初中英语语法代词教案 3页

第2单元代词（一）人称代词1、主格作主语，当两个以上人称代词并用时，单数顺序为第二，第三，第一人称；复数为第一，第二，第三人称。『例』You,heandIareallinGradeOne.We,youandtheyhavebeentoHangZhou.有表示承认过失或有不好的意思时，单数按第一，第三，第二人称排列；复数按第三，第二，第一人称排列。『例』ItwasIandTomthatbrokethewindow.They,youandweshouldleavethereatonce.注意：it用法较灵活，可指天气、季节、时间、明暗、距离、状况、形式主语及形式宾语等。2、宾格用在及物动词或介词后面作宾语『例』Iboughtitforyou.Letusgo,willyou?3、形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要跟名词，名词性物主代词单独使用，作主语、表语或宾语。『例』Hisschoolisnotsolargeashers.Theirteamisstrongerthanours.（二）指示代词1、that,those指前面提到过的名词，但不可用this,these『例』Theweathertodayiswarmerthanthatyesterday.2、打电话时用that『例』ThisisBrucespeaking,whoisthat?3、刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that『例』Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.4、this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物有关词组及应用『例』Thisismyshirt,that’syours.『例』TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.（三）反身代词：主要用于加强语气单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself =teachoneselfsth.helpyourselvesto…『例』：Imyselfdidit(Ididitmyself).Shecan'tdressherself.（四）不定代词：不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词如：all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,much,other,another,otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nsome,any,no以及由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词1、it与one的区别『例』Ihaveanicewatch.Doyoulikeit?(thematch)Ihaveanicewatch.Wouldyouliketobuyone?(awatch)2、every与each的区别every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用;each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用。『例』EveryoneofusisfondofEnglish.(全体)Everychildlikesplayinggames.(全体)Weeachhaveabike.(个别)Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.(个别)3、everyone,noone与everyone,noneeveryone，noone,只能指人，不能指物，不能和of短语连用，everyone,none,既可指人，也可指物，可与of短语连用。『例』Iseveryoneheretoday!Noonetoldusthatwhowasn'tthere.Noneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough.4、another与other的区别Another：泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个『例』Thisisnotgoodenough,showmeanother,please.Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other：后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的『例』Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?theother：1.特指两个中的另一个『例』Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些『例』Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.Others：泛指其他的人或物『例』1)Heoftenhelpsothers.2)Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers：特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物『例』1)Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.2)Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.one...theother…：一个…，另一个…，表示两个当中另一个『例』Thisisnotgoodenough,showmeanother,please.『例』Ihavetwodaughters,oneismarriedandtheotherisacollegestudent.5、some一般用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中，但有些问句表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时，仍用some，any还可表示“任何的”意思。some用于肯定句中的情况『例』Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any用于疑问句和否定句中的情况otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n『例』Doyouhaveanypicture-books?Sheisyoungerthananyotherstudentinherclass.注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中『例』1)Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？2)MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？3)CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？4)Whydidn'tyoubuysomebananas?为什么你不买些香蕉呢？6、both表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前：『例』Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.BothJimandTomarestudents.WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.TheyallcomefromAustralia.7、either(两者任一)与neither(两者无一),eitherof,neitherof后谓语动词常用单数形式either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数『例』Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.Doyouknoweitherofthetwoladies?neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数『例』Neitheranswerisright.-Arethetwoanswerscorrect?-No,neitheriscorrect.8、any(三者以上任一)与none(三者以上无一)，相当于notany『例』Youcanchooseanyofthethreeonthetable.Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.9、many,much,few,afew,little,alittlemany,few,afew修饰可数名词much，little，alittle修饰不可数名词afew与alittle表示肯定few与little表示否定『例』CouldIhaveafewwordswithyou?Ihavefewfriendsexceptyou.Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.Theywentonwiththeirworkafteralittlerest.（五）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系1.形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。『例』1)Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)2)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)2.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属『例』Tomisafriendofmine汤姆是我的一个朋友otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand