初中英语语态复习题 3页

动词的语态一、概念类别概念例句主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Englishisspokenbymanypeople.二、被动语态的用法用法举例不知道动作的执行者是谁Thisjacketismadeofcotton.没有必要或不想说出谁是动作的执行者Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.强调或突出动作的承受者时Shewasaskedtosingasongyesterday.出于礼貌、措辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者Youareinvitedtoapartyateighto’clocktomorrow.三、主动语态变被动语态的方法举例：四、构成方法时态语态动词形式(以do为例)例句一般现在时主动do/doesWestudyEnglish.被动am/is/aredoneEnglishisstudiedbyus.一般过去时主动didHemendedthebikeyesterday.被动was/weredoneThebikewasmendedbyhimyesterday.情态动词主动can/may/mustdoCanyoucutdownthetrees?被动can/may/mustbedoneCanthetreesbecutdownbyyou?一般将来时主动shall/willdoWe’llfinishtheworktomorrow.被动shall/willbedoneTheworkwillbefinishedbyustomorrow.现在进行时主动am/is/aredoingTheyareplantingtreesbytheriver.被动am/is/arebeingdoneTreesarebeingplantedbythembytheriver.现在完成时主动have/hasdoneMaryhasfinishedthework.被动have/hasbeendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyMary.主动was/weredoingIwaswritingalettertomyuncleateightyesterday.\n过去进行时被动was/werebeingdoneAletterwasbeingwrittentomyunclebymeateightyesterday.过去完成时主动haddoneTheyhadfinishedtheworkbeforeyesterday.被动hadbeendoneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbythembeforeyesterday.过去将来时主动woulddoHesaidtheywouldputdowntheoldbuilding.被动wouldbedoneHesaidtheoldbuildingwouldbeputdownbythem.说明主动变被动，时态不变动五、被动语态的一些特殊运用形式1．短语动词的被动语态　　由及物动词和介词或副词一起构成的短语如果可以带宾语的话，也可以有被动语态。用于被动结构的短语动词应注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：Thelibrarybooksmustbetakengoodcareof.图书馆藏书必须好好保管。2．主动结构表示被动意义　　中考单项选择题，随处可见主动结构表示被动意义的考题，它自然是中考被动语态考点的一个大热点。（1）open,lock,sell,read,write,clean,cut,wash,burn,teach,drive,shut等及物动词在用作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.这种样式的裙子很好卖。Thecardriveswell.这车很好开。（2）end,cook,do,print,copy,sell,workout,build等动词的现在进行时态表示被动意义。Ournewteachingbuildingisbuilding.我们的新教学楼正建着。（3）look,taste,smell,seem,sound等连系动词主动意义表示被动意义。如：Thedresslooksniceonyou.你穿着这条裙子很漂亮。Thedishtastesgood.这道菜味道很好。（4）beworthdoing结构中doing为主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thetopiciswellworthtalkingabout.这个话题很值得一谈。（5）want,need,require等动词表示“需要”，后面常可跟动词-ing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。如：Allthesecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthesecomputersneedtoberepaired.所有这些电脑都需要修理。（6）在too…to…及enoughto结构中有时表示被动意义。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.这道题太难，解不出来。3．被动语态后动词形式的选择　　主动句中在感观动词see,lookat,hear,listento,feel,watch,notice及使役动词make,let,have等等动词后不跟带to的动词不定式，而在被动句中该不定式符号应加上。SomeonesawJackentertheteacher’soffice.=Jackwasseentoentertheteacher’soffice.(to不能丢)有人看见杰克进入教师办公室了。4．不定式的被动结构tobedone。如：Mywatchdoesn’tworkwell,itneedstoberepaired.我的手表走得不准，它需要修理了。Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.另外还有20棵树要种。5．有些被动语态结构成了习惯用法。如：Itissaidthat…　据说……Itis(was)reportedthat…　据报道(有人报告)……Itiswellknownthat…　众所周知……6．与被动语态相关的句型和习语。beusedfor(doing)　被用来(做……)bemadeof(silk)　由(丝)制成的bemadein(China)　在(中国)制造befilledwith(water)　用(水)装满becoveredwith/by　用(被)……覆盖getdressed　穿衣\ngetwashed　洗(脸、手)等getstarted　开始1．Someadvice______usbytheteacherlasttime.A．weregivento　　　B．gavetoC．wasgivento　　　　D．gave2．ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset.Nowit______byUncleWang.A．ismending　　　　　B．mendsC．ismended　　　　D．isbeingmended3．WuDong______thenewwordsyesterday.A．madetocopy　　B．wasmadetocopyC．wasmadecopy　　　D．madecopy4．Yesterdaytheboy______inacaraccident.A．washit　　　　　　B．washittedC．hit　　　　　　　　D．washitting5．Thestars______inthedaytime.A．canbeseen　　　　B．canseeC．can’tbeseen　　　D．can’tsee6．EveryChristmassomepresents______Tombyhisrelatives.A．buy　　　　　　B．areboughttoC．areboughtfor　　D．buyfor7．About500cars______inthefactorynextmonth.A．wereproduced　　B．willproduceC．havebeenproducedD．willbeproduced8．Nooneknowshowthehugerocks______and______withoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsago.A．arecut;moved　　　　B．werecut;moveC．arecut;moving　　　D．werecut;moved9．Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I______tohelpwiththeharvestonthefarm.A．asked　　　　　　　　B．wasaskedC．wasasking　　　　　　D．hadasked10．—Whatdoestheradiosay?—Itsaysthatawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.A．bebuilding　　　　　　B．willbebuiltC．bebuilt　　　　　　　D．isbuilt11．Oldpeoplemust______.A．bespokentopolitely　B．speaktopoliteC．bespokenpolitely　D．bespokentopolite12．Duringthepasttwentyyearsgreatchanges______inourhometown.A．havetakenplaceB．havebeentakenplaceC．tookplace　　　　D．weretakenplace13．Yourmotherisbadlyill.She’dbetter______rightnow.A．beoperatedon　　B．beoperatedC．tobeoperated　　D．tobeoperatedon14．—Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon?—Yes,Everystudent______aboutit.A．havetold　　B．havebeentoldC．hastold　　D．hasbeentold15．Thebookisveryinteresting.Itiswellworth______.A．reading　　B．toreadC．beingread　D．toberead16．TheIraqiWar______manydays.A．waslasted　B．lastC．hasbeenlasted　　　D．lasted