初中英语词汇辨析 14页

初中英语词汇辨析1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2.incident,accidentincident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.3.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents4.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.5.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.8.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.9.weather,climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.10.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.11.course,subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse12.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect.15.class,lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…17.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer18.work,job\n二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers20.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.21.cook,cookercook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.24.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用25.man,amanman人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.27.telegram,telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29.sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.30.price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.31.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.35.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.36.foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.\n37.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwordsinaword总之，一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会46.gotosea,bysea,bytheseagotosea当海员，出航，bysea乘船，由海路，bythesea在海边gobysea47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris48.inoffice,intheofficeinoffice在职的，intheoffice在办公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.49.inbed,onthebedinbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.50.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.52.onfire,onthefireonfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53.outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的54.asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bythedaybyday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.\n57.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…59.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.60.anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent64.notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.66.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful67.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethannomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过69.majority,mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself.71.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.72.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.73.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly74.high,highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof75.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise\n76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.77.gold,goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfishagoldring78.most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…79.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman80.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders81.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory82.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86.close,closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose87.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy88.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.89.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.91.able,capableable与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…92.almost,nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody93.late,latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.94.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,\nlive均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive95.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.96.deep,deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)98.worth,worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.99.bad,badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobadIneedthebookbadly.100.beforelong,longbeforebeforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong101.quite,ratherquite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible102.happy,gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl103.instead,insteadofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.104.toomuch,muchtootoomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy105.beaboutto,begoingto,betodobeaboutto表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，begoingto侧重打算，想法，betodo侧重意志，计划，安排I'mtomeethim.(含双方事先约好的意思)106.raise,riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.107.bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk108.spend,take,pay,costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱109.join,joinin,takepartinjoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型的活动,joinsb.in；takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.110.learn,studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究studytheproblem111.want,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.112.discover,invent,findout\ndiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.113.answer,replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter114.leave,leaveforleave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.115.rob,stealrob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.116.shoot,shootatshoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.117.drop,falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.118.search,searchforsearch后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.119.usedto,beusedtousedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.120.win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem121.liveon,livebyliveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing122.beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings123.meet,meetwithmeet遇到，meetwith体验到，遭遇到meetwithanaccident124.lose,misslose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance125.betiredof,betiredwith/frombetiredof厌烦…，betiredwith/from因为…而累了betiredwith/fromrunning800meters126.