握的被动语态的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时和现在完成时。3．什么时候使用被动语态1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。例如：Themeetingwasheldlastweek.会议上周召开了。Englishistaughtinallmiddleschools.所有中学都开设英语课。2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。例如：Teapotsareusedfordrinking.茶壶是饮水用的。Where'scottonproduced?棉花产于何地？Thebikewasstolenyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午自行车被偷了。4．主动语态变为被动语态的方法1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。3）将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。例如：Peopleuseradiosforlisteningtothenews.（主动）→Radiosareuseforlisteningtothenewsbypeople.（被动）Ipostedaletterlastweek.（主动）→Aletterwaspostedbymelastweek.（被动）注意：在make,let,see,hear,notice,watch,feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。例如：WeheardhersinganEnglishsong.（主动）→ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsongbyus.（被动）5．主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。例如：Theworkersarebuildingaship.（主动语态）→Theshipisbeingbuiltbytheworkers.（被动语态）Ihavefinishedtheexercises.（主动语态）→Theexerciseshavebeenfinishedbyme.（被动语态）2）谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。例如：Isenthimapresent.（主动语态）→Hewassentapresentbyme.（被动语态）Apresentwassenttohimbyme.（被动语态）注意：a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask,answer,teach等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语。例如：Heaskedusalotofquestions.（主动语态）→Wewereaskedalotofquestionsbyhim.b)在主动句中有些动词，如build,buy,choose等变成被动句时，将直接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.（主动语态）→Thenewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.（被动语态）3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：宾语宾补Heleftthedooropen.（主动语态）他让门开着。→Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.（被动语态）门由他打开着。4）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofourbooks.（主动语态）→Ourbooksmustbetakengoodcareof.（被动语态）我们应该保管好我们的书本。我们的书本应保管好。（被动）5）谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.）例如：Wemustfinishitatonce.（主动语态）我们必须马上做完这件事。→Itmustbefinishedatonce（被动语态）这件事必须马上做完。6）带有begoingto结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。结构为：sthbegoingtobedone。例如：Iamgoingtoclosethedoor.（主动语态）我将去关门。→Thedoorisgoingtobeclosed.（被动语态）门将要关上。6．被动语态中应注意的几个问题1）在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：a．have（有）以及和have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态b．不及物动词没有动作的承受者，不能用被动语态。c．主动句的宾语是eachother或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语。d．主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不能变成被动句的主语。3）注意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情况。例如：Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这种布很禁洗。ThemachinemadeinChinasellwellabroad.中国制造的机器在国外畅销。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用二、动词不定式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常前面带有小品词to，动词不定式的基本形式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时也可以省略to。不定式可以有自己的宾语或状语。带有宾语或状语的不定式叫不定式短语。1．不定式在句子中的作用1）作主语67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用例如：Tolearnaaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.学好一门外语不容易。如果不定式（短语）过长，可用形式主语it，而将真正的主语不定式（短语）放在句末。例如：Itisbettertoseeoncethantohearahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。2）作宾语Theyallwantedtoseeyouyesterday.他们昨天都要来看你。3）作表语Toeatistolive，buttoliveisnottoeat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。4）作宾语补足语Hewantsyoutocallhimbackateleven.他要你在十一点给他回电话。Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.我帮他找到他的东西。（help后跟不定式作宾补，可省略to，也可以保留to）注意：在某些复合宾语中，由于谓语动词的要求，我们往往先用it代表示定式，作为形式宾语，而把真实宾语——不定式放在句子的后面。这类动词还有make,think等。例如：Theyfounditimportanttogeteverythingreadyintime.他们发现把一切事情及时准备好很重要。5）作定语作定语的不定式与经所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?你还有什么话要说吗？Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么值得发愁的。6）作状语Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.这个孩子还没到上学年龄。（结果状语）Theyranovertowelcomeus.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用他们跑过来欢迎我们。（目的状语）Tohearthenews,shecried.听到这个消息后，她哭起来了。（原因状语）7）有些动词，如want,like,wish,hope,try,ask,start,learn,agree,teach,decide,understand等，后面可以接连接代词或连接副词加不定式作宾语。例如：Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.没有人能告诉我哪里能找到这本书。Showuswhattodo.告诉我们应该做什么。Idon'tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.我不知道要不要给他回信。3．不定式的时态和语态67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式，主动式和被动式。见下表：主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing1）不定式动作和谓语动作同时发生，这时不定式用进行式。例如：Theyaresaidtobebuildingahouse.据说他们正在建房子。2）不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，这时不定式用完成式。例如：Iamgoadtohaveseenyourmother.见到你的母亲我很高兴。3）不定式有主动式和被动式。不定式的被动式可以用来：a．作主语Itishappyformetobeaskedtospeakhere.被邀请在这里讲话我很高兴。b．作宾语Sheaskedtodosenttoworkinthewesternpartofthecountry.她请求派她去西部地区工作。c．作宾语补足语Hewantedthelettertobewrittenatonce.他让马上把信写好。d．作状语Shewastooyoungtobegivensomuchmoney.她太小，不能把许多钱给她。e．作定语Therearealotoftreestobeplanted.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用有很多树要种。4．不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构由“for/of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”构成。其中名词（或代词宾格）表示不定式动作的执行者，是不定式的逻辑主语。不定式的复合结构在句子中可以作用主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。例如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpus.非常感谢你帮助我们。（主语）Thisisforyoutodecide.这得由你来决定。（表语）IthinkitnecessaryforustostudyEnglishhard.我认为我们努力学英语是必要的。（宾语）Therearealotofdifficultiesforthemtoovercome.有许多困难要他们克服。（定语）Thetextistoolongforustolearnbyheart.课文太长，我们记不住。（状语）67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组单项选择：1.Theno.12bus__________totheTownHallandnottothestation.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.hascomeB.hasbeengoingC.goesD.isgoing2.Don'tusethatpen.It__________smoothly.A.didn'twriteB.don'twriteC.doesn'twriteD.isn'twrite3.Ifit__________,Iwon'tgoforawalk.A.rainsB.willrainC.rainedD.rain4.Thechildisplayingwhilehismother__________dinner.A.cookedB.cooksC.wascookingD.iscooking5.He__________inacottonfactorytheseday.A.isworkingB.worksC.willbeworkingD.hasbeenworking6.Don'tturnoffthelightI__________areportnow.A.havebeenreadingB.readC.amreadingD.haveread7.John__________thefirstpartyinhislifetomorrownight.A.isgivenB.isgivingC.hasgivenD.hasbeengiving8.Myuncle__________toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came9.AtthismomentI__________wehaveagoodchanceofvictory.A.feelB.amfeelingC.feltD.amfelt10.Myunclenever__________ahateveninwinter.A.iswearingB.arebeingwornC.woreD.wears11.BynextDecember,I__________fifty-five.A.willhavetobeB.willhavebeenC.willbebeingD.shallbe12.Lookattheseblackclouds__________.A.It'llrainB.It'sgoingtorainC.It'llberainingD.Itistorain13.Lookout!Thattree__________falldown.A.isgoingtoB.willbeC.shallD.would14."HaveyoureadthebookIgaveyou?"67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用"No,but__________goingtoreaditsoon."A.I'dbeB.I'llbeC.I'vebeenD.I'm15.We__________forShanghaitonight.A.arestartingB.startsC.startedD.havestarted16.Ithinkshe__________rightnow.A.readingB.readsC.isreadingD.read17.Beforelong,he__________allaboutthematter.A.willhaveforgottenB.willforgetC.forgetsD.forgot18.Wedon'tgounlessyou__________soon.A.hadcomeB.cameC.hassaidD.hasbeensaying19.Dobequiet!I'mtryingtohearwhattheman__________.A.saysB.issayingC.hassaidD.hasbeensaying20.Smith__________hisfriendsformoney.A.oftenaskB.isoftenaskingC.oftenasksD.hasbeenasked21.Twelveinches__________onefoot.A.makeB.makesC.ismakingD.willmake22.WhileConnie__________abaseballmatch,hersisteristypewritingaletterinheroffice.A.HaswatchedB.watchesC.iswatchingD.hasbeenwatching23.JamesWatt__________thesteamengineA.wasinventingB.inventedC.hadinventedD.hasinvented24."Thepossibilityofthefloodwasjustreportedovertheradio."67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用"Iknow.Iheardabutit.Theriver__________thetopofitsbank."A.gotB.getC.getsD.hasgot25."Where'syouruncle'shome?"__________inBostoninthepastyears.A.He'slivedB.He'slivingC.HelivesD.Helived26.I__________himalotduringthepasttwoweeks.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.amseeing27.Theycan'tleaveuntilthey__________theirwork.A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.haddone28.Willyoupleaselendmethebookwhenyou__________it?A.willfinishB.havefinishedC.willhavefinishedD.finishing29.Isthatthefirsttimeyou__________Beijing?A.havevisitedB.wouldvisitedC.visitedD.havebeenvisiting30.Shehasworkedinthisfactory__________.A.after1968B.in1968C.since1968D.for196831.__________threeyearssinceileftschool.NowImissmyclassmateverymuch.A.ItwasB.IthavebeenC.ItisD.Ithadbeen32.Myparentshavelivedhere__________.A.since1952B.formanyyearsagoC.manyyeasagoD.since1952ago33.Myparentshavelivedhere__________.A.IthavebeenB.ItisC.ItwasD.Thatis67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用34.Sofar,she__________herholidayverymuch.A.hasn'tenjoyedB.didn'tenjoyC.doesn'tenjoyD.wasnotenjoy35."Yourarmisbleeding！""Yes,I__________itwithaknife."A.hurtB.washurtingC.havejusthurtD.hadhurt36.Hisgrandfather__________forthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied37.Mybrother__________theYouthLeaguefortwoyears.A.hasbeeninB.hasenteredC.hastakenpartD.hasjoined38.Theywillbeastallasyousoon,itthey__________.A.wouldhelpgrowinglikethatB.keeptogrowlikeitC.keepgrowinglikethatD.willkeepgrowinglikethat39.WeusedtogoskiingintheMichiganeverywinter,but__________forthepastfiveseasons.A.Idon'tgoB.Ihaven'tgoneC.I'mnotgoingD.Ididn'tgo40."HaveyoureadthebookIgaveyou?""No,But__________goingtoreaditsoon."A.I'dbeB.I'llbeC.I'vebeenD.I'm41.IwillcomewhenI__________free.A.willbeB.shallbeC.wasD.am42.WhenIarrivedinBirminghamthesun__________.A.hasbeenshiningB.shoneC.hasshoneD.wasshining43.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe__________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hasbeencomingD.comes44."Iheardyoutalkingtosomebodyjustnow.""Oh,I__________tomyself."A.haveonlytalkedB.onlytalk67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用C.wasonlytalkingD.haveonlybeentalking45.Theteacher__________itwasimportanttoknowEnglishgrammar.A.hadalwaysbeensayingB.wasalwayssayingC.hadalwayshadsaidD.wasalwayssaid46.Ashe__________Icouldn'taskhimanything.A.willalreadyleftB.havealreadyleftC.hadalreadyleftD.alreadyleaves47.Bytheendoflastterm,We__________2,500words.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.hasbeenlearnedD.learned48.Whenwegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane__________.A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoffC.wasalreadytakenoffD.wasalreadytakingoff49.AssoonasJohn'smother__________out,hestolesomefood.A.goesB.hadgoneC.wasgoingD.weregoing50.ThesingerhadlivedinCaliforniabeforehe__________university.A.hadbeensentB.hadbeensendingC.wassendingD.wassent67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用51.ThesingerhadlivedinCaliforniabeforehe__________university.A.wouldreturnB.hadreturnC.willreturnD.shouldreturn52.ItwasDecember20.InfivedaysitwouldbeChristmasDay.TheLordMayor,togetherwithoverseasstudents,__________tocelebrateit.A.wasgoingB.willgoC.isgoingD.went53.WhenIreachedthestation,thetrain__________already__________.A.had...leftB.were...leavingC.was...leftD.had....beenleft54.WhileI__________mybreakfastthemorningpostcame.A.hadhadB.hadbeenhavingC.washavingD.havehad55.Byeleveno'clockyesterday,we__________attheairport.A.hadarrivedB.havearrivedC.shallarriveD.arrive56.Iwashungry.I__________nothingallday.A.ateB.hadeatenC.hadbeeneatingD.haveeaten57."Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow."