初中英语倒装句讲解 6页

初中英语倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。以下就分别讲述这两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句，不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话，我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。一、部分倒装就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一).only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其他OnlywhenhetoldmethenewsdidIknowwhathadhappened.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.Onlythrougheducationcanweriseintheworld.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1.Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.A.youcanhope   B.youdidhope   C.canyouhope   D.didyouhope2．Amongallthepeople,onlyyouknowthetruth.(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never,little,seldom,not,notonly,notuntil，nosooner(…than)，hardly(…when)，rarely，scarcely，innoway等。Weseldomgetupatfourinthemorning.=Seldomdowegetupatfourinthemorning.(1)hardly…when；scarcely…when…；nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。&Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.&NosoonerhadhearrivedinBeijingthanhebegantowork.(2)notonly…butalso如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.Notonlyishebusy，butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.NotonlydoeshespeakEnglishverywell，butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.典型例题Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebegan　　　　　B.　hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebegin　　　D.　hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when　等等。注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。(三).在so…that,such…that句型中，若把so,such引导的结构放在句首时。\nSofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.1．Sodifficult_____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.I'vefelt   BhaveIfelt   C.Ididfeel  D.didIfeel(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were,had或should放在句首时。IfIwereyou，Iwouldtakethejob.=WereIyou，Iwouldtakethejob.例题：________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.Were  B.Should   C.Would  D.Will(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。IlikereadingEnglish,sodoeshe.(六).把neither,nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。　Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.典型例题　---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?　---Idon'tknow,_____.　A.nordon'tIcare　　B.nordoIcare　　C.Idon'tcareneither　　D.Idon'tcarealso答案：B.nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。　注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。典型例题：1）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis　　A.mandidknow　B.manknew　C.didn'tmanknow　D.didmanknow答案为D.　否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.　A.didn'tIrealize　　B.didIrealize　　C.Ididn'trealize　D.Irealize　答案为B。3)　DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?　Idon'tknow,___.　A.nordon'tIcare　B.nordoIcare　　C.Idon'tcareneither　D.Idon'tcarealso　解析：答案为B.　句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。Tryhardashewill，heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Childasheis,heknowsalot.&．________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveled      B.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveled        D.AsIhavetraveledsomuch(八).由however,nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，nomatterhow+形容词/副词放在句首时。&．________,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.\nA.Howeverlateishe          B.HoweverheislateC.Howeverishelate          D.Howeverlateheis注意：always\often\particularly\manytimes\manyatime放在句首时，句子进行部分倒装。AlwaysamIamazedwhenI　hearpeoplesayingthatcomputerscanreplaceteachers.二、全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(一).用于地点副词here,there,方位副词out,in,up,down及时间副词now,then等开头的句子里，以示强调。Theregoesthebell.Look!Heretheycome.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Hereitis.Awayhewent.Herewego这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Herecomesthebus.Outrushedtheboys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be,lie,sit,stand,come,walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。Underthetablearethreewhitecats.Infrontofthetowerflewsastream.10．Underabigtree________,halfasleep.A.didsatafatman    B.afatmansatC.didafatmansat    D.satafatman(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。(1)形容词+系动词+主语PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.(2)过去分词+系动词+主语Hiddenbehindthedoorweresomenaughtychildren.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.(3)介词短语+系动词+主语Infrontoftheplaygroundisanewly-builthouse.(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。\nTheyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!Mayyouallbehappy.练习：1.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealize   B.didIrealize   C.Ididn'trealize   D.Irealized2.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday____beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcan   B.canyou   C.youwill   D.willyou3.Ifyoudon'tgo，neither____.   A.shallI   B.doI   C.Ido   D.Ishall 4.Nosooner____tothestation____thetrainleft.  A.hadIgot，when   B.Ihadgot，than   C.hadIgot，than   D.didIget，when 5.——Yourfatherisverystrictwithyou.      ____.Heneverletsoffasinglemistakeofours. A.Soheis   B.Soishe   C.Heisso   D.Sodoeshe 6.____today，hewouldgettherebySunday. A.Wouldheleave   B.Washeleaving   C.Werehetoleave   D.Ifheleave 7.Neverinmylife____suchathing. A.Ihaveheardorhaveseen  B.haveIheardorseen C.Ihaveheardorseen D.didIhearorsee 8.——Here____！WhereisXiaoLiu？   ——There____.   A.comesthebus，ishe B.comesthebus，heisC.thebuscomes，isheD.thebuscomes，heis 9.____，Iwillnotbuyit.  A.MuchasdoIlikeit   B.AsmuchIlikeit   C.MuchasIlikeit   D.AsIlikeitmuch10.——Ilikefootball.Idon'tlikevolleyball.   ——____.   A.SodoI   B.NeitherdoI   C.Soitiswithme   D.Soisitwithme 11._____theexpense，I_____toItaly.  A.Ifitwerenot，go   B.Wereitnotfor，wouldgo  C.Weren'titfor，willgo   D.Ifithadn'tbeen，wouldhavegone12.So_____inthedarknessthathedidn'tdaretomoveaninch. A.hewasfrightened   B.washefrightened   C.frightenedhewas   D.frightenedwashe 13.Iwonderifyourwifewillgototheball.Ifyourwife_____，so_____mine.  A.does，will   B.will，does   C.will，would   D.does，do\n 14.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain_____itsmainidea.  A.thatIknew   B.didIknew   C.1couldknow   D.Ididknow 15.——IseldomwatchTV，butlistentotheradioalot..    ——_____ .   A.SodoI   B.NeitherdoI   C.I，mthesame   D.Soitiswithme  16.Soexcited_____thathecouldn'tsayaword.  A.heseemed   B.didheseem   C.washeseeming   D.hedidlook  17.Little______when1tookthetripwhereitwouldleadme.   A.haveIknown   B.hadIknown   C.do1know   D.didIknow  18.——Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore？----____.   A.No，IneverhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeB.No，neverIhaveseenanythinglikethatbefore   C.No，neverhave1seenanythinglikethatbeforeD.No，Ihaveseenanythinglikethatbeforenever19._____，1wouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.   A.WereIyou   B.WasIyou   C.HadIