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初中英语专题讲解之名词

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鹏博教育成就未来中考专题复习(专题一:名词)一、 知识点汇总             名词——名词分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词:表示特定的人、地方、专门机构或团体等名称的词,如:Tom,Beijing,University,NewYork,TheComunistPartyofChina【名词的数】一、可数名词——一般是个体名词,如aboy(一个男孩),集体名词afamily(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式:情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sbook→booksbag→bagskey→keys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-estomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-esbus→buseswatch→watchesbox→boxes以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的名词加-scase→casesorange→oranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再加-esfamily→familiesparty→parties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加-esknife→knivesleaf→leaves不规则复数变化形式:变内部元音字母foot-feet,man-men,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,goose-geese词尾加enChild-children,ox-oxen单复数同形fish,sheep,deer,means,Chinese特殊的复数形式:1)集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。thepolice  警察(指全体警察)theFrench  法国人(指全体法国人)2)复合名词awomanteacher—womenteachers 女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen 英国男子agrown-up—grown-ups 成人apasser-by—passers-by 过路人abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来3)某国人变复数aChinese---Chinese;aJapanese---Japanese;anEnglishman---Englishmen;aFrenchman---Frenchmen;aGerman---Germans;anAmerican---Americans;anAustralian---Australians;anIndian---Indians;German--Germans4)特殊形式a.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics,newsb.复数形式有时可表示特别意义的单词,如:woods森林goods货物waters水域fishes各种鱼【练习】mapbrotherradiophotobusdayteacherboxfishsizebabystoryplaypotatochildwatch二、不可数名词专有名词:NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake 西湖物质名词:液体:milkwater  teacoffeejuiceoil肉类:beefchickenmuttonpork天气:weatherrainsnowwindlight其他:newsbreadgrass等抽象名词:funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步用法:1)常用some/any/much/alittle/little/alotof等来修饰。e.g.:somebreadmuchmeat2)如果表示具体的量,需借助量词。如:abottleoforangetwobagsofricetwokilosofmeatapieceofbread【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。有些词表示该物质的种类可数,表示泛指的不可数tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯【名词作定语】1)用复数作定语。 如:sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室    talkstable谈判桌 theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goodstrain货车armsproduce 武器生产   customspapers海关文件 clothesbrush衣刷3)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来 如aten-milewalk十里路  afive-yearplan 一个五年计划【职业名词】a.动词+er,构成的职业名称最多,意为“……家/人”等。如:teach(教)—teacherwork(工作)—workerplay(打球等)—playerdance(跳舞)—dancer,etc.b.名词(多为自然学科)+ist,可构成“……家”等。如:art(艺术;美术)—artist(艺术家;画家)chemistry(化学)—()化学家physics(物理)—physicist(物理学家)science(科学)—()科学家)c.名词+ian,构成“……家/员”等。如:music(音乐;乐曲)—musicianlibrary(图书馆)—()图书管理员d.名词+man或woman,构成“……人/员”等。如:police(警务)—policeman/policewomanbusiness(生意)—()商人sports(运动)—sportsman(运动员)post(邮递)—()邮递员)【名词的格】1).表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。①一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:Tom'schair;thechildren'sbedroom②以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:thestudents'readingroom③并列名词表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加’s;w表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。如:TomandMike'sfather汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)Tom’sandMike’sfathers汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲(俩人各自的父亲)④表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如:atTom’s在汤姆家里atthetailor's在裁缝店atachemist's在药店2).表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:thecoversofthebook(s)书的封面aphotoofmyfamily一张我家的全家福注意:①表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形式。如:theworksofLuXun,LaoSheandMaoDunthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国的成立②表示时间、距离及某些惯用语等名词,可用-'s。如:yesterday'snewspaper昨天的报纸fiveminutes’drive开车五分钟的路程③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如:amapoftheworld世界地图aringofgold金戒指④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。如:teachers'office教师办公室children'sbook儿童读物3).双重所有格:其结构为“of+名词-'s”。7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来被修饰的名词前有不定冠词,指示代词,不定代词或数词等时.要用名词的双重所有格。如:anoldfriendofmyfather's(=oneofmyfather'sfriends)我爸爸的老朋友之一比较:aphotoofmyfather's我父亲的一张照片aphotoofmyfather我父亲的照片一、典型例题1名词的各种分类()1.Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts()2.Myunclewillcometomyhousefordinner.Iwanttobuysome___tomakeavegetablesaladforhim.A.meatB.tomatoesC.applejuice()3.Theteachersaidweneededtochoosethree       fortheschoolconcert.  A.farmers      B.doctors      C.drivers      D.singers()4.Atnightthekoalabeargetsupandeats___________.A.1eafB.1eavesC.leafs()5.PLAmansavedthree____livesintheaccident.A.children’sB.childrenC.childD.childs'()6.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosome_________ifyoulike.A.fishandchickenB.fishesandchickenC.fishandchickensD.fishesandchickens()7.Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women 2不可数名词数量的表达法。