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英语学案之宾语从句1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语) MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语) 2.宾语从句的引导词有三类: (1) 以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron. Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus. (2) 以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序 eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithu? Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin. (3) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序 eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei. 3.宾语从句的时态 (1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning. Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow? (2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。 eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow. Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft. (3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound. Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews 注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。 1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic. 2. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether. eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?\n 3. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether. eg,Youcan'tworktheplanoutifyoudon'thavethemeeting. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. Theteacheraskedthestudents________. A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted 解析:宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果. 应选A 2. Couldyoutellme_______? A. whatthematteriswithyou B.whatwasthematterwithyou C.hat'sthematterwithyou D.what'sthewrongwithyou. 解析:what就是从句的主语,what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C. 3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn." A.if B.weather C.what D.that 解析:此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather意为天气,根据句意应选A. 4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth. A.went B.turned C.go D.turns 解析:从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选D 5.Itmakesnodifference__________. A. whetherwillyoucometomorrow. B. Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam C. Ifhewillcometothemeetingornot D. Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot 解析:答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。因此此题选D 6.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare. A.that B.what C.why D.which 解析:what表示职业,因此选B. 7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.\n A.what B.that C.which D.who 解析:根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。应选A. 8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________. A.todowhat,todohow B.whattodoit,howtodoit C.whattodo,howtodoit D.whattodo,howtodo 解析:疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确 应选C 练习与巩固: 1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek? ---NextFriday.Whenit ________,Iwillringyou. A.begins,begins B.begins,willbegin C.willbegin,willbegin D.willbegin,begins 2.---Todayortomorrow? ---Whatareyoutalkingabout? ---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO. A.how B.where C.when D.what 3.Iwonder_________. A.wheredoeshelive B.wherehelive C.heliveswhere D.wherehelives 4.---Areyou sureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate. ---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow. A.where B.why C.when D.how 5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________? ---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo. A.wherewasyourmotherborn B.whereyourmotherwasborn C.whenwasyourmotherborn D.whenyourmotherwasborn 6.Thephotographwillshowyou________. A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslike C.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike 7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?\n ---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free. A.willcome,willbe B.willcome,are C.come,are D.come,willbe 8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom? ---Pardon? ---Iaskedwhere_________. A….didhecomefrom B.hecamefrom C.hecomesfrom D.doeshecomefrom 9.Shewondered__________. A.howmuchhecostthecomputer B.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthim D.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer 10.---Doyouknow________? ---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisa businessman. A. whoheis B.whoishe C.whathedoes D.whatdoeshedo