初中英语冠词讲与练 3页

初中英语冠词讲与练|冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（theDefiniteArticle），另一种是不定冠词（theIndefiniteArticle），还有一种是零冠词（ZeroArticle）。不定冠词的用法不定冠词a（an）与数词one同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。1）表示“一个”，意为one；但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.2）代表人或物的一类。Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.3）有“每一”的意思。IsendheranEmailonceaweek.4）有“又一”的意思。Itriedathirdtime,butstillIgotnothing.5）词组或成语。alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/agreatmany/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西(即“特指”)，这是定冠词的基本。Thebookonthedeskismine.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I’vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物：如：thedollar美元；thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人；theliving生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive？Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师）Theyareteachersofthisschool.（指部分教师）7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm……　她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeople’sRepublicofChina　中华人民共和国theUnitedStates　美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens　格林一家人（或格林夫妇）11）用在惯用语中：intheday，inthemorning（afternoon，evening），thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday，thenextmorning，intherain，inthedistance，inthemiddle（of），intheend，bytheway，gotothetheatre零冠词的用法1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；Theyareteachers.他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。\n7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；如：havebreakfast，playchess8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Ican’twritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；gotohospital　去医院看病gotothehospital　去医院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）11）不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词：Hecamefirstintherace.c.在固定词组中：at（the）first，firstofall，fromfirsttolast练习（冠词数词）1.Ittakesus_________hourormoretogotomyhometownby_________train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/2.–Inwhichclassis_________boyinwhite?--He’sinClass4.A.theB.anC.anD./3.–Bytheway,haveyougot_________E-mailaddress?--Ohyes,it’srggren@hotmail.com.A.theB.anC.aD./4.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin________westpartofourcountry________nextyear.A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/5.Canyousee_________sunintheday-time?A.aB.theC.anD./6.Thesingerusuallysingswhileplaying________guitar.A.aB.anC.theD./7.I’vegotinformationforallthecomputersnow.A.aB.anC.theD./8.Itwouldbe________wasteofmoneytobuysuchasmalldictionary.A.aB.anC.theD./9.________goodnewswe’regot!A.WhataB.HowaC.WhatD.How10.Becauseoftheunhealthydiet,manypeopleinAfricadieat_______earlyagefromterribleillnesses.A.theB./C.aD.an11.Idon’tthinkmenandwomenareequalin_________countrysideatpresent.A.theB./C.aD.an12.There’s_________umbrellabehindthedoor.A.theB./C.aD.an13.________wenttoJapanyesterday.A.TheWhite’sB.TheWhitesC.TheWhiteD.TheWhitefamily14.JohnSmithworksin________bighospitalinHangzhou.A.theB./C.aD.an15.Severalyearslater,John’sauntmade________secondtriptoChina.A.theB.oneC.aD.an16.–Mary,it’sgoingtorain.Bettertake________raincoatwithyou.--Well,butIcan’tfind________raincoatIputyesterday.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the17.Look,thepolice________coming.A.isB.wereC.areD.was18.Sincetastingtheexcitementof_____bigcitylife,sheneverwantstolivein_____countryagain.   A.the,the        B.∕，∕     C.the,∕         D.∕，the19.Theoperationis_____successandthepatientisnowoutof_____danger.   A.a,the          B.a,∕      C.∕,the        D.∕，∕20.As_____writer,hewas_____completefailure.   A.a,a              B.a,the         C.∕，∕            D.a,∕21.Howstrange!Theseyearsmybirthdayalwaysfalls_____.   A.ontheSunday         B.onaSunday     C.onSunday          D.ataSunday\n22.Thisis_____bestkindof_____penyoucangethere.   A.the,the         B.the,a          C.the,∕            D.a,the23.Hespenttoomuchtimetalkingon______phonewhilewewereallbusyat_____work.   A.the,∕      B.a,∕         C.∕,∕          D.the,the24.Theeducationof______youngisalways______hotandserioustopic.   A.∕,∕         B.the,a         C.∕,the           D.the,∕25.Themarketfor______usedcomputersisgettinglargerandlargeras______yearsgoon.   A.∕,∕       B.the,∕       C.the,the               D.∕,the26.“CharleyOakley,______NBAAll-star,hasn’tmissed______gameinthepastthreeyears.”“Icanhardlybelieveit.”   A.an;the          B.a;the           C.the;a              D.an;a27.Thecakesaredelicious.I’dliketohave_______thirdoneas_______secondoneIatewastoosmall.A.the,the             B.a,the           C.the,a          D.a,a28.—Didyouhappentosee_______blackand_______whitecat?   —Aretheymissing?Itoldyoutotakecareofthem.   A.a;∕           B.the;∕          C.the;the              D.a;the29.JackBoothisa_______man.A.21-years-oldB.21yearsoldC.21-year-oldD.21yearold30.I’velivedhereforabout_______.A.twoandahalfyearB.twoandahalfyearsC.twoyearandahalfD.twoyearsandhalf31.Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room32.Thereare________peopleinthefactorynow.A.thousandofB.twothousandsC.thousandsofD.thousand33.Thefilmstarisgoingtospend________dollarsonanewdressforthecomingparty.A.threethousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.threethousandsof34.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred35.Ifyouwantaticketforaround-trip,sir,you’llhavetopay________$8o.A.anotherB.otherC.eachD.more36.Theplaceisnotinterestingatall.________ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some37.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya________one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./38.Iheardthesportsmeetinghasbeenputoffuntil_______,hasn’tit?A.the3and4B.the3thand4thC.the3rdand4thD.fourandfive39._______oftheearth_______madeupofoceans.A.Two-third;isB.Two-thirds;isC.Two-third;areD.Two-thirds;are