初中英语之感叹句 9页

感叹句一、什么叫感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。二、感叹句的基本句型【句型一】What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！Whatacleverboyheis!(他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！Whataninterestingstoryitis!(这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！Whatfineweatheritis!多好的天气啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】在感叹句中，Whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用whata/an，如：Whataheavyrainitis!多大的一场雨啊！Whatagreatsurpriseitis!这多么令人惊奇啊！Whatarichbreakfastitis!多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！ 【句型二】How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howwellyoulook!你气色真好!Howkindyouare!你心肠真好!Howbeautifullyyousing!你唱得真好听!Strawberries!Hownice!草莓!多好呀!Howclevertheboyis!这个男孩多么聪明啊！Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快啊！【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：HowIwanttobeadoctor!我多么想成为一名医生啊！Howshedances!她跳得多好啊！感叹句型总结How+形容词+a+名词+其他成分！How+形容词或副词+其他成分！What+名词+其他成分！What+a+形容词+名词+其他成分！What+形容词+复数名词+其他成分！What+形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！请看以下例子：\n①It’saninterestingfilm.这是一部有趣的电影。→Whataninterestingfilmitis!这是一部多有趣的电影啊！②It’swonderfulweather.天气很好。→Whatwonderfulweather!天气真好！③Hedidtheworkcarefully.他做这工作很仔细。→Howcarefullyhedidthework!他做这工作多仔细啊！④Timepassedquickly.时间过得很快。→Howquicklytimepassed!时间过得真快【难点】what类感叹句省略形容词1.当其中的名词带有形容词的意味时【重点】Whatluck!真幸运!Whatfools!真是些笨蛋!Whatasurprise!真是意想不到!Whatfunwecouldhave!我们玩得多开心啊2.当进行批评时Whatnonsense!一派胡言!Whatashame!多可耻(惜)!Whatamess!多么脏乱啊!3.当表示强调或夸张时Oh,whatalie!啊，多大的谎言!Whatanight!多糟糕的一个晚上！4.当表示蔑视时Whatamanheis!那家伙算什么! 注：有时在没有上下文，意思可能不确定。如：Whataday!看这天气!(是褒是贬，视具体情况而定)【难点】how在感叹句中修饰动词感叹句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成，此是how直接用于修饰动词。如：HowImissedyou.我多么想念你啊。Howyou’vegrown!你都长这么大啦!Howyou’vechanged!你的变化真大!Howhewishedforadrink!他多希望能有点东西喝!\nHowthingsgetaround!Everyonemustknowyouareintown.消息传得多快!人们一定都知道你到城里来了  三、注意 （1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many，much，little，few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：   Howmanybookshehas！他的书真多！   Howmuchmoneyhegaveher！他给了她好多钱呀！   HowlittlemoneyIhave！我的钱多么少呀！   Howfewfriendshehas！他的朋友真少！   比较：Whatalittleboxitis！多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）     （2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：   Howfast！多快呀！   Hownice！多好呀！   Howbeautiful！多美呀！   Howniceofyoutocome！你来了真好！   四.其他形式的感叹句   感叹句除用what和how引出外，还可有其他许多形式，如可用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等，有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可用作感叹句：   Stoptalking！不要讲话了！   Isn‘titalovelyday！天气真好！   Thegardenlookssolovelytoday！这花园今天真美！   Fire！失火了！Verygood！很好!Therewasnofaceshowing!He’ssuchaniceboy!TheGreatWallisamagnificentbuilding!Isn’titsnowingheavily!Wonderful!\nNonsense!HappyNewYeartoyou!Cheer!「注意」陈述句用作感叹句时，句中通常有so，such，really等加强语气的词语；疑问句用作感叹句，句子多为否定疑问句形式。五、感叹句巧解五法（1）一找·二断·三辨·四确定：构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：1）What＋名词＋陈述肯定式：2）How＋形容词（或副词）＋陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：①____coldwaterthisis！A．HowB．What②____colditis！A．WhatB．How如果我们采取“一找·二断·三辨·四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨”，句①中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：____cold｜itis！断开线其前cold是形容词，故应填How。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：____nicepresentitis！A．HowB．WhatC．HowD．Whata用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。（2）“断→找→去→添→改”五步法：若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如：Thepictureisverybeautiful．断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：Thepictureis｜verybeautiful．找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。\n改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。据此，上句就变成了：Howbeautifulthepictureis！再如：要把“Heisagoodstudent．”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：Heis｜agoodstudent．中心词是名词student，agood为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：Whatagoodstudentheis！（3）一断·二加·三换位：例：1）Thisisabeautifulflower·2）Thisflowerisbeautiful．“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。1）Thisis｜abeautifulflower．2）Thisfloweris｜beautiful．“二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How”。1）Whatabeautifulflower…2）Howbeautiful…“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。1）Whatabeautifulflowerthisis！2）Howbeautifulthisfloweris！（4）句型记忆法：因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句：A=WhatB=WhataC=WhatanD=How①____pleasantsurpriseyougaveme！②____goodnewswehavegot！③____goodaTVsetwe’yebought！④____unpleasantexperienceyouhadlastyear！对了，答案依次为BADC。（5）歌诀记忆法：感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。记住下面歌诀更方便。what，how如何选？先在后面把名词找，若有名词用what，若无名词必用how。what，how提句首，其它紧跟别忘了。主谓一起挪最后,常常可以被省掉。【基础练习】一．将下列句子变成感叹句   1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→__________nicepresent!   2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→ __________weatherwehavetoday!   3.It’ssunnytoday.→__________sunnydayitistoday!   \n4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→   __________thechildrenareworking!   