—"Oh,Ithoughtthathe__________today."A.wascomingB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comes58.Ithoughtthathonesty__________thebestpolicy.A.wasB.isC.wereD.been59.WhenIwasatmiddleschool,IknewthatWilliamShakespeare____________in1564.A.wasbornB.hadbeenbornC.isbornD.hasborn60.Heissorichthatbe__________towork.A.hasn'tbeenB.haven'tC.doesn'thaveD.isn'tbeing67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.LiPingoften__________(read)Englishinthemorning.2.__________he__________(clean)thewindowsonceaweek.3.Theworkers__________(have)sportsontheplaygroundnow.4.Howlong__________you__________(stay)therethedaybeforeyesterday.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用5.Who__________(listen)tothemusic?6.WhenI__________(be)amiddleschoolstudent,Ioften__________(sing).7.Hisparents__________(go)totheGreatWalltomorrowmorning.8.__________they__________(study)Japanesenextterm?9.Whattime__________you__________(do)yourhomeworkeveryday.10.Look!Thestudents__________(clean)theclassroom.11.What__________yourafter__________(do)yesterday?—He__________(write)twoletters.12.There__________(be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.13.Myfather__________(leave)forJapantomorrowmorning.14.Tom__________(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.15.__________(be)thereanyhospitalsheretwentyyearsago?16.I__________(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.17.__________there__________(be)anEnglisheveningnextSaturday?18.__________youruncle__________(have)ameetinglastFriday?19.What__________theyoungPioneers__________(do)onthehillnow?20.They__________(notgo)fishingonSunday.21.Howmanyclasses__________you__________(have)everyday.22.It'ssevenintheevening,Tom'sfamily__________(watch)TV.23.He__________(join)thearmyin1985.He__________(be)stillinthearmyhow.24.I__________(visit)myfriendnextSunday.25.Ifitsnowstomorrow,we__________(play)withsnow.26.I__________(make)alotofmistakesinmytestyesterday.27.__________it__________(snow)outsidenow?—No,it__________.28.Where__________they__________(live)?They__________(live)inShanghai.29.Ifit__________(rain)thismorning,wewon'tgoshopping.30.Listen!Who_________（sing）inthenextroom?31.Theteacher_________（notteach）usaChinesesong，he________（teach）usanEnglishsongtwodaysago.32.IfIamfreethisevening，I________（help）youwithyourmaths.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用33.________you________（be）theretomorrow?No，I________.34.Where_________（be）yourparentslastyear?They________（be）inXi'an.35.Why_______they_______（go）tothelibraryafterschoolyesterday?Becausethey_________（want）toborrowsomebooks.36.What_______you_______（do）thesedays?37.Don'tmakeanoise.Grandma_________（sleep）.38.Sometimeshe_________（help）hismotherwiththehousework.39.Pleasewritetousassoonasyou_________（get）there.40.We________（show）theforeignfriendsaroundBeijingwhentheygethere.41.We'llwaittillyou_______（make）upyourmind.42.They______just_______（talk）aboutyou.43.Where_____he______（be）?He_________（be）tothebank.44.______you______（visit）theScienceMuseum?---Yes，I________.45.______she______（tell）youthegoodnews?---No，she_______.46.Howlong_______yourmother_______（teach）Englishinthisschool?---Fortenyears.47.We_______already_______（draw）fivepictures.48.Mygrandson______________（be）illforaweek.49.________thetrain_________（arrive）?---No，notyet.50.Ourphysicsteacher____________________（notcome）toworktoday，becauseheisill.51.Mybrother_________（make）somanyAmericanfriendssincehewenttheretwoyearsago.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用52.She_______（work）inafactoryforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttocollege.53.Mr.Brown_______________（live）inLondonfortenyearsbytheendoflastmonth.54.HowmanyEnglishwords_________you_________（learn）bytheendoflastterm?55.______they_______（pick）alltheapplesbeforethefarmergotthere?56.Ididn'treturnthebooktothelibrary，becauseI_________（notfinish）readingit.57.Theboysaidthathe___________（notbreak）thewindow.58.Jacksaidthathe___________(notgo)overhislessonsyet.59.Johntoldmethathe___________(fly)toJapannextWednesday.60.Didshesaywhenshe___________(be)backtomorrow?61.Theheadmastersaidhe___________(meet)someforeignersatthestationsoon.62.Iwonderedifourteam___________(win)thisevening.63.Hesaidhe___________(notmake)thesamemistakesagain.63.Hesaidhe___________(notmake)thesamemistakesagain.64.We___________(have)ameetingatthattime.65.Tom___________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.66.Didheknowhe___________(have)anEnglishlestthenextday?67.___________yourfather___________(go)toworkbybikeeveryday?68.MrWang___________(teach)usmathssince199069.TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit___________(notrain)nextSunday.70.WhenIgothomemygrandmother___________（make）cakes67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用71.I___________(give)thenotetohimassoonasschoolisover.72.TheEnglishsong___________(teach)nowovertheradio.73.English___________(speak)allovertheworld.74.TheGreatGreenWallmust___________(build)intheworld.75.Canthereport___________（write）inEnglish?76.Themountainwill___________(cover)withthetreesinafewyears.77.Theyoungtreesmust___________(tie)tothesticktokeepitstraight.78.Sofar,manyman-madesatelliteshave___________(send)upintospace.79.English___________(speak)inCanada.80.Tennis___________(invent)ahundredyearsago.81.It___________(snow)hardnow.We'dbetter___________(notgo)homerightnow.82.Theseexercisesmust___________(do)byyourself.83.Ourteachertoldustime___________(be)life.84.We___________(notsee)eachothersincehe___________(leave)here.85.___________youever___________（ride）ahorsebefore?86.MissGreen___________（be）inChinafor6years.87.We___________never___________(be)toHawaii.88.You'dbettertrytogiveup___________(smoke).It'stoobadtoyourhealth.89.Whoisdoingwellin___________(describe)things?90.Haveyoufinished___________(read)thebook?91.Haveyousawsomeone___________(ski)before?92.Canasharkstop___________(swim)?—No,Itcan't93.You'dbettertry___________(do)itbyyourself.94.Thestudentskept___________（talk）aboutthefootballmatch.95.Ihadacomputerlessonsfirst.ThenIwenton___________(have)tennislessons.96.Hehopes___________(see)thefamousfootballplayerassoonaspossible.97.Theboykept___________(ask)strangequestionstohisteacher,itmadetheteacherunhappy.98.Edisonenjoyed___________(try)hisnewideas.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用99.Heaskedme___________(speak)loudly.100.Studentsmuststudyhard___________(make)ourcountrystrong.101.Thepolicemanmadehim___________(stand)intherainforhalfanhour.102.Wouldyoulikesomethingnice___________(eat)103.Ican'tdecidewhichsweater___________(choose)104.Hehasn'tdecidedwhetherchoose(tell)thetruth.105.Hetoldmewhere___________(buy)acomputer.106.Willyouplease___________(nottalk)inthereadingroom.107.Ihavealotofwork___________(do).108.Whynot___________(come)alittleearlier?109.I'msorry___________(hear)that.110.Whendidyoufinish___________(pack)?67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用111.___________(talk)withherisagreatpleasure.112.Englishisnotsoeasy___________(learn)well.113.Whenmakeshim___________(think)Iamascientist.114.Iforgot___________(bring)mytextbookwithme.115.LastnightIheardMike___________(cry)intheroom.116.Myideais___________(have)ameetingatonce.117.Atnight,therobotwatchedhim___________(sleep).ItkneweverythingaboutMr.Mott.118.Inthecountry,hecanhearbirds___________(sing)andsheep___________(bleat)119.Myjobis___________(feed)theanimals.120.Inabout600years,wewillhardlyhaveenoughspace___________(stand)inontheearth.121.Foresthelptokeepwaterfrom___________(run)away.122.Heprinterisusedfor___________(print)documents.123.Heisbusy___________(write)hiscomposition.124.Thefilmisworth___________(see).125.Theypreferto___________(stay)athomeratherthan___________(play)basketball.126.Youropinionisworth___________(consider).127.Edstarts___________(carry)thebag,buttripsoverhisshoes.128.Wearegoingtohavelotsoffun___________(hike)and___________(eat)anewkindfruit.129.Areyougoodat___________(read)maps?130.Maryheardherfather___________(say)hewouldsetoffthenextweek.131.Doyouenjoy___________(live)here?132.Myfatherlikes___________(read)newspaperintheevening.133.Thereisnothing___________(worry)about.134.Acomputertellstherobotwhat___________(do).135.Healwaystellsushow___________(learn)Englishwell.136.Ittookmeaboutanhour___________(go)toworkbybus.137.Theboxistooheavy___________(carry).138.Codyisagooddog.Helikes___________(follow)people.139.Theywant___________(take)somefruitwiththem.140.Myfatheroftentellsme___________(notswim)intheriverbecauseit'sover4metresdeep.141.Annhadnotime___________(open)thesepresents.142.Lettheboy___________(do)itbyhimself.143.WhenIsawhim,hewasbusy___________(read)anew67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用从属连词状语从句重点知识归纳及讲解67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用（一）从属连词从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。1．引导状语从句的从属连词有：1）when,while,before,after,assoonas,until,since等，引导时间状语从句。2）because,as,since等引导原因状语从句。3）if,aslongas等引导条件状语从句。4）though,although引导让步状语从句。5）so…that…,such…that…等引导结果状语从句。6）sothat引导目的状语从句。7）as⋯as⋯；than等引导比较状语从句。2．常用从属连词的辨析1）when,as,whilewhen,as,while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：AsIlooked,someonecamenear.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。）while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：Whilewewerewaitingforabus,itwasraininghearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。）2）till和untiltill和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。例如：Shewon'tgoawaytillyoupromisetohelpher.直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardofnothingwhathappened.直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。3）sincesince引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。例如：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyearssinceheleftschool.从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。（二）状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。例如：Hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.（修饰动词go）昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。Wemuststudysowellasourteacherhoped.（修饰副词well）我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。LucyisyoungerthanJim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）露茜比吉姆年轻。状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。1）时间状语从句67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用时间状语从句由when,while,after,before,since,assoonas,till,until等连词引导。例如：IwenttobedaftertheTVplaywasever.电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。Couldyoulookafterherwhilewe'reaway?我们不在时你能照顾她吗？Shehastaughtinthisschoolsinceshecametothiscityin1989.自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。WaituntilIcomeback.请你等到我回来。注意：如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。例如：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就将写信给你。Itwillgetwarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。2）原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since等连词引导。例如：Hesoldthecarbecauseitwastoosmall.他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。Sinceyouwon'thelpme,Imustdothejobmyself.你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。Asmymotherisawayatthismoment,Ihavetolookaftermyyoungersister.由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用注意：a）because,as,since,for的用法辨析because,as,since,for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。例如：Whywasheabsent?Becausehewasbadlyill.