初中英语精典词汇辨析 15页

初中英语精典词汇辨析1.clothes,cloth,clothing  clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，  指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2.incident,accident  incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.3.amount,number  amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents4.family,house,home  home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员。Myfamilyisahappyone.5.sound,voice,noise  sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6.photo,picture,drawing  photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画  Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.7.vocabulary,word  vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.8.population,people  population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.9.weather,climate  weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.\n10.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.11.course,subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse12.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13.cause,reason cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习。  Practicemakesperfect.15.class,lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;Class516.speech,talk,lecture  speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…17.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob。19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers\n20.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重版图，疆域;nation指人民，国民，民族;state侧重政府，政体;land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.21.cook,cookercook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失;damages复数形式，赔偿金$900damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.24.problem,question  problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask,answer连用。25.man,aman  man人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.26.chick,chicken  二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.27.telegram,telegraph  当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28.journey,trip,travel,voyage  travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29.sport,game  sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.30.price,prize  price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low. \n31.anumberof,thenumberof  anumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.35.bybus,onthebus  bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.36.foramoment,forthemoment  foramoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.  37.nextyear,thenextyear  nextyear明年，将来时间状语，thenextyear第二年，过去将来时间状语  Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwordsinaword总之，一句话，\ninwords口头上Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea50.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.52.onfire,onthefireonfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53.outofquestion,outofthequestion  outofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的  54.asecond,thesecond  asecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bythedaybyday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.\n58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy….59.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.60.anyone,anyone  anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择  Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent64.notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.66.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful67.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethannomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过69.majority,mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，\nofoneself自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself.71.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.72.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.73.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly74.high,highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof75.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的    asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.77.gold,goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfish,agoldring78.most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分，是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…79.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman80.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders81.real,true  real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory82.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged  83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing\n  pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85.understanding,understandable  understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的  anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86.close,closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose87.ill,sick  ill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy88.good,well  good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.89.quiet,silent,still  quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.91.able,capable  able与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…92.almost,nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用almost,almostnobody  93.late,lately  late迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.94.living,alive,live,lively  living,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive95.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.96.deep,deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)98.worth,worthy二者均为值得，\nworth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone126.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意  Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.127.catchacold,haveacold    catchacold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而haveacold可以    Shehashadacoldforaweek.128.changefor,changeinto    changefor调换成，changeinto变成    Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.129.continue,last    二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动    Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.130.feed,raise    feed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamily131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor    goforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病  132.notice,observe,catchsightof    notice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars133.insiston,stickto    insiston坚持要求，后常接doing,stickto坚持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan134.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,   looklikehisfather135.gather,collect    gather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps136.meantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味着  BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.137.diefrom,dieof    diefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold\n138.payfor,payback,payoff    payfor为…付钱，payback还钱，但不一定还清，payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt139.divide,separate    divide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开    dividetheapple,separatethehouses140.arrive,get,reach    arrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词      arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing141.grow,plant    grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物    plantthetrees,treesaregrowing142.manage,try    managetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功    Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.143.choose,select    choose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer144.build,putup,setup,found    build一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），    found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith    befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物      Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon    agreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在……上达成一致意见，主语是复数\n    agreewithyou,agreetotheplan147.throwto,throwat    throwto扔到……,throwat朝……扔Hethrowastoneatme.148.receive,accept    receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.149.wear,puton,dress    wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等，可用进行时，dress接人，bedressedin,puton表动作    It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.150.listen,hear    listen强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.151.look,see,watch    look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watchTV152.lie,lay    lie躺，位于(lay,lain);说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook153.workas,actas    workas工作是……，actas充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色Heworksasateacher.    Heactsasaninterpreter.  154.move,remove    move动一动，但不一定移走，remove从一处移到另一处removethetabletothekitchen155.hurt,injure,wound    hurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.  156.turn,get,grow    turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化  \n turnyellow,gettired,growbig157.close,shut,turnoff    close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turnoff用于指有开关的物体    Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.  158.setout,setabout,setoff 指出发，着手解时，   setout后接todo，setabout后接doing,setoff  后接forsp.  159.begin,start    begin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop     Classbeginsat7:30a.m.160.happen,takeplace    happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，takeplace必然性的发生      Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.  161.at,in(表地点)    at小地点，in大地点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai162.atwork,inwork    atwork在工作，在上班，inwork有职业，有工作    Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.163.increaseto,increaseby    increaseto增长到……，increaseby增长了……Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.164.atease,withease    atease舒适地，安逸地；withease容易地，无困难地doitwithease165.dayafterday,daybyday    dayafterday日复一日（无变化）；daybyday一天天地（有变化）Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.166.like,as    like相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体    Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)167.after,in(表时间)    after接时间点，in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes168.between,among    between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间,\namong三者或三者以上之间    SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.169.after,behind(表位置)    after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.170.since,for(完成时间状语)    since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间forthreeyears,since3:00171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorner    onthecorner物体表面的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，    atthecorner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）onthecornerofthetable172.warnsb.of,warnsb.Against    warnsb.of提醒某人注意某事，warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事     warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartoftheriver173.atpeace,inpeace    atpeace平静地，inpeace和平地liveinpeacewithone'sneighbors174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearth    onearth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，    intheearth在地下，在泥土里nouseonearth175.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurprise    insurprise惊奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使……惊慌      Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.176.intheair,ontheair,inthesky    intheair正在酝酿中，ontheair播送，广播，inthesky在天空中    Hisshowisontheairat6:00tonight.177.inthefield,onthefield    inthefield在野外，onthefield在战场上Helosthislifeonthefield.\n178.inthemarket,onthemarket    inthemarket表示场所或地点，在市场上，onthemarket出售      Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.179.inthesun,underthesun    inthesun在阳光下，underthesun地球上，全世界peopleunderthesun180.inavoice,withonevoice    inavoice出声地，withonevoice异口同声地Theyrefusedwithonevoice.181.through,across    through穿越空间，across在……上穿过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert182.ontheway,intheway    ontheway在前往……的路上，intheway挡路Thechairisintheway.183.above,on,over    above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方flyoverthehill184.until,not…until    until到……为止，not…until直到……才（常跟点动词连用）Iwaiteduntil3:00.      Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.  185.besides,except,exceptfor    besides除了……还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），    exceptfor整体…除了某一点以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.186.whether,if    当“是否”解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当“如果”解时用if    Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I'llletyouknow.187.and,or    and并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.\n    Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.Hurryuporyou'llmissthebus.188.because,since,as,for    原因由强到弱为：because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下：    1)…because…2)Since/as…,…3)…,for…，SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.189.when,as,while(表时间)    when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，    while从句动词为持续性动词WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.190.Thesame…as,thesame…that    Thesame…as和……一样的（相似但不同一），Thesame…that同一物体  ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.(同一支笔)191.aswell,aswellas    aswell也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既……又……；aswellas并列连词，不但……而且……    Heisaprofessor,andawriteraswell.  192.such…as,such…that    such…as像……样的，such…that如此……以至于Heisnotsuchafoolashelookslike.    Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.193.because,becauseof    because连词，连接两句话，becauseof介词短语，后接词或短语    Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.194.inorderthat,inorderto    表目的，inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接动词原形      Igotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.  195.forexample,suchas    forexample一般只列举一个，suchas列举多个例子    IhavebeentoalotofAmericancities,suchasNewYork,AtlantaandChicago.