5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→  __________sheplayedbasketball!   6.Heisgoodatsinging.→__________hesings!   7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→   _____a_____dancerhewas!   8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!   9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!   10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→   _______________lifetheylive!二．选择合适选项1.____anicewatchitis!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa   2.____brightgirlstheyare!   A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa   3.____interestingthefilmis!   A.WhatB.WhatanC.How   4.____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.   A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What   5.____hardworkitis!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan   6.____dayitis!It’srainyagain.   A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine   7.____greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!   A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What   8.____expensivetrousers!   A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan9.____girlsheis!   A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright   10.____weatherwehavetoday!   A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine   11.____carelessheis!   A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch   12.____fromBeijingtoLondon!   A.HowlongwayitisB.Whatalongwayisit   C.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis   13.Oh,John,____yougaveus!   A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise   C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise 14.____usefulworktheyhavedone!   A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan   15.____nicepictureyougaveme!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan\n三、用What或How填空：1.abigtreeitis!2.bigthetreeis!3.beautifulpictures!4.beautifulthepicturesare!5.highthebuildingis!6.bigeyesshehas!7.lovelytheice-creamis!8.lovelyice-cream!答案：1.What2.How3.What4.How5.How6.What7.How8.What【中等题】一、选择题1.____anicewatchitis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa2.____brightgirlstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa3.____interestingthefilmis!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan4.____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What5.____hardworkitis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan6.____dayitis!It’srainyagain.A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine7.____greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What8.____expensivetrousers!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan9.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.BequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking10.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget11.____girlsheis!A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright12.____weatherwehavetoday!A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine13.____carelessheis！A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch14.Oh,John,____yougaveus!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise15.____usefulworktheyhavedone!\nA.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan16.____nicepictureyougaveme!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan二、填空题l.____________hottheweatheris!2.____________hardheworks!3.____________niceteaitis!4.____________bighorsesthey'are!5.____________agoodboyheis!【提高题】一、选择最佳答案填空1._______carefullytheboydoeshishomework!A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,how                B.What,whatC.How,what               D.What,how3.________cheaptheseclothesare!I’dliketobuysomeformyson.A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthegirlssaid.A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan5._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan6.Imissyouverymuch._______Iwanttoseeyou!A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan7.Oh,________mistakeyou’vemade!It’stoobad.A.How                       B.HowaC.What                       D.Whata8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan9._______deliciousyoursupperis!A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.How                       B.HowanC.What                       D.Whatan\n二、根据所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.Theoldmanwalkedveryslowly.______________theoldmanwalked!2.Thefilmisverywonderful.______________thefilmis!3.Ourschoollooksverybeaufifulinspring.______________ourschoolslooksinspring!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary._____________________dicitonaryitis!_____________________dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.________________thestudentsarelistening!6.Kittyisagoodswimmer.________________Kettyswims!【参考答案】一、1.—5.AAACC 6.—10.ABCAC  二、1.How,slowly 2.How,wonderful 3.How,beautiful 4.What,a,useful/How,beautiful,the 5.How,carefully6.Howwell 中考真题1、Thelittleboysavedhisclassmatesintheearthquake.________bravehewas!（09）A)WhatB)HowC)WhataD)Whatan