初中英语不规则动词列表 6页

初中英语常用不规则动词分类表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词beatbeatbeat（或者beaten）打败costcostcost花费cutcutcut割，切hurthurthurt受伤hithithit打，撞letletlet让putputput放下readreadread读setsetset安排，安置spreadspreadspread展开，传播，涂spitspit/spatspit/spat吐痰,shutshutshut关上,闭起,停止营业2.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebecamebecome变comecamecome来runranrun跑3.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习meanmeantmeant意思dealdealtdealt解决dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt做梦hearheardheard听见hanghangedhanged绞死，悬挂hunghung闲逛lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃,照亮prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved证明,证实,试验shineshoneshone使照耀，使发光shinedshined擦亮，擦光shootshotshot射击showshowedshowed/shown展示,给...看smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt闻,嗅speedsped[sped]/speededsped/speeded加速spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt拼写（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。\n动词原形过去式过去分词buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借给rebuildrebuiltrebuilt改建,重建sendsentsent送spendspentspent花费（3）原形→ought→ought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架thinkthoughtthought思考,想(4)原形→aught→aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchcaughtcaught捉,抓teachtaughttaught教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdugdug掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfedfed喂findfoundfound发现，找到getgotgot/gotten得到holdheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadledled引导,带领,领导meetmetmet遇见sitsatsat坐babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿shootshotshot射击spitspit/spatspit/spat吐痰,stickstuckstuck插进,刺入,粘住,winwonwon赢（6）原形→-lt/pt/ft→-lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfeltfelt感到keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft离开sleepsleptslept睡觉sweepsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词laylaidlaid下蛋,放置paypaidpaid付\nsaysaidsaid说standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood理解，明白loselostlost失去havehadhad有lielaylain躺liedlied撒谎makemademade制造sellsoldsold卖telltoldtold告诉retellretoldretold重讲，重复，复述4.ABC（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生长drawdrewdrawn画画knowknewknown知道throwthrewthrown抛，扔shakeshookshaken摇/震动flyflewflown飞showshowedshowed/shown展示drivedrovedriven驾驶riseroserisen上涨eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下givegavegiven给wearworeworn穿bearboreborn出生，忍受tear/teə/toretorn撕掉，撕开forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅,饶恕taketooktaken拿mistakemistookmistaken弄错;误解,overeat['əuvə'i:t]overateovereaten(使)吃过量prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved证明,证实,试验taketooktaken拿rideroderidden骑seesawseen看见showshowedshowed/shown展示writewrotewritten写\n（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbrokebroken打破speakspokespoken说choosechosechosen选择getgotgot/gotten得到hidehidhidden隐藏forgetforgotforgotten忘记freezefrozefrozen冷冻,结冰，感到严寒stealstolestolen偷wakewokewoken醒来，叫醒,激发(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。[i→a→u]动词原形过去式过去分词beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝ringrangrung给…打电话singsangsung唱sinksanksunk下沉,沉没swimswamswum游泳am/iswasbeenarewerebeendo/doesdiddonegowentgonecancouldmaymightshallshouldwillwould非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词：leave→beenaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,open→beopen,close→beclosed,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold，marry→bemarried,come→behere,go→bethere,puton→wear,wakeup→beawake,fallasleep→beasleep,lose→nothave,arrive/reach→be.他来这儿五天了。　　误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.　　正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.　　正：Hecameherefivedaysago.　　正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.\nnotuntil引起的时间状语位于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由notuntil引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如：Notuntil1998didhereturntohishometown.直到1998年他才回到家乡。NotuntilFathercamebackdidwebegintohavesupperlastnight.昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。注意：当notuntil引导的时间状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为：Itwasnotuntil1998thathereturnedtohishometown.ItwasnotuntilFathercamebackthatwebegantohavesupperlastnight.倒装句是notuntil位于居首，句子要倒装例如，NotuntilshecamebackdidIknowshewasOK.强调句是对notuntil强调，例如Itwasnotuntil11o'clockthathereturnedtohishome.因为notuntil结构中有否定意，所以当其置于句首时，句子用倒装。如果不在句首，或者在句首却不修饰状语时，则不用倒装。一、notuntil的倒装与强调结构  　　1.当Notuntil位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Notuntil+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:　　①Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。　　②Notuntilnextweekwillthesportsmeetbeheld.直到下周才开运动会。      Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。      NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。   2.notuntild强调结构为:Itis/wasnotuntil+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为:　　③Itwasnotuntiltheteachercameinthatthestudentsstoppedtalking.　　④Itisnotuntilnextweekthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld.       Itisnotuntil8o”clockthathedidn·tdohomework他直到8点才写作业IdidnotfindmywalletuntilIgottothestation.到了车站我才发现我的钱包不见了\n如果表示强调，将notuntil提前，主句倒装NotuntilIgottothestationdidIfindmywalletlost.在肯定句中，till/until意为“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词须为延续性动词。在否定句中，till/until与否定词搭配，意为“直到……才”。如果把“not…until”变成“notuntil…”置于句首时，主句要倒装。例如：　　　Gostraightonuntil/tillyoucomestothepostoffice.　　　Iwon’tgoawayuntilyoupromisetohelpme.　　　NotuntilhecalledmeupdidIknowit.　　　注意：若把notuntil引导的部分作为强调句型中的被强调部分，则主句中的主谓不倒装。例如：　　　ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrecognizedhim.当Notuntil位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Notuntil+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:①Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。②Notuntilnextweekwillthesportsmeetingbeheld.直到下周才开运动会。 Notuntilwefinishedourworkdidhecome Notuntilmidnightdidhereturn2.notuntil的强调结构为:Itis/wasnotuntil+从句/表时间的