初中英语时态总结(较简单) 8页

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时：l用法:1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.2)现在的状态。例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.3）客观真理。例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often，usually，sometimes，always，everyday，never，inthemorning等连用时。l构成：主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he,she,it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况＋s以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾＋es以辅音＋y结尾变y为i＋es主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S+don't/doesn't+V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does(否)No,S+do/doesnot注意：have的第三人称单数为has主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?l当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式:S+be+···否定式:S+be+not+···疑问式:Am/Is/Are+S+···?简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+be.8\n(否)No,S+be.练习题：1.---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork2．______thebusuntilit______..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop3．The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake2.现在进行时l用法：1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.3）频度副词always,forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣赏，表扬)4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词）。如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock..5)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now,look,listen等。l构成：be+v-ingv-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making,taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running,stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句：S+be+V-ing否定句：S+be+not+V-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+be+S+V-ing?e.g.主语肯定式否定式疑问式Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?8\n第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyou/theydoingsomething?练习题：1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’s______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told1.How______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung3．一般将来时l用法：1．将要发生的动作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．将要存在的状态。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3)常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrownextweekin2008等。l构成：1.助动词will(shall)+v2.be+goingto+v练习题：1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome3.WeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold4．一般过去时l用法：1．过去发生的动作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.2．过去存在的状态。例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.8\n3.常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，等。l构成：S+V-ed用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母＋y结尾去y变i＋ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?练习题：1．r.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome5、过去进行时l概念：1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。l构成：was/were+v-ing1）Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputer8\nA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy2）Theysaidthey______dosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing6、现在完成时l概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just,ever,never,before等词连用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.(F)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T)注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去过”（去了又回来了）have/hasgoneto表示“去过”（去了没回来了）如：Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在)Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在)l构成：have/has+v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+have（has）+V-ed否定句：S+have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed一般疑问句：Have(Has)+S+V-ed+？特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+S+V-ed+？主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?练习题：1.--Howlong______he______afever?8\n---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have2.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,goB.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,beenD.haven’tseen;havegone7、过去完成时态l用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等连用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.l构成：肯定式：had+V_ed否定式：hadn’t+V_ed疑问式：Had…+V_ed简略回答:Yes,S+have/hashad.No,S+had8\n选择最佳答案填空（）1.Wellgoswimmingiftheweather______finetomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe（）2.It______fiveyearssincehehasleftforBeijing.A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.isgoingtobe（）3.Pleasedontleavetheofficeuntilyourfriend______back.A.cameB.comesC.havecomeD.willcome（）4.Bytheendoflastyearhe______about1500Englishwords.A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearningD.hadlearned（）5.Listen!Someone______inthenextroom.A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried（）6.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyou______him.A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing（）7.Hetoldmethathe______toseeusthenextday.A.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.wouldcome（）8.Wecantfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______home.A.isgoingB.wentC.hascomeD.wouldcome（）9.Theteachertoldusthatthesun______biggerthantheearth.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe（）10.Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation______?A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe（）11.We______totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen（）12.Itseemedthattheoldman______forsomethingoverthere.A.looksB.lookedC.waslookingD.haslooked（）13.Hewassurethathe______hiswalletintheoffice.A.leftB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hasleft（）14.Youmuststudyhardifyou______wanttofailtheexam.A.wontB.dontC.haventD.hadnt（）15.Imafraidyoucantsithere.Sorry,I______know.A.dontB.wontC.cantD.didnt（）16.Asshe______thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell（）17.Jimisnotcomingtonight.Buthe______!A.promises（许诺）B.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised（）18.Whatshername?I______.A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting三、动词时态能力综合测试（）1.Heoften______hisclothesonSundays.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash（）2.I’mChinese.Where______from?A.doyoucomeB.youarecomingC.youcomeD.areyoucoming（）3.May______toschool.A.neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalking（）4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher______.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming（）5.Howlongago______playingfootball?A.haveyoustoppedB.hadyoustoppedC.didyoustopD.doyoustop（）6.It______hardwhenIleftmyhouse.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain（）7.Ithinkthisquestion______toanswer.A.easyB.iseasyC.waseasyD.willeasy（）8.Donttalksoloudly.Yourfather______.A.sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadslept（）9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwho______ofthedisease(疾病)？A.aredyingB.isdyingC.hasdiedD.dies（）10.I______myhomeworknow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinished（）11.He______forthreeyears.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninthearmyC.joinedD.hasservedthearmy8\n（）12.Hisgrandfather______forthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied（）13.I______frommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear（）14.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,______alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is（）15.DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?______.A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,hehasneverbeenthere（）16.He______thatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.hascometo（）17.Ourteacher______toBeijingthreetimes.A.wentB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hasbeen（）18.LastweekJohn______hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken（）19.Jack______histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon（）20.He______thepictureonthewall.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged（）21.Nextmonth______twentyfive.A.hasmysisterB.mysisterwillbeC.mysistershallhaveD.mysisterisgoingtobe（）22.You______heragaininafewweeks.A.willseeB.haveseenC.hadseenD.havebeenseen（）23.Bytheendoflasttermwe______Englishfortwoyears.A.havestudiedB.havebeenstudiedC.wouldstudiedD.hadstudied（）24.MrsBrown______inNewYorkforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttoLondon.A.livedB.hadlivedC.haslivedD.willlive（）25.Whenwearrived,thedinner______.A.alreadybeganB.hasalreadybegunC.hadalreadybegunD.wasjustbegun（）26.IwillgohomefortheholidayassoonasI______myexams.A.willfinishB.finishC.finishingD.finished（）27.When______,Illtalktohim.A.doesPetercomeB.PeterwillcomeC.PetercomesD.canPetercome（）28.Mysister______toseeme.Shellbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came（）29.Theysaidthey______ouranswerthenextday.A.hadheardB.wouldhearofC.wouldhearD.willhear（）30.Theoldmansaidthatlight______fasterthansound.A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel二、1.A2.B3.B4.D5.C6.A7.D8.C9.A10.B　11.D　12.C　13.C　14.B　15.A　　16.A　17.B　18.A　三、1.B2.A3.A4.A5.C6.C7.B8.B9.A10.C11.B12.C　13.B14.D15.D16.B17.D18.B19.B20.B21.B22.A23.D24.B25.C26.B27.C28.B29.C30.8