他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。as,since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。例如：Asitisraining,let'sstayashome.因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。例如：I'llfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。b）becauseof也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。例如：Istayedathomebecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好我留在家里。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用3）比较状语从句比较状语从句由than或as来引导。例如：Ifeelbetternowthan(Iwas)before.我现在觉得比以前好了。Hewritesaswellasyou(do).他写得和你一样好。Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatone(is).这道题比那道题难。4）条件状语从句条件状语从句由if,unless（=ifnot）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Ishallgoifheasksme.如果他请我，我就去。Ishan'tgounlessheasksme.除非他请我，否则我是不去的。Ishallgo,whetherheasksmeornot.不管他请不请我，我都要去。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Comewithmeifyouhavetime.如果你有时间请跟我来。IwanttowatchabasketballmatchifI'mwelltonight.如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。例如：Runfasterandyou'llcatchupwithhim.跑快点儿你就会赶上他。=Ifyourunfaster,you'llcatchupwithhim.如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。5）结果状语从句结果状语从句由sothat,so…that引导。例如：Hehaslosthisbikesothathecan'tcometoschoolontime.（结果状语）他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。Yourshirtweresodirtythatyoumustwashit.（结果状语）你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。注意：由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too…to（太…而不能）来替换。例如：Shewassoangrythatshecouldnotsayaword.=Shewastooangrytosayaword.她气得说不出话来。6）让步状语从句让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、eventhough（即使）引导。例如：Though/Althoughhetriedhard,hewasnotsuccessful.他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。Hewentonworkingthoughitwasverylate.虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用注意：1．汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。例如：“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。ThoughIlikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,shedoesn'tletmedoit.Ilikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,butshedoesn'tletmedoit.=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。例如：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Thoughitwascold,yethewentoutwithoutacoat.虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.用when,before,after,until,assoonas,if,as,because,though,than,since,so…that填空:1.Ihaven’theardfromhim_______helefthome.2.Hewas_______tired_______hecouldn’tgoonworking.3.Iwascooking______sheknockedatthedoor.4.Hedidn’tgotobed______hefinishedhishomework.5.Thesoldierssetofftothefront______theyreceivedtheofficer’sorder.6.Shewenttobed_______theTVplaywasover.7.Iwon’tbelieveit_______Ihearwithmyownears.8.Weshouldstrike_______theironishot.9.Takethemedicine_______yougotobed.10.Theycouldn’tsendtheirchildrentoschool_______lifewasveryhardinthosedays.11._______thismethoddoesn’twork,let’stryanother.12.We’releavingforShenzhen_______itisfinetoday.13.Iknewnothingaboutit_______hetoldme.14.Thesingerwas_______pleased_______hecouldn’tsayaword.15.Pleaseworkharder_______allofyoucanpassthefinalexam.16.Armyandpeopleareasinseparable(不可分的)_______fishandwater.17.Theharvestofthisyearismuchbetter______thatoflastyear.18._______thestoryisshortandtherearenonewwordsinit,itisdifficulttounderstand.II.用适当的连词完成改写后的句子,使其与第一个句子意思相同或相近:1.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintimewithoutyourhelp.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintime_______youdon’thelpme.2.Nowshopblowing,andtheglasswillbeclearagain._______younowstopblowing,theglasswillbeclearagain.3.Ifwedon’thurry,we’llbelateforthefilm.Let’shurry,______we’llbelateforthefilm.4.Thegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.Thegirlis______young______shecan’tgotoschool.5.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorninginordertogettoschoolontime.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorning_______shecouldgettoschoolontime.6.Jackhasn’tseenthenewfilm.Ihaven’tseenit,either.______Jack______Ihaveseenthenewfilm.7.WeiHuaisaLeaguemember.HanMeimeiisaLeaguemember,too.______WeiHua______HanMeimeiareLeaguemembers.8.ThelittleboyspeaksEnglishverywell.HespeaksRussianverywell,too.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Thelittleboyspeaks______English______Russianverywell.9.XiaoMingwasbornin1988.WangLinwasbornin1988,too.XiaoMingisjustasold______WangLin.10.MissGaoisverykind.Allthestudentslikeher.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用MissGaois______kind______allthestudentslikeher.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组III.单项选择:1.Weweregettingreadytogoout______itbegantorain.A.whereB.whenC.sinceD.if2.Welovespring______there’rebeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.butB.ifC.thoughD.because3.Theworkwas_______difficult_______ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.too,thatD.too,to4.I’lltellhimtogiveyouacall______hecomesback.A.becauseB.sinceC.assoonasD.but5.---WhydidLiLeiuseapencil?---_______hispenwasbroken.A.BecauseB.WhenC.UntilD.If6.IthinkChineseismorepopular______anyothersubject.A.thanB.forC.asD.then7.WhatdoIhavetodo______Iwanttobethinner?A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.for8.Iwon’tturnoffthelight______you’vefinishedreading.A.whenB.afterC.assoonasD.until9.I’llstudyEnglishandotherobjects_______Ican.A.sohardasB.ashardasC.sohardlyasD.ashardlyas10.Thoughitrainedheavily,_______werestillplayingontheplayground.A.theyB.sotheyC.buttheyD.andthey11.Youshouldfinishyourexercises______yougotobed.A.afterB.beforeC.becauseD.if12.---ArewegoingtoWestHillFarmbybike?