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.127.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.128.changefor,changeintochangefor调换成，changeinto变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.129.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.130.feed,raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamily\n131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病132.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars133.insiston,sticktoinsiston坚持要求，后常接doing,stickto坚持,后常接sth.sticktotheplan134.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather135.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps136.meantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味着BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.137.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold138.payfor,payback,payoffpayfor为…付钱，payback还钱，但不一定还清，payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt139.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehouses140.arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing141.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing142.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.143.choose,selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer144.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan147.throwto,throwat　　throwto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.148.receive,accept\nreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.149.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.150.listen,hear　　listen强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.151.look,see,watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watchTV152.lie,lay　　lie躺，位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook153.workas,actasworkas工作是…，actas充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色Heworksasateacher.Heactsasaninterpreter.154.move,removemove动一动，但不一定移走，remove从一处移到另一处removethetabletothekitchen155.hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.156.turn,get,growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turnyellow,gettired,growbig157.close,shut,turnoffclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turnoff用于指有开关的物体Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.158.setout,setabout,setoff指出发，着手解时，setout后接todo，setabout后接doing,setoff后接forsp.159.begin,startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stopClassbeginsat7:30a.m.160.happen,takeplacehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，takeplace必然性的发生Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.161.at,in(表地点)　　at小地点，in大地点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai162.atwork,inwork　　atwork在工作，在上班，inwork有职业，有工作Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.163.increaseto,increasebyincreaseto增长到…，increaseby增长了…Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.164.atease,withease　　atease舒适地，安逸地；withease容易地，无困难地doitwithease165.dayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日复一日（无变化）；daybyday一天天地（有变化）Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.166.like,as　　like相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)167.after,in(表时间)　　after接时间点，in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes168.between,amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三者以上之间SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.\n169.after,behind(表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.170.since,for(完成时间状语)since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间forthreeyears,since3:00171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物体表面的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，atthecorner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）onthecornerofthetable172.warnsb.of,warnsb.againstwarnsb.of提醒某人注意某事，warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartoftheriver173.atpeace,inpeace　　atpeace平静地，inpeace和平地liveinpeacewithone'sneighbors174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearthonearth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里nouseonearth175.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurpriseinsurprise惊奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使…惊慌Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.176.intheair,ontheair,intheskyintheair正在酝酿中，ontheair播送，广播，inthesky在天空中Hisshowisontheairat6:00tonight.177.inthefield,onthefieldinthefield在野外，onthefield在战场上Helosthislifeonthefield.178.inthemarket,onthemarketinthemarket表示场所或地点，在市场上，onthemarket出售Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.179.inthesun,underthesuninthesun在阳光下，underthesun地球上，全世界peopleunderthesun180.inavoice,withonevoiceinavoice出声地，withonevoice异口同声地Theyrefusedwithonevoice.181.through,across　　through穿越空间，across在…上穿过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert182.ontheway,inthewayontheway在前往…的路上，intheway挡路Thechairisintheway.183.above,on,over　　above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方flyoverthehill184.until,not…untiluntil到…为止，not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.185.besides,except,exceptforbesides除了…还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），exceptfor整体…除了某一点以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.186.whether,if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用ifIdon't\nknowif/whetherhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I'llletyouknow.187.and,orand并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.Hurryuporyou'llmissthebus.188.because,since,as,for原因由强到弱为：because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下：1)…because…2)Since/as…,…3)…,for…SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.189.when,as,while(表时间)when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，while从句动词为持续性动词WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.190.thesame…as,thesame…thatthesame…as和…一样的（相似但不同一），thesame…that同一物体ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.