初中英语高分阅读理解讲座 77页

初中英语阅读理解高分讲座2012.2.19\n内容提要一、英语中考对阅读理解的要求二、做阅读理解题需要明确的观念三、做阅读理解题的常规步骤四、阅读理解常见题型的解题方法五、不看原文直接从选项找答案的技巧六、武汉近年中考阅读理解真题评析\n一、英语中考对阅读理解的要求\n中考英语的阅读理解是比较有难度，也是比较容易丢分的题。根据《武汉市2011年中考英语考试大纲》规定，阅读理解材料的篇幅长度在300词左右，数量不少于3篇，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。所选材料可能涉及西方文化或价值观念的内容，设题包括对把握主旨大意、归纳、推测、猜词等能力的考查。\n从近3年（2009-2011年）武汉市中考英语试卷来看，都有3篇一定篇幅的英语文章，分值为30分（每篇5题，每题2分），所占分值是所有题型中最高的。因此，阅读理解题发挥如何，将较大程度上影响着考生得分的高低。\n许多同学在做阅读理解部分时，最大感受就是时间紧、答案项迷惑性大，因而很难又快又准地选出答案。那么做阅读理解除了平时多读多看多练之外，还有没有什么好的方法呢？在没有足够时间仔细阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下应该怎样答题呢？接下来就向同学们介绍一些常用的阅读理解方法和技巧。\n二、做阅读理解题需要明确的观念\n第一、不要认为阅读理解很难不容易得分，恰恰相反，阅读理解是所有题型中最容易得分，也是完全能够得高分（甚至满分）的题型。\n阅读理解题和其他题型不一样，它呈现的是一篇完完整整、没有任何隐蔽和挖空的文章，每一个题目的答案全部直接或间接蕴含在原文中了，你所做的事情就是把答案从原文中找出来，除了要具备词汇、语法这些基本功之外，就是看你够不够聪明和细心了。\n而其他任何题型（单选、完形、填空、翻译、写作等），都不是给你一个完整的句子或文章，要么挖了空让你填，要么完全靠自己写，会不会做除了靠基本功外，还有点运气成分（英语里的知识点成百上千，只要考到一个你不会的，就很难做对，只有靠猜了）。\n第二、阅读理解的每一题都可以直接或间接地从原文中找到对应句子或推断答案，所以，依据原文是做阅读理解题的最可靠方法！\n从阅读理解的题型设计上来看，不外乎就是细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、猜测词义题等几种常见题型，而这几种题型全都离不开原文（稍后会讲到）。有的同学喜欢凭小聪明、凭经验、凭想当然抛开原文做题，这样是不可取的，可能一时会做对，但不能保证每次都对，依据原文仍是做阅读理解题的最可靠方法。\n第三、做阅读理解题有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以让你在不看原文的情况下直接从选项中就能找到正确答案！\n做阅读理解有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以让你在不看原文的情况下直接从选项就能找到正确答案，这个同学们可能都觉得不可思议。其实，这也是有一定的根据的（下面会讲到），合理运用这些方法和技巧，会让你的阅读理解得分能力如虎添翼，在紧急情况下它就是你的救命稻草！\n二、做阅读理解题的常规步骤\n1、快速略读（Skimming）2、带问寻读（Scanning)3、检验答案（Checking）\n快速略读(Skimming)1.略读的概念又称“跳读”(readingandskipping)或“浏览”(glancing)。要求以较快速度(100-150wpm)在2-3分钟内略读完文章，迅速获取文章内容或中心思想，即有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，抓住文章的大意，从而加快阅读速度。\n2.略读的技巧不可逐词逐句阅读，应扫描式阅读。眼球总在不断地“移动—停顿—移动”，思考是在眼停的瞬间进行的。碰到个别不懂的生词、难句应先跳过。注意文章的开头、结尾和每段的主题句。抓住4个W和1个H，即when(时间),where(地点),who(人物),what(事件),how(经过)，就抓住了文章的全貌。\n注意关键词(表示逻辑关系的词)表并列：both…and,or,too,also,aswell;表递进：moreover,inaddition,what'smore,furthermore,then,besides;表转折：however,but,nevertheless;表层次：firstofall,aboveall,next,ontheonehand,...ontheotherhand,unless;表强调：infact,indeed,actually,asamatteroffact,important,obviously;\n表因果：because,so,since,asaresult,for,leadto,liein；表序列：first,second,third,finally；表列举：forexample,suchas,forinstance,except(for);表比较：like,similar,inthesameway;表让步：although,though,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,eventhough;表结论：therefore,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,onthewhole.\nSkimmingPracticeOne(in2minutes)DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewiveswerenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfumemadebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.\nTime’sUp!What’sthemainideaofthispassage?\nDavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewiveswerenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfumemadebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.whowhat,whenwherehowkeywordemphasiskeywordkeyword\nSkimmingPracticeTwo(in2.5minutes)Hundredsofyearsago，aRomanarmycamenorthfromEnglandtomakewaronScotland.TheScots，abravepeople，lovedtheircountryverymuch.TheyfoughthardtodrivetheenemyoutofScotland，butthereweretoomanyRomans.ItlookedasiftheRomanswouldwin.Onenight，theleaderofScotsmarchedhissoldierstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight，mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwinorwewilldie.”Theywereallverytired，sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty，butthey，too，wereverytired，andonebyone，alsofellasleep.TheRomanswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheyclimbedupthehillside，takingcarenottomakeasound.CloserandclosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmore，thewarwouldbeover.Suddenly，oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(蓟).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inamoment，theywereontheirfeetandreadyforbattle.Thefightingwashardbutitdidnotlastlong.TheScotswipedouttheRomansandsavedtheircountry.Thethistleisnotabeautifulplant.Ithassharpneedlesalloverit.Fewpeoplelikeit.ButthepeopleofScotlandlikeditsomuchthattheymadeittheirnationalflower.\nTime’sUp!What’sthemainideaofthispassage?\nHundredsofyearsago，aRomanarmycamenorthfromEnglandtomakewaronScotland.TheScots，abravepeople，lovedtheircountryverymuch.TheyfoughthardtodrivetheenemyoutofScotland，butthereweretoomanyRomans.ItlookedasiftheRomanswouldwin.Onenight，theleaderofScotsmarchedhissoldierstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight，mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwinorwewilldie.”Theywereallverytired，sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty，butthey，too，wereverytired，andonebyone，alsofellasleep.TheRomanswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheyclimbedupthehillside，takingcarenottomakeasound.CloserandclosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmore，thewarwouldbeover.Suddenly，oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(蓟).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inamoment，theywereontheirfeetandreadyforbattle.Thefightingwashardbutitdidnotlastlong.TheScotswipedouttheRomansandsavedtheircountry.Thethistleisnotabeautifulplant.Ithassharpneedlesalloverit.Fewpeoplelikeit.ButthepeopleofScotlandlikeditsomuchthattheymadeittheirnationalflower.whenwhowherewhathowconclusion\n带问寻读(Scanning)1.寻读的概念又称“查读”，就是在读过文章后面的题后，以题干中的某些词为线索（线索词），到原文中去寻找出处，从而找到答案的过程。寻读能力的高低直接影响着阅读理解做题的正确率。目的：寻找特定信息，要什么找什么。\n2.寻读的技巧①题目顺序基本与行文顺序基本一致一般情况下，题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说，第一道题的出处一般在原文开头部分，下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题的出处后面。把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律，可以指导我们在原文中快速定位出处的大致位置，有效节省寻读时间。\n2.寻读的技巧②注意原文中的时间、数字、年代时间、数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。注意：题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动，要注意辨别。\n2.寻读的技巧③注意原文的人名、地名等专有名词人名、地名等专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找，也是容易设问的目标。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。\n2.寻读的技巧④事物的性质特征或比较关系如果题干要求确定某个事物的性质、程度、范围或比较关系，那么就可以借助题干中的形容词、副词或其比较级、最高级等比较词来定位题目出处。然后对比原文与题干的陈述，最终确定题干是否正确。\n2.寻读的技巧⑤题干中不同于其他题的新信息每道题的题干中都含有与其他题不同的新信息。这些表示新信息的名词或动词、甚至是特殊的标点符号也可以成为线索词。