初中英语被动语态讲解 8页

初中英语被动语态讲解一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态例句一般现在时态主+V.am/is/are+done肯定句：Bikesaresoldinthatshop.否定句：Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑问句：Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.一般过去时态主+V.过was/were+done肯定句：Chinawasliberatedin1949.否定句：Chinawasnotliberatedin1949.疑问句：WasChinaliberatedin1949?Yes,itwas./No,itwasn't.一般将来时态Will+v.原willbe+done肯：AnEnglishclasswillbegivenbyJacktomorrow.否：AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑：WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?Yes,itwill./No.itwon't.现在完成时态Have/has+V.过分have/hasbeen+done肯定句：Aroadhasbeenbuiltbythegovernment.否定句：Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑问句：Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.现在进行时态am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeing+done肯：Acarisbeingdrivennow.否：Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑：Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.含有情态动词情态动词+v.原情态动词+be+done肯：Treescanbeplantedatthefootofthehill.否：Treescannotbeplantedatthefootofthehill疑：Cantreesbeplantedatthefootofthehill?Yes,theycan./No,theycan't.三、被动语态的用法8\n（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswere_____（steal）lastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Thewindowwas___________（break）byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法主动：主语+及物动词+宾语be+V.过分被动：主语++by宾语Eg:Everybodylovesmusic.Musicislovedbyeverybody.Eg:Mikebrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.五、注意1.英语中有很多动词常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeout,cometrue,have(有），take(花费),cost,fit,belongto等　　　　2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel,smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。　　　例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable　　3在need，want，require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。(need/want/require+V-ing=need/want/require+tobedone)　　例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。　　4．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。be(well)worthdoing=beworthytobedone　　例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）5.主动：make/see/watch/hear/feelsb.dosth.被动：sb.bemade/seen/watched/heard/felttodosth.Eg;Isawhimentertheroom.→Hewasseentoentertheroom.6.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。Eg:Shetakesgoodcareofthebaby.→Thebabyistakengoodcareofbyher.7.带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语时，动词后要用介词to/for.Eg:Hegavemesomemoney.→Iwasgivensomemoneybyhim.→Somemoneywasgiventomebyhim.被动语态练习（）1.Basketball_____afterschooltwiceaweek.A.isplayedB.willbeplayedC.wasplayed（）2.Alift______togoupanddowneveryday.A.isusedB.areusedC.beused（）3.Shoes____intheshoplastyear.A.wassoldB.issoldC.weresold（）4.Inthisgametheirhands__________.A.notbeseenB.benotseenC.can’tbeseen8\n（）5.Thesemooncakes___alreadybyMary.A.willbeeatenB.haven’tbeeneatenC.havebeeneaten（）6.He______tothehospitalinafewminutes.A.wastakenB.istakenC.willbetaken（）7.Mybirthdaycake_________yet.A.ismadeB.hasbeenmadeC.hasn’tbeenmade（）8.English_______inthisschoolsince1980.A.istaughtB.hasbeentaughtC.wastaught（）9.Theboy______byLingFeng.A.arelookedafterB.canbelookedafterC.werelookedafter（）10.Thesetreasures______sincemanyyearsago.A.havebeenkeptB.werekeptC.arekept（）11.Thegarden_______aweekago.A.istidiedB.hasbeentidiedC.wastidied（）12.Hewantedtoknowifthetickets__tohimtomorrowA.wouldbesentB.willbesentC.aresent（）13.Atthecrossing,apoliceman_____often_______.A.is...seenB.was...seenC.are...seen（）14.Sometimesthey_______playfootball.A.areseentoB.areseenC.willbeseento（）15.Alltheclothesintheshop_______.A.istriedonB.wastriedonC.canbetriedon（）16.Theworkersaidthathe___aladderatonce.A.needsB.neededC.wasneededD.isneeded（）17.Adoctor_______forbyherlastmonth.A.sendB.weresentC.wassentD.sent（）18.Thedoctor______Edison’smother.A.wassavedB.hasbeensavedC.savedD.havesaved（）19.Somuchmetal___intosmallpieceshereeveryday.A.werecutB.arecutC.iscutD.cut（）20.---WhereisJim’stelephonenumber?---It______ontheblackboardalready.A.writesB.wroteC.iswrittenD.hasbeenwritten()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.8\nA.