初中英语语法从属从句 10页

初中英语语法-从属连词&状语从句及练习重点知识归纳及讲解（一）从属连词：从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。1．引导状语从句的从属连词有：1）when,while,before,after,assoonas,until,since等，引导时间状语从句。2）because,as,since等引导原因状语从句。3）if,aslongas等引导条件状语从句。4）though,although引导让步状语从句。5）so…that…,such…that…等引导结果状语从句。6）sothat引导目的状语从句。7）as⋯as⋯；than等引导比较状语从句。2．常用从属连词的辨析1）when,as,whilewhen,as,while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：AsIlooked,someonecamenear.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。）while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：Whilewewerewaitingforabus,itwasraininghearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n2）till和until：till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。例如：Shewon'tgoawaytillyoupromisetohelpher.直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardofnothingwhathappened.直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。3）since：since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。例如：Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyearssinceheleftschool.从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。（二）状语从句：修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。例如：Hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.（修饰动词go）昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。Wemuststudysowellasourteacherhoped.（修饰副词well）我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。LucyisyoungerthanJim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）露茜比吉姆年轻。状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。1）时间状语从句：时间状语从句由when,while,after,before,since,assoonas,till,until等连词引导。例如：IwenttobedaftertheTVplaywasever.电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。Couldyoulookafterherwhilewe'reaway?我们不在时你能照顾她吗？Shehastaughtinthisschoolsinceshecametothiscityin1989.自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。WaituntilIcomeback.请你等到我回来。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n注意：如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。例如：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就将写信给你。Itwillgetwarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。2）原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since等连词引导。例如：Hesoldthecarbecauseitwastoosmall.他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。Sinceyouwon'thelpme,Imustdothejobmyself.你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。Asmymotherisawayatthismoment,Ihavetolookaftermyyoungersister.由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。注意：a）because,as,since,for的用法辨析because,as,since,for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。例如：Whywasheabsent?Becausehewasbadlyill.他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。as,since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。例如：Asitisraining,let'sstayashome.因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。例如：I'llfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。b）becauseof也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n例如：Istayedathomebecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好我留在家里。3）比较状语从句：比较状语从句由than或as来引导。例如：Ifeelbetternowthan(Iwas)before.我现在觉得比以前好了。Hewritesaswellasyou(do).他写得和你一样好。Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatone(is).这道题比那道题难。4）条件状语从句：条件状语从句由if,unless（=ifnot）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Ishallgoifheasksme.如果他请我，我就去。Ishan'tgounlessheasksme.除非他请我，否则我是不去的。Ishallgo,whetherheasksmeornot.不管他请不请我，我都要去。Comewithmeifyouhavetime.如果你有时间请跟我来。IwanttowatchabasketballmatchifI'mwelltonight.如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。例如：Runfasterandyou'llcatchupwithhim.跑快点儿你就会赶上他。=Ifyourunfaster,you'llcatchupwithhim.如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。5）结果状语从句：结果状语从句由sothat,so…that引导。例如：Hehaslosthisbikesothathecan'tcometoschoolontime.（结果状语）他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。Yourshirtweresodirtythatyoumustwashit.（结果状语）你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。注意：由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too…to（太…而不能）来替换。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n例如：Shewassoangrythatshecouldnotsayaword.=Shewastooangrytosayaword.她气得说不出话来。6）让步状语从句：让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、eventhough（即使）引导。例如：Though/Althoughhetriedhard,hewasnotsuccessful.他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。Hewentonworkingthoughitwasverylate.虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。注意：1．汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。例如：“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。ThoughIlikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,shedoesn'tletmedoit.Ilikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,butshedoesn'tletmedoit.=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。例如：Thoughitwascold,yethewentoutwithoutacoat.虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。III.单项选择:1.Weweregettingreadytogoout______itbegantorain.A.where           B.when          C.since           D.if2.Welovespring______there’rebeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.but             B.if             C.though          D.because3.Theworkwas_______difficult_______ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nA.such,that        B.so,that        C.too,that         D.too,to4.I’lltellhimtogiveyouacall______hecomesback.A.because         B.since          C.assoonas        D.but5.---WhydidLiLeiuseapencil?---_______hispenwasbroken.A.Because        B.When          C.Until            D.If6.IthinkChineseismorepopular______anyothersubject.A.than           B.for             C.as              D.then7.WhatdoIhavetodo______Iwanttobethinner?A.if             B.because         C.since            D.for8.Iwon’tturnoffthelight______you’vefinishedreading.A.when          B.after          C.assoonas        D.until9.I’llstudyEnglishandotherobjects_______Ican.A.sohardas       B.ashardas      C.sohardlyas      D.ashardlyas10.Thoughitrainedheavily,_______werestillplayingontheplayground.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nA.they           B.sothey         C.butthey         D.andthey11.Youshouldfinishyourexercises______yougotobed.A.after           B.before          C.because        D.if12.---ArewegoingtoWestHillFarmbybike?---No.Bybus,______itisquitefarfromhere.A.if             B.when     C.though      D.because13.Mr.Readhastaughtinthatsmalltown______heleftCanadain1988.A.when          B.after            C.for      D.since14.I’m______busygettingreadyforChristmas_______Ihavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not,until       B.too,to           C.so,that        D.neither,nor15.You’lldobetterinEnglish______youworkharder.A.or       B.than        C.if             D.before16.Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday______hewasill.A.but        B.until          C.if         D.because17.LiHua______inthefactorysincesheleftschooltenyearsago.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nA.works       B.worked        C.hasworked   D.hadworked18.---I’mgoingtoHangzhouforaholidaythisweekend.---________youarethere,canyoubuymesomegreentea?A.Because      B.If            C.While      D.After19.Whatshallwedo______itrainstomorrow?A.so      B.if           C.but        D.because20.Ifyou______himtomorrow,pleaseaskhimifhe_______toworkonthefarmwithus.A.see,goes      B.willsee,goes      C.willsee,willgo  D.see,willgo21.Theroomis______dirty______wedon’twanttostayhere.A.so,that       B.such,that          C.either,or        D.as,as22._______he’sveryyoung,_______heknowsseverallanguages.A.Though,but   B.Because,so         C.Though,/      D.Because,/23.Theywillhaveasportsmeetingifit______tomorrow.A.won’train    B.willrain            C.doesn’train    D.rains24.Myparentswillgooutforanoutingwithmeifthey______freenextSunday.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nA.willbe    B.are            C.have          D.willhave25.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.know        B.hadknown          C.haveknown    D.knew26.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe______?A.arrived       B.wouldarrive        C.arrives         D.willarrive27.We______TVwhenthetelephone________.A.watched,wasringing                  B.werewatching,rangC.watch,rings                         D.arewatching,rang28.Kate______tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening.A.won’tgo       B.doesn’tgo          C.went          D.didn’tgo29.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.found         B.isfound           C.wasfound        D.hasfound30.Ifyou______heretomorrow,I’llbedelighted.A.comes         B.willcome         C.came        D.comeotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n从属连词状语从句I.1.since2.so,that3.when4.until5.assoonas6.after7.until8.while9.before10.because 11.Since12.if13.until 14.so,that15.so,that16.as17.than18.ThoughII.1.if2.If3.or4.so,that5.sothat6.Neither,nor7.Both,and8.both,and9.as10.so,thatIII.1—5ACCDA6—10BBBDB11—15BDDCC   16—20DCCBD21—25ACCBC26—30CBDBDotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9