\nScanningPracticeone(in8minutes)Howmanykindsofpenguinscansurvive?WheredoPenguinslive?WhatdoPenguinseat?What’sthecauseofpenguin'sdecreaseinnumbers?WhyarethepenguinsinSouthAfricareproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking?\nScanningPracticeoneAsmanyas10ofthe17kindsofpenguinsmaybeindangerofdisappearing.Thenumberofpenguinshavedecreasedby30%since1987.Penguinsareblackandwhitebirdsthatliveinthesouthernpartoftheworld.TheyarecommoninSouthAmerica，NewZealand，AustraliaandSouthAfrica.Marylivesnearcoldwaters.ButsomelivenearwarmwatersinGalapagosIslands.Penguinscannotfly，buttheyarefineswimmers.Penguinseatfishandkrill(磷虾).Thewarmingoftheearthisthedecreaseinpenguinpopulations.Theheatingoftheairhascausedoceanwaterstobecomewarmer.Higherwatertemperatureshavereducedthesupplyoffishandkrill.Someyearslaterthesebirdsarecompletelyunabletoreproduce.Besides,manyadultpenguinsdieofhunger.\nWidespreadfishing，explorationforoilandoilleaksalsomakepenguinsbeindanger.Poisonousorganisms(生物)inoceanwaterareanotherdanger.Penguinsalsohavetheirenemies，includingwilddogs，sharks，sealsandsealions.Newsaboutpenguinsisnotallbad，however.Severalyearsago，oilleakingfromashiphurt40%ofthepenguinsinSouthAfrica.Thepenguinsbecamecoveredwithoil.Butthousandsofpeoplehelpedcleanandtreatthebirdswell.Thentheyreturnedthepenguinstothewild.NowtheseSouthAfricanpenguinsarereproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking.\nTime’sUp!Let’sanswerthequestionstogether.Tips：Underlinethesentenceaboutthequestioninthepassage.\n1.Howmanykindsofpenguinscansurvive?(线索词:数量)17-10=7Asmanyas10ofthe17kindsofpenguinsmaybeindangerofdisappearing.Thenumberofpenguinshavedecreasedby30%since1987.\n2.WheredoPenguinslive?(线索词:地点)3.WhatdoPenguinseat?(线索词:食物)Penguinsareblackandwhitebirdsthatliveinthesouthernpartoftheworld.TheyarecommoninSouthAmerica，NewZealand，AustraliaandSouthAfrica.Marylivesnearcoldwaters.ButsomelivenearwarmwatersinGalapagosIslands.Penguinscannotfly，buttheyarefineswimmers.Penguinseatfishandkrill(磷虾).\n4.What’sthecauseofpenguin’sdecreaseinnumbers?(线索词:濒危原因)Thewarmingoftheearthisthedecreaseinpenguinpopulations.Theheatingoftheairhascausedoceanwaterstobecomewarmer.Higherwatertemperatureshavereducedthesupplyoffishandkrill.Someyearslaterthesebirdsarecompletelyunabletoreproduce.Besides,manyadultpenguinsdieofhunger.Widespreadfishing，explorationforoilandoilleaksalsomakepenguinsbeindanger.Poisonousorganismsinoceanwaterareanotherdanger.Penguinsalsohavetheirenemies，includingwilddogs，sharks，sealsandsealions.\n5.WhyarethepenguinsinSouthAfricareproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking?(线索词:增长原因)Newsaboutpenguinsisnotallbad，however.Severalyearsago，oilleakingfromashiphurt40%ofthepenguinsinSouthAfrica.Thepenguinsbecamecoveredwithoil.Butthousandsofpeoplehelpedcleanandtreatthebirdswell.Thentheyreturnedthepenguinstothewild.NowtheseSouthAfricanpenguinsarereproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking.\nScanningPracticetwo(in8minutes)WhomadeDonaldDuckfilm?WhenwasthefirstDonaldDuckfilmmade?HowdidClarenceNashbecomeastar?WhydidpeoplelikeDonaldmorethanMickeyMouse?Wheredotoday’schildrenseeDonaldDuck?