---No.Bybus,_______itisquitefarfromhere.A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.because13.Mr.Readhastaughtinthatsmalltown______heleftCanadain1988.A.whenB.afterC.forD.since14.I’m______busygettingreadyforChristmas_______Ihavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neither,nor15.You’lldobetterinEnglish______youworkharder.A.orB.thanC.ifD.before16.Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday______hewasill.A.butB.untilC.ifD.because17.LiHua______inthefactorysincesheleftschooltenyearsago.67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.hadworked18.---I’mgoingtoHangzhouforaholidaythisweekend.---________youarethere,canyoubuymesomegreentea?A.BecauseB.IfC.WhileD.After19.Whatshallwedo______itrainstomorrow?A.soB.ifC.butD.because20.Ifyou______himtomorrow,pleaseaskhimifhe_______toworkonthefarmwithus.A.see,goesB.willsee,goesC.willsee,willgoD.see,willgo21.Theroomis______dirty______wedon’twanttostayhere.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.either,orD.as,as22._______he’sveryyoung,_______heknowsseverallanguages.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.Though,/D.Because,/67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用23.Theywillhaveasportsmeetingifit______tomorrow.A.won’trainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.rains24.Myparentswillgooutforanoutingwithmeifthey______freenextSunday.A.willbeB.areC.haveD.willhave25.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew26.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe______?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive27.We______TVwhenthetelephone________.A.watched,wasringingB.werewatching,rangC.watch,ringsD.arewatching,rang28.Kate______tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening.A.won’tgoB.doesn’tgoC.wentD.didn’tgo29.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound30.Ifyou______heretomorrow,I’llbedelighted.A.comesB.willcomeC.cameD.come67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用宾语从句67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用重点知识归纳及讲解<一>概述1．在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。例如：Hesaidthatheknewyou.他说他认识你。HeaskedmewhyIhadcomehere.他问我为什么来这里。Iaskedhimwhathewanted.我问他要什么。Couldyoutellmeif/whethertheyareallLeaguemembers?你是否能告诉我他们都是团员吗？I’minterestedinwhathehassaid.我对他说的话很感兴趣。2．宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。例如：HesaysthatLilyis(willbe/was)adoctor.他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。I’lltellyouwhatIamdoing(did/shalldo).或将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。在这种复合句中，宾语从句的时态可以有：1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。例如：Ithoughthewasold.我认为他老了。Hewantedtoknowwhoshewaswaitingfor.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用他想知道她在等谁。2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。例如：Hesaidthathefinishedreadingthebook.他说他看完了这本书。3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。例如：67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Shesaidthatshewasgoingtobuyanewbikenextweek.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。Iwasn’tsureifitwouldrain.我没有把握是否会下雨。4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如：Theteachertoldusthemoontravelsroundtheearth.老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。<二>初中阶段学习的宾语从句在带宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句前面一般要有连词（有的可省略）引导。由that引出的宾语从句相当于陈述句；由whether/if引出的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句；由连接代词或连接副词引出的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。但应该注意的是它们的语序都是陈述句语序。主句是陈述句时，句末不用问号。1．由从属述连词that引导的宾语从句。在口语和新正式文体中常省略that。例如：Hesaid(that)hewouldbeback.他说他将回来。Weknew(that)hehadmadeamistake.我们知道他犯了一个错误。在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。例如：IamsurethatIhavepostedtheletter.我的确把那封信寄了。Iamafraidthatyouareright.恐怕你是对的。2．由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，例如：Didyouasktheteacherwhenwewouldhaveatest?你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？Doyouknowwhosechildheis?你知道他是谁的孩子吗？Ican’tfindoutwhythemachinedoesn’tworkwell.我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。Doyourememberwhattheteachersaidattheclassmeetingyesterday.你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗？Couldyoutellmehowlongitwilltakemetogettothehospitalfromhere?你能告诉我从这里到医院需要多长时间吗？Iwanttoknowwhichmedicinehehastaken.我要知道他服了哪种药。Pleasetellmewhocalledmejustnow.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用Idon’tknowwhomtheyarespeakingto.67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。Heaskedmewheretheywereborn.他问我他们出生在哪里。Doyourememberhowmuchyoupaidforthecoat?你记得你买这件外衣付了多少钱吗？3．由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，在口语中常用if。例如：Idon’tknowwhether/ifthisbikeishers.我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。Canyoutellmewhether/ifyourfatherjoinedthePartyin1990?你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？<三>宾语从句应掌握的要点1．在三种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2．在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。1）当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。2）当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。3）从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。4）在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。Idon’tbelieveshewilltakepartintheEnglishevening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用三、随堂监测A组I.选择填空:1.Didyouhear______?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay2.Canyoutellme________?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass3.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation4.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent5.Tomaskedme________.A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas6.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstationC.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis7.