()1.MrSmithalwayshas_________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewesD.somepieceofgoodnewes()2.—Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?Theymayfityouwell.一Well,I'dliketotrythoseblue__________.A.pairsB.oneC.pantD.pair()3.―Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?―Yes,     ,please.    A.someoranges B.twoboxesofchocolates C.somecakes D.twobottlesoforange()4.      excitingnews!Wewillhave       longholidayaftertheexam. A.Whatan,a    B.What,a     C.Howan,the      D.How,the                              3.名词所有格及其用法。()1._________fathersarebothscientists.A.Jim'sandBobB.Jim'sandBob'sC.JimandBob'sD.JimandBob()2.      excitingnews!Wewillhave       longholidayaftertheexam. A.Whatan,a    B.What,a     C.Howan,the      D.How,the                              4表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词所有格()1. —Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere? —No,it’sabout_______. A.7minuteswalk     B.7minutewalkC.7minutes’walk    D.7minute’swalk7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来()2.—Comeandseemein.—Withpleasure.That’swhatI'mexpecting.A.twoorthreedays'B.twoorthreeday'stimeC.twoorthreedays'time()3.I'mgoingonholidayonthe12th.Ihavetobebackatworkonthe26th.SoI'vegottwo_______holiday.A.weeksB.week'sC.weeks'D.week课后作业()1.Mybrotherhurthis________yesterday.Hecan’twalknow.A.arm    B.legC.hand   D.eye()2.Howmany________arethereintheinternationalvillage?A.Chinese      B.Russian       C.American()3.Myschoolisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonly________walk.A.fifteenminutes    B.fifteenminutes’   C.fifteenminute’s()4.—Oh,thereisn’tenough________forusinthelift.—Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.A.floor B.groundC.roomD.place()5.—Iwanttogotodifferentplaces,butIdon’tknowthe________.—Amapishelpful,Ithink.A.priceB.wayC.time D.ticket()6.Atthefootofthehillyoucouldhearnothingbutthe________oftherunningwater.A.shoutB.noiseC.voice D.sound()7.—What’syourfavoriteseason?—________.A.July  B.MorningC.Spring  D.Wednesday()8.TodayisSeptember10th.It's______Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's()9.Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor_____,A.apaperB.somepapersCsomepiecespapersD.apieceofpaper()10.The______nowisthatwehavelotsof_____toask,A.problem;questionsB.question;problemsCquestion;problemD.problem;question()11.---CanIjusthaveatry?---Sure.Itdoesn'tifyougiveawronganswer.A.matterB.troubleC.mindD.care()12.---Couldyoumoveoveralittleandmakesome_______forme?---Sure.Please.A.placeB.seatC.roomD.ground()13.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_____,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupofcoffees()14.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfar_______.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks()15.I'dlikesomethingtoread.Wouldyoupleasepassmethe_____________?A.penB.boxC.rulerD.book()16.September10this___________.A.Women'sDayB.Children'sDayC.Mid-autumnDayD.Teachers'Day7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来()17.---Howdoyougethomefrom______?Bybus?---No,Iwalk.______isn'tveryfar.A.school,TheschoolB.theschool,TheschoolC.theschool,SchoolD.school,School()18.Brianissokindthatheoftengivesmea________whenI’mintrouble.A.reply B.seatC.hand  D.reason()19.—Hello,mayIspeaktoTina,please?—Sorry,you’vegotawrong________.A.name  B.wayC.number  D.telephone()20.Therearethree________assistantsinthat________shop.A.women,shoe B.woman,shoeC.woman,shoes D.women,shoesIcan’trememberwhenIstartedcollectinglitter.ButitwaswhenIgottiredof___1___litternearbyandrealizedthatnooneelsewasgoingtopickitup.Ilive___2___aforestinOhio,America.Icanwalkthere___3___threeminutes.Iusedtolovegoingtheretoplaywithmydog.Butonedaytherewas___4___muchlittertherethatIbecameveryunhappy.IdecidedIhadtocleanuptheforest.Iwantedto__5__happygoingthereagain.I___6___myfirsttriptocleantheforestthatafternoon.Itookabigblackrubbishbagwithme.Tenminutes____7_____startingtopickuplitter,mybagwasfull!Ithadcans,_____8___,brokenglassandnewspapersinit.Fromthenon,I___9____totheforestfourtimesayeartopickuplitter.I’moftenthereforthreehours.Itmakesmefeel____10____todosomethingfortheenvironment.Aftereachtrip,Ilookatallthelitter___11___I’vefound.If__12___ofitisrecyclable,Ikeepit.I___13___understandwhypeopledroplitter.ButIwillkeeppickingitup__14___theystopdroppingit.IknowIamonlydoingasmallbit___15_____theEarth,butIstillthinkitisimportant.1.A.seeingB.throwingC.droppingD.cleaning2.A.farawayfromB.nearC.nearlyD.alone3.A.afterB.forC.withD.in4.A.suchB.veryC.soD.too5.A.makeB.feelC.lookD.find6.A.wentB.madeC.gotD.tried7.AafterB.laterC.beforeD.of8.A.juiceboxB.plasticbagC.bottlesD.wasterpapers9.A.hadgoneB.havegoneC.wentD.willgo10.A.tiredB.sadC.interestingD.great11.A.whatB.whomC.whereD.that12.A.manyB.someC.anyD.much13.A.didn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t14.A.untilB.afterC.assoonasD.when15.A.helpedB.tohelpC.helpD.helping7咨询电话:18986609811\n鹏博教育成就未来7咨询电话:18986609811

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