\nScanningPracticetwoIn1933anunknownAmericancalledClarenceNashwenttoseethefilmmakerWaltDisney.HehadanunusualvoiceandhewantedtoworkinDisney’scartoonfilmforchildren.WhenWaltDisneyheardNash’svoice,hesaid“Stop!That’sourduck!”Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.Thecinemaaudiencelikedhimbecausehewaslazyandgreedy,andbecausehelosthistemperveryquickly.AndtheylovedhisvoicewhenhebecameangrywithMickey’seightnephews(侄子).SoonDonaldwasmorepopularthanMickeyMousehimself,probablybecausehewasn’tagoody-goodylikeMickey.\nInthe1930S,‘40sand‘50sDonaldandhisfriendsMickey,GoofyandPlutomadehundredsofDisneycartoons.HealsomadeeducationalfilmsabouttheplaceoftheUSAintheworld,andsafetyinthehome.Thenin1966DonaldDuckandhisvoicedisappeared–therewerenomorenewcartoons.ClarenceNashdiedinFebruary,1985.Buttoday’schildrencanstillseetheoldcartoonsontelevisionandhearthatfamousvoice.\nTime’sUp!Let’sanswerthequestionstogether.Tips：Underlinethesentenceaboutthequestioninthepassage.\n1.WhomadeDonaldDuckfilm?(线索词:人名)In1933anunknownAmericancalledClarenceNashwenttoseethefilmmakerWaltDisney.HehadanunusualvoiceandhewantedtoworkinDisney’scartoonfilmforchildren.WhenWaltDisneyheardNash’svoice,hesaid”Stop!That’sourduck!”\n2.WhenwasthefirstDonaldDuckfilmmade?(线索词:年代)Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.\n3.HowdidClarenceNashbecomeastar?(线索词:成为明星)Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.(makevoiceforDonaldDuckinthefilm)\n4.WhydidpeoplelikeDonaldmorethanMickeyMouse?(线索词:比较关系)Thecinemaaudiencelikedhimbecausehewaslazyandgreedy,andbecausehelosthistemperveryquickly.AndtheylovedhisvoicewhenhebecameangrywithMickey’seightnephews(侄子).SoonDonaldwasmorepopularthanMickeyMousehimself,probablybecausehewasn’tagoody-goodylikeMickey.\n5.Wheredotoday’schildrenseeDonaldDuck?(线索词:地点)ClarenceNashdiedinFebruary,1985.Buttoday’schildrencanstillseetheoldcartoonsontelevisionandhearthatfamousvoice.\n检查答案(Checking)重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。注：如果时间不允许，也可省略该步骤\n四、阅读理解常见题型的解题方法\n一、细节理解题细节理解题是对获取和处理细节信息能力的考查，这类题在阅读理解题中占一半以上，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。\n细节理解题常见的提问形式是非判断类型：TrueorFalse？特殊疑问词类型：What/who/……?排序题类型：Whichoftheordersiscorrect……?例证题类型：Theauthorgivestheexamplein……inorderto……唯一性概念题类型：Themost/-est……theonly……\n做细节理解题的方法通过寻读确定该细节在文中的出处，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者通常对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。\n做细节理解题的方法是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。\n做细节理解题的方法例证题一定要注意以forexample……,suchas……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一性概念题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。