(同一支笔)191.aswell,aswellasaswell也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又；aswellas并列连词，不但…而且…Heisaprofessor,andawriteraswell.192.such…as,such…thatsuch…as像…样的，such…that如此…以至于Heisnotsuchafoolashelookslike.Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.193.because,becauseofbecause连词，连接两句话，becauseof介词短语，后接词或短语Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.194.inorderthat,inorderto表目的，inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接动词原形Igotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.195.forexample,suchasforexample一般只列举一个，suchas列举多个例子IhavebeentoalotofAmericancities,suchasNewYork,AtlantaandChicago.196.usedto,would表过去常常，和现在相对应用usedto，不提现在用wouldIusedtogetupearly,butnowIdon't.197.Allright.That'sallright.That'sright.Allright.That'sallright.当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用That'sallright.That'sright.那是对的---Sorry.---That'sallright.198.such…that,so…that当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有many,much,little,few修饰用so…that，不用suchthatsomanypeoplethat…suchalovelyboy=solovelyaboy199.so+be(have,can,do)+主语，neither(nor)+be(have,can,do)+主语也一样，肯定用so…否定用neither(nor)---Ican'tplaytennis.---NorcanI.200.ShallI…?Willyou…?　　ShallI…?征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？Willyou…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？Willyouhelpme?Yes,Iwill.201.maybe,probably,perhaps\n“可能,也许,或许”,表示说话人的猜测.maybe一般用于句首或句末.perhaps常用于句首或句中.probably一般用于句中,不用于句首.但,probably比perhaps或maybe表达的可能性大一些.eg:Maybe/PerhapsI’mwrong.或许我错了.(也可能没错)I’mprobablywrong.我很有可能错了.I’mperhapswrong.我也许错了.(也可能没错)另外,表示“可能,也许”还可以用情态动词may表达.eg:Maybeheisright.=Hemayberight.他也许是对的.Perhapsthey’llgoonapicnicthisSunday.=TheymaygoonapicnicthisSunday.他们也许这个周日去野餐.202.few,afew,little,alittle1.few,afew修饰可数名词.little,alittle修饰不可数名词.Eg:Thereareafewmistakesinmycomposition.我的作文里有几处错误.Thereislittlewaterintheglass.杯子里几乎没有水了.2.few和little的含义是否定的.表示“很少”或“几乎没有”.afew和alittle的含义是肯定的.表示“少数几个”或“有一点儿”．eg:I’mnewhere,soIknowfewfriends.我是新来的,所以朋友很少.We’vejustborrowedafewbooksaboutOlympicGames.我们刚刚借了几本关于奥运会的书.There’slittletimetothinkaboutit.没有时间考虑了.Ionlyhadalittleporridgeforlunchtoday.我中午只喝了一点儿粥.3.当有only,quite等词时,只能用afew和alittle.Wecanseeonlyafewtreesthere.我在那儿只能看见几棵树.Thereisonlyalittlebreadinthefridge.冰箱里只有一点儿面包了.注:quiteafew=many表示数量很多.Eg:ImadequiteafewfriendswhenIwasinBeijing.我在北京时,交了许多朋友.203.each,every都是“每个”的意思,后面接可数名词.可以通用,但二者又有不同.1.each强调个体,every着重强调整体.Eg:Eachstudenthasgotanewdictionary.每个学生各有一本新词典.Everystudenthasgotanewdictionary.每个学生都有一本新词典.(在这里everystudent相当于allthestudents)2.each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物.every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物.Theresometreesoneachsideofthestreet.街道的每一侧都有一些树.(eachside=bothsides,each在本句中不能用every代替)Youlookmorebeautifuleach/everytimeIseeyou.我每次看到你,你都看起来更漂亮.3.each还可以作代词,eachof+复数名词或代词,谓语动词仍用单数.但every不能这样用.every是形容词.Eachofthestudentshasgotanewbook.=Everyoneofthestudentshasgotanewbook.每个学生各有一本新书.\nEachofthemlikeslightmusic.=Everyoneofthemlikeslightmusic.他们每个人都喜欢轻音乐.注:以上两句还可以这样表达:Thestudentseachhavegotanewbook.或Thestudentshavegotanewbookeach.Theyeachlikelightmusic.或Theylikelightmusiceach.204.when,while和as1.when可以表示一段时间,从句中的谓语动词用延续性的动词,此时可用while替换.When/Whiletheywereswimmingintheriver,itsuddenlybegantorain.当他们在河里游泳时,天突然下雨了.When还可以指一个时间很短的动作发生时,另一个动作或情况也在发生或存在.从句中的谓语动词用非延续性的动词.这时,不能用while替换.但可以用as.Motherwaswateringthegardenwhen/ascamehomeyesterday.昨天,我回家时,妈妈在花园浇花儿.2.while表示一段时间或一段过程.相当于duringthetime强调主从句的动作同时发生.从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词.这时可以用when或as替换.WhileweweretalkinghappilyLilyhurriedin.正当我们高兴地交谈时,莉莉匆匆忙忙地进来了.注:while还可以表示两个同类的动作进行对比.意思是“而”.Mr.KinglikescountrylifewhileMrs.Kinglikescitylife.金先生喜欢乡村生活,而金夫人喜欢城市生活.3.as强调主从句的动作同时发生,尤其指短时间的动作同时发生.AsIgettingonthebus,Iheardsomeonecallingmyname.正当我要上车时,听见有人在叫我的名字.205.after,behind1)这两个词都可表示时间或地点。after表示时间，表示在一点或一段时间之后，常用于一般过去时。在表示地点时，它表示次序，意为"在……后面"。如：Hecamebackafter6o'clock.他六点钟以后回来。Hewentaftertwohours.他两小时以后走了。Afteryou!你先请。Weenteredoneafteranother.我们依次进入。2)behind表示时间时，指迟于既定的时间；表示地点时，强调位置的后面。如：Thetrainistenminutesbehindtime.火车晚点十分钟。Heisstandingbehindme.他站在我的后面。注意：runafter追捕；runbehind跑在……后。206.ago,beforeago和before的区别是：ago立足于现在，表示从现在起，若干时间之前；before立足过去，表示从过去某一时刻起，若干时间以前。ago通常与一般过去时连用，不能与完成时连用；before通常与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。ago必须与别的表示时间的词连用;before可以单独使用.Imethimthreeyearsago.（距今）三年前，我遇到他。\nIhadmethimthreeyearsbefore.（距当时）三年前我见到他一次。Haveyoufoundthebook？Yes,I_____itfiveminutes_____．A.havefound,beforeB.found,beforeC.hasfound,agoD.found,ago207.all,wholewhole和all的用法及区别：这两个词意思相近。但与限定词和名词连用时，它们的词序各不相同。试比较：“all+限定词+名词”“限定词+whole+名词”1)all与whole都可以和单数名词连用。例如：①Maryspentallthesummerathome.玛丽整个夏天都是在家里度过的。也可以说成：②Maryspentthewholesummerathome.③allmylife我的一生=mywholelife2)all通常与不可数物质名词连用，而whole则不能。例如：正：Janehasdrunkallthemilk.误：Janehasdrunkthewholemilk.Youcaneasilyspendawholedaythere.(whole多与可数名词连用)▲但有些抽象名词前可用whole。例如：Canyoutellmethewholetruth？(=Canyoutellmeallthetruth?)208.quickly,fast,soon这三个单词的汉语都有"快"之意。fast侧重于运动着动作速度之快；quickly指动作反映敏捷、或完成得快，具有即刻行动，毫不耽搁之意义；soon指（时间上）不久的将来将发生某个动作或某种情况。如：Heranfast.他跑得很快。Hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.他迅速爬起来，继续跑。Theshowbegansoonafterthedinne.表演在晚餐后很快就开始了。