初中英语被动语态复习 5页

初中英语被动语态复习被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+Vp.p(动词的过去分词）1)be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化am/is/are+V(过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）willbe+V(过去分词）情态动词+be+V(过去分词）1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed2)以不发音e结尾的加-d3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edwatch---watchedpractice---practicedstudy---studiedstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisbeenhavedodonearehashadwritewrittegogone改为被动语态Heplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)\nTreesareplantedbyhiminspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youareinvitedtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vpp一般过去时V-ed/madewas/were+Vpp一般将来时will+V(原形)will+be+Vpp含情态动词情态动词+V(原形)情态动词+be+Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成:\n何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives(areused)forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom(arecleaned)twiceamonth.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.\n(Theticketwasfound)onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She(wastold)toreturnthebookintime.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He(wasmadetohave)onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers(canbeused)tohelpthem.7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?(Weremanytreesplanted)atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?(Mustourworkbefinished)today?9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)(weweregiven)somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps(weregiventous)..10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom(wasasked)toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework(isdone)bywomeninthisfactory.12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike(canbemended)intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine(mustbetaken)threetimesaday.14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German(isstudied)bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?(Is)thisquestionoften(talked)about(bythem)?1)Teenagersshould(beallowed)(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone(wasinvented)(invent)byBell.3)English(isspoken)(speak)inChina.4)Thecar(ismade)(make)inChina.\n5)Theroommust(becleaned)ismade(clean)everyday.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词1.Bikesaremadeofmetal.2.Myshirtisboughtbymymother.3.Thebridgewasbuiltin1951.4.Theworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.5.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtosmoke6.Theflowersmustbewateredeveryday.