\n细节理解题一InEuropeitquiteusualtocrossyourlegswhenyouaresittingtalkingtosomeoneevenatanimportantmeeting.DoingthisinThailand,however,couldbringabouttrouble.Also,youshouldtrytoavoidtouchingtheheadofanadult——it'sjustnotdoneinThailand.Q：Tocrossone'slegsatanimportantmeetinginEuropeis_______.A.acommonhabitB.animportantmannerC.aserioustroubleD.abadmanner\n细节理解题二BigBenisnotthenameofaman.ItisthenameofahugeclockinLondon.LondonisthecapitalofEngland.Thisclockhasfourfaces.So，nomatterwhereyoustand，youcanreadthetimeonthefaceofBigBen.Eachfaceisthesizeofadoubledecker（层）bus.Thehandsareaboutfourmeterslong.Itisaboutthesizeoftwopeoplestandingontopofeachother.IfyougotoLondon，youmaywanttovisittheHousesofParliament（国会大厦）.ThereyouwillfindBigBensitsatthetopoftheclocktowerintheHousesofParliament.Maybeyouwillhearitaswellasseeit.Thehugeclockmakessuchaloudnoise.“Dingdong，dingdong，”itgoeseveryquarterofanhour.Q：Theclockstrikesevery_______ofanhour.A.tenminutes　　　　B.fifteenminutesC.thirtyminutes　　　D.forty-fiveminutes\n二、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的归纳、领会和理解能力。主旨大意题常见的提问形式：1）主旨句设问类型：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？2）最佳标题选择类型：Thebesttitleforthispassageis……3）作者主旨意图类型：Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？\n做主旨大意题的方法主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。\n做主旨大意题的方法此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为advise,convince,present,propose,warn,suggest等。\n主旨大意题一Haveyoueverbeenill?Whenyouareill，youmustbeunhappybecauseyourbodybecomeshot，andtherearepainsalloveryourbody.Youdon'twanttowork，youstayinbed，feelingverysad.Whatmakesusill?Itisgerms(细菌).Germsareeverywhere.Theyareverysmallandyoucan'tfindthemwithyoureyes，butyoucanseethemwithamicroscope.Theyareverysmallandtherecouldbehundredsofthemonaverysmallthing.Germsarealwaysfoundindirtywater.Whenwelookatdirtywaterunderthemicroscope，weshallseetheminit.Soyourfatherandmotherwillnotletyoudrinkdirtywater.Q：What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Germsmaymakeusill.B.Germsareindirtywater.C.Don'tdrinkdirtywater.D.Takecareofyourfingers.\n主旨大意题二InEngland,peopleoftentalkabouttheweatherbecausetheycanexperiencefourseasonsinoneday.Inthemorningtheweatheriswarmjustlikeinspring.Anhourlaterblackcloudscomeandthenitrainshard.Theweathergetsalittlecold.Inthelateafternoontheskywillbesunny,thesunwillbegintoshine,anditwillbesummeratthistimeofaday.InEngland,peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter,orhavewinterinsummer.Soinwintertheycanswimsometimes,andinsummersometimestheyshouldtakewarmclothes.WhenyougotoEngland,youwillseethatsomeEnglishpeopleusuallytakeanumbrellaoraraincoatwiththeminthesunnymorning,butyoushouldnotlaughatthem.Ifyoudon'ttakeanumbrellaoraraincoat,youwillregretlaterintheday.Q：Thebesttitle(标题)forthispassageis________.A.BadSeasonsB.SummerorWinterC.TheWeatherinEnglandD.StrangeEnglishPeople\n三、推理判断题此类题主要考察对原文给出的信息进行合理推理判断，得出相关结论的能力，注意它是对原文的推理，所以原文语句不能选。有时除了根据原文推理判断之外，还要借助事实、常识进行合乎逻辑和情理的判断。推理判断题常见的提问形式为Wecaninfer/imply/learnfromthispassagethat……\n做推理判断题的方法推理判断题分两种：对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。做此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能选，不能凭空推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。