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't4()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt8\n()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.8\nA.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close17()1Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn18()1Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded19()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()2Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()3Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read三、用下列动词的被动语态形式填空2.Manytrees_______________(plant)inChinaeveryyear,buttheyarestillnotenough.3.Nowmanydifficultanddangerouskindsofwork______________(cando)byrobotsinfactories.4.TheGreatWall___________________(build)thousandsofyearsago.5.Itissaidthatmoregoodteachers_________________(willsend)totheruralareasinXinxiangnextyear.6.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyou___________________(allow)todriveacar.7.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish(垃圾)___________________(mustthrow)intotheriver.8.Oldpeoplemust__________(speak)topolitely.【边学边做】将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Weatesomebananaslastnight.Somebananas________________byuslastnight.2.Whenwillyouhandinyourhomework?When______yourhomework___________________?3.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.Yourhomework________________________first.4.Mymotherhasboughtmeatoycar.Atoycar________________________________mebymymother.5.Helooksafterhisfatherverywell.Hisfather________________________verywellbyhim.6.Isawhimcrosstheroadjustnow.He________________________________theroadbymejustnow.7.Dotheytellyouaboutit?________you________aboutitbythem?8.Theyarereadinganovelnow.Anovel________________________bythemnow.9、Iheartheboysingyesterday.Theboyyesterday.10、Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?yourflowerseveryday?11、Hedoesn'tteachEnglish.Englishbyhim.12、Mymothermademeacake.Acakemebymymother.13、Imadehimgo.He.8\n被动语态何时运用被动语态：（1）强调动作的接受者：AmericawasdiscoveredbyColumbus.（2）不知谁是动作的执行者：Youarewantedonthephone.（3）作客观说明：Itissaidthatthemeetinghasbeenputoff.（经典句型）主动变被动的基本方法：（说起来容易，掌握起来需要用心！）（1）主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）谓语动词变为由“be+过去分词”的形式，配合时态作相应变化。（3）主动语态主语置于介词by之后，如无必需，则省略。（4）不及物动词没有被动语态。现在do(does)→am/is/are+doneWekeepthepianointheliving-room.→Thepianoiskeptintheliving-room.过去did→was/were+doneTheybuiltthebridgein1980.→Thebridgewasbuiltin1980.将来will/shalldo→will/shall+be+doneHewillreadthebooktomorrow.→Thebookwillbereadtomorrow.现在完成have/hasdone→have/has+been+doneWehavedeliveredthenewspaper.→Thenewspapershavebeendelivered(byus).过去完成haddone→hadbeendoneShehadseenthefilmbeforeshecamehere.→Thefilmhadbeenseenbeforeshecamehere.将来完成will/shallhavedone→will/shallhave+been+doneBytheendofthistermweshallhavefinished80texts.→Bytheendofthisterm80textswillhavebeenfinished.现在进行am/is/aredoing→am/is/are+being+doneTheyaredrawingthepicture.→Thepictureisbeingdrawnbythem.

过去进行was/weredoing→was/were+being+doneHewasreviewingtheirlessonsatthismomentyesterday.→Theirlessonswerebeingreviewedatthismomentyesterday.8\n情态动词maymaycancanmustmustshoulddo→should+be+doneoughttooughttousedtousedtoYoumustwriteanarticleonthesubject.→Anarticlemustbewrittenonthesubject.被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）：时态构成例句一般现在时态am/is/are+doneAnappleiseatenbymeeveryday.一个苹果每天都被我吃掉。一般过去时态was/were+doneHewastakentotheparkbyhismotheryesterday.昨天，他被妈妈带去了公园。一般将来时态willbe+doneThechildwillbesenttohisparentsnextweek.那个小孩子下个月将要被送回他的父母那里。现在完成时态have/hasbeen+doneMyhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbyme.我的作业已经被做完了。现在进行时态am/is/arebeing+doneAbigbridgeisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.一座大桥正在我们的城市被建造。含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneTreescanbeplantedatthefootofthehill.树可以被种在山脚下。被动语态三注意双宾语直接宾语（物）作主语，动词后要用介词to或for。Hegavemesomemoney.他给了我一些钱。→Iwasgivensomemoneybyhim./Somemoneywasgivetomebyhim.介词不乱丢变被动时，不及物动词后跟的介词（或副词）不能丢掉。WearelookingforabookonAsia.我们正在找一本关于亚洲的书。→AbookonAsiaisbeinglookedforbyus.还原tohear/see/makesb.dosth.等变被动时，把to加上。Shemademestandinfrontofthedoor.她让我站在门前。→Iwasmadetostandinfrontofthedoorbyher.8