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive8.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whereishelivingD.helivesthere67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用9.---Canyoutellme______?---Yes,helivesinasmalltown.A.wherehelivesB.whoissingingC.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid10.Haveyoudecided______forLondon?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleaveC.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing11.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______ourtickets?A.wheredoweshowB.whereshallweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow12.---Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?---Weareallinterestedin______.A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.howeggfriesD.howdoeseggfry13.Doyouknow_______?A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenameisit14.Doyouknow_______?67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用A.whosebookisthisB.whosebookthisisC.thisbookiswhoseD.who’sbookthisis15.Idon’tknow______now.A.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat16.Doesheknow______?A.what’syournameB.whatnameisyourC.whatyourisnameD.whatyournameis17.Doyouknow______?A.whichfloorhelivesB.whichfloorhelivesonC.helivesonwhichfloorD.whichfloordoesheliveson18.Canyoutellmewhere_______?A.isthehospitalB.thehospitalisC.ishospitalD.hospitalis19.Hehasn’tdecided_______.A.ifhe’llgoonatriptoWuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxiC.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi20.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用四、随堂监测B组中考题集：1.---WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork?---Pardon?---Iasked_______.A.whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYorkB.whentheShutesareleavingforNewYorkC.whenweretheShutesleavingforNewYorkD.whentheShuteswereleavingforNewYork2.Couldyoutellme______?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellhim.A.whereisLiHongB.whereLiHongisC.wherewasLiHongD.whereLiHonghasbeento3.---Couldyoutellme_______?A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalB.whenisThanksgivingC.whichanimaldoeshelikebestD.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart4.Iwanttoknow_______.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用5.Heaskedme________.A.ifshewillcomeB.howmanybooksIwanttohaveC.theywouldhelpusdoitD.whatwaswrongwithme6.Doyoustillremember______atthemeeting?A.thatJimsaidB.whatJimsaidC.didJimsaidthatD.whatdidJimsaid7.---Excuseme,______tothenearestbookshop,please?---Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayisC.whereisthewayD.whichistheway8.Mike,goandseewho______footballontheplayground.A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.wereplaying9.Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat______inherhometownwhileshewasaway.A.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappened10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11.---Ihearwe’llhaveanewteacherthisterm.---Really?Doyouknow______?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteachesD.whatsubjectishegoingtoteach12.Heaskedhisteacher_______.A.iftherewasamonsterinLochNessB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用C.howwouldthescientistsfindouttheresultD.wherecouldhefindthelibrary13.Doyouknow______overthere?A.whathappensB.whatwashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatdidhappen14.---Doyouknow______wewillarriveatyourhometown?---Thisafternoon.A.whenB.whyC.ifD.where15.Couldyoutellme______toMountPutuotomorrow?A.howyouwillgoB.howwillyougoC.howyouhavegoneD.howhaveyougone16.Couldyoutellme______?A.whichroomhelivesB.whichroomhelivedC.whichroomdidheliveinD.whichroomhelivesin17.---Doyouknow______heis?---Hesays“1.75metres”,butI’mnotsure.A.howmanyB.howoldC.howfarD.howtall18.Shesaidshe_______mefivelettersinonemonth.A.haswrittenB.willwriteC.hadwrittenD.wrote19.Canyoutellme______sheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which20.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether21.---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid,David?---Yes,mum.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if22.I’dliketoknow______.A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening23.Couldyoutellme_______?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationisD.whywereyoulate24.---Doyouknow_______?I’mgoingtoseehim.---Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.Lilive67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用C.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived25.Heaskedme______.A.whodidkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherewillthe2008Olympicsbeheld26.Shewantedtoknow_____hermotherlikedthepresent.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.what27.Couldyoutellme_______?A.whoissheB.where’sthenearestfastrestaurantC.ifhewillcometomorrowD.whichwayistotheundergroundstation28.Doyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comes67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用C.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome29.---Canyoutellmewhy______?---BecauseIwanttohelpthepeoplethere.A.doyougotoTibetB.didyougotoTibetC.areyougoingtoTibetD.youaregoingtoTibet30.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere______.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom31.Youmustremember_______.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid32.Lilylikes_____.A.whathertwinsisterlikeB.whathertwinsisterdoesC.whatishertwinsisterlikeD.whatdoeshertwinsisterdo33.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______gettotheplane?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.A.howcanweB.howwecanC.whencanweD.whenwecan34.Doyouknowwhattime_______?A.doesthetrainleaveB.leavesthetrainC.thetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves35.---Idon’tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus?---HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用语法练习答案67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用名词A组I.1.houses2.villages3.maps4.oranges5.bags6.exercises7.brushes8.families9.buses10.cities11.boxes12.babies13.classes14.factories15.glasses16.dictionaries17.watches18.women19.matches20.men21.wishes22.Germans23.tomatoes24.policemen25.kilos26.humans27.potatoes28.Chinese29.shelves30.Japanese31.leaves32.Americans33.lives34.teeth35.wives36.feet37.knives38.sheep39.halves40.childrenII.1.agroupofchildren2.twoboxesofapples3.threebasketsofvegetables4.ninepiecesofbread5.tenglassesofmilk6.fivepiecesofmeat7.manykindsofplants8.apairofglasses9.twopiecesofice10.threepiecesofpaper11.fourbottlesoforangejuice12.fivecupsoftea13.sixbowlsofrice14.sevenbagsofrice15.eightpiecesofwood16.ninepiecesofmedalIII.1.worker2.teacher3.singer4.illness5.fighter6.invention/inventor7.waiter8.wool9.winner10.thanks11.foreigner12.cloud13.runner14.dirt15.visitor16.fun17.wood18.medicine19.operation20.heat21.invitation22.worry23.builder/building24.pleasant25.help26.safety27.death28.danger29.drawing30.noiseB组IV.1—5AABDB6—10CCADB11—15CCBAB16—20DBDDA21—25CBBCA26—30BCCBA31—35CADCD36—40DCBCDV.1—5BACAA6—10ABADC11—15ACDBA冠词A组I.1.an,a2.the,/3.A,a4.the,/,a5.a6.a7./,an8.an,the9.a,the,The10.the,the,the,the11.The,the12.the,the,the13.The,the14.The15.a,the16.the17.the,the18./,/,/19.The,the20./,theII.1—5ACAAC6—10ACBCA11—15BABBA16—20AABCBB组III.1—5DCDAC6—10ACBDB11—15CACAB16—20DCBBA21—25CBBBC26—28DCD代词A组I.1—5CDCAC6—10DABDD11—15ACCAB16—20ABCAA21—25CCDDC26—30BAABC31—35BBBCA36—40ADDBCB组II.1—5BCDDB6—10DCADB11—15BDBBB16—20DBADA21—25BCCBA26—30BCCAD67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用数词五、参考答案I.1.first2.second3.third4.fifth5.eighth6.ninth7.twelfth8.twentieth9.thirty-first10.forty-fourth11.fifty-seventhII.1.Lesson12/theTwelfthLesson2.Room3043.halfanhour4.threetimesaday5.page256.1990s/theninetiesofthetwentiethcentury7.theNo.4bus8.TheNo.15MiddleSchool9.the21stcentury10.twoandahalfkilos/twokilosandahalf11.aquartertothree12.BookTwo13.inhisfifties14.ClassEight,GradeTwo15.tenforty-five16.Unit1517.Lesson13,Book318.athird/onethird19.threehundreddollars20.March22nd,1994III.1—5CDADD6—10ADABC11—15BBACCIV.1—5CCCCB6—10ABBBD11—15CBDCC16—20DBABA动词（I）五、参考答案A组I．1-5CDAAA6-10DCDBB11-15ADCCD16-20CDCBC21-25CCDDD26-30CBBCB31-36CCACBCB组II．1.visited2.hasmade3.isgoing4.sleeps5.inraining6.does7.isleaving8.arrived9.weretalking10.havelearned11.had,started12.works13.isblowing14.haven'tfinished158.mustbesent16.hadplanted17.wasplaying18.see19.hasgone20.Do,get21.hadbeenon22.travels23.has,learned24.moves25.wouldgive26.willplant/aregoingtoplant27.don'tshout28.couldwork29.wouldn'tsing30.leaves31.areplanting32.didn'tgive33.wereplaying34.wouldclean35.have36.joined37.comes38.thinks39.isvisiting40.willbe41.hasbeen42.hadbegun43.willcome44.is45.took46.hasgone47.do48.doesn'train,willplant49.hadfinished50.areswimming51.attacked52.practices动词II五、参考答案A组1—5CCADA6—10CBBAD11—15DBADA16—20CBDBC21—25BCBDA26—30BCBCC31—35CABAC36—40CACBD67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用41—45DDBCB46—50CAABD51—55AAACA56—60BABACB组1.reads2.Does,clean3.arehaving4.did,stay5.islistening6.was,sang7.willgo8.Will,study9.do,do10.arecleaning11.did,do,wrote12.willbe13.isleaving14.doesn'tlisten15.Were16.willcome/iscoming17.Will,be18.Did,have19.are,doing20.don'tgo21.do,have22.arewatching23.joined,is24.willvisit25.willplay26.made27.Is,snowing28.do,live,live29.rains30.issinging31.hasn'ttaught32.willhelp33.Will,be34.were,were35.did,go36.are,doing37.issleeping38.helps39.get40.willshow41.make42.havetalked43.has,been44.Have,visited,have45.Has,told,hasn't46.have,drawn48.hasbeen49.Has,arrived50.hasn'tcome51.hasmade52.hadworked53.hadlived54.had,learned55.Hadpicked56.hadn'tfinished57.hadn't58.hadn'tgone59.wouldfly60.wouldbe61.wouldmeet62.wouldwin63.wouldn'tmake64.werehaving65.didn'thave66.wouldhave67.Does,go68.hastaught69.doesn'train70.wasmaking71.willgive72.willgive73.isspoken74.bebuilt75.bewritten76.becovered77.betied78.beensent79.isspoken80.wasinvented81.issnowing,notgo82.bedone83.is84.haven'tseen,left85.Have,ridden86.hasbeen87.have,been88.smoking89.describing90.reading91.ski92.swimming93.todo94.talking95.tohave96.tosee97.asking98.trying99.tospeak67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用100.tomake101.stand102toeat103.tochoose104.totell105.tobuy106.nottalk107.todo108.come109.tohear110.packing111.Talking112.tolearn113.think114.tobring115.cry116.tohave117.sleep118.singing119.tofeed120.tostand121.running122.printing123.writing124.seeing125.stay,play126.considering127.tocarry128.hiking,eating129.reading130.saying131.living132.reading133.toworry134.todo135.tolearn136.togo137.tocarry138.following139.totake140.nottoswim141.toopen142.do143.reading67春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用从属连词状语从句A组I.1.since2.so,that3.when4.until5.assoonas6.after7.until8.while9.before10.because11.Since12.if13.until14.so,that15.so,that16.as17.than18.ThoughII.1.if2.If3.or4.so,that5.sothat6.Neither,nor7.Both,and8.both,and9.as10.so,thatB组III.1—5ACCDA6—10BBBDB11—15BDDCC16—20DCCBD21—25ACCBC26—30CBDBD宾语从句I.1—5BADDB6—10DCBAB11—15DAABC16—20DBBAAII.1—5DBADD6—10BDABC11—15CACAA16—20DDCCD21—25ADCCC26—30CCCDB31—35ABBDA67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67\n春笋教育中心-----沈阳专用67\n中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料WWW.ZXXK.COM上中学学科网，下精品学科资料中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料WWW.ZXXK:COM版权所有@中学学科网