\n推理判断题一Scientistssay,"Allfoodcomesinsomewayfromplants."Well,isthattrue?Animalseatgrassandgrowfat.Thenweeattheirmeat.Littlefisheatlittlesea-plants,thenbiggerfishswimalongandeatthe……Chickenseatbitsofgrassandgiveus……Thinkforaminute.Whatfooddoesnotcomefromplantsinsomeway?Q：Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_______donotcomefromplantsinsomeway.A.fewkindsoffood　B.meatandfishC.cheeseandchickenD.woodandpaper\n推理判断题二Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessarytodothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1."What'sthematter？""Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…"2."Ifeelsotiredthesedays.""Ithinkyou'dbetter…"3."Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…"Youcanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.So"guessing"isveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especiallyspokenEnglish.Q：Fromthepassagewecaninferthatguessingis_______inlearningaforeignlanguage.A.theonlywayB.moreimportantinspokenEnglishthaninwrittenEnglishC.moreimportantthananyotherwayD.moreimportantinwrittenEnglishthaninspokenEnglish\n四、猜测词义题该类题型主要考查利用上下文语境、构词法对某些生词、难句做出推测和判断。所考单词通常都会超出教学大纲范围。猜测词义题的常见提问形式有：Theword/phrase……means/refers……\n做猜测词义题的方法要做好此类题，第一要熟练掌握大纲单词，平时注意积累生词和短语。第二，要把词放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。第三，注意词、句的位置,确定结构关系。第四，要善于利用连词、代词及词性、同义词法、反义词法等进行判断选择。第五，要善于利用构词法，如词根、前缀、后缀等进行判断。\n猜测词义题一（以定义为线索猜测词义）Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.句中“ventilation"可能是个生词，但is后面是对该词的明确定义。什么系统或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢？所以不难看出"ventilation"这个词是通风设备。\n猜测词义题一（以定义为线索猜测词义）Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained(娱乐)thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.此句中，who引导的定语从句对生词"prestidigitator"给出了非常清楚的定义或解释，根据这一定义，读者不难猜出presitidigitator的词义。能从帽子里拉出兔子、吞火何玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗？因此，“prestidigitator"一词的词义就应是”变戏法者”\n猜测词义题二（以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义）Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.此句中，作者考虑到“supersede"一词可能是生词，紧接着用or引出该词的同义词"replace".读者课根据replace一词的词义很容易推断出"supersede"一词的大概意思来，即“取代，接替”。\n猜测词义题二（以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义）Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipleoftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.此句中，作者把学校的校长和母亲相比，有相同之处和不同之处。校长比母亲年纪大，个子矮些，但有一点是相同的，用"as...as"结构表示出来。从这一对比中，可以看出fat和plump是近义词，即“肥胖的”那么，plump一词的意思就能猜出个大概了。\n猜测词义题三（以反义词为线索猜测词义）Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everthingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.此句中，以信号词however为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去进行对比。过去是“inanorderlyway"而现在是”inastateofturmoil",过去是秩序井然，现在则是相反，那就是一片混乱。\n猜测词义题四（以列举的句子为线索猜测词义）Defined(定义)mostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration..此句中，includes后面的例子基本上表示出了"folklore"的内容范围，即人们一代传一代的那些风俗习惯、信仰何传统的东西。这些东西都属于通常所说的“名俗学，民俗传统的东西。这也就是"folklore"一词的基本含义。\n猜测词义题五（以重述为线索猜测词义）Beforethemainbusinessofaconference(会议)beginsthechairmanusuallymakesashortpreliminary,hesaysafewthingsbywayofintroduction.阅读此句时，如果知道hesaysafewthingsbywayofintroduction是在开会之前主席所做的一些简单的介绍，就可以猜出preliminaryspeech是“开场白”。\n猜测词义题六（以因果关系为线索猜测词义）SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.从信号词since以及相关信息，可以看出生词replica所处的上下文存在很明显的因果关系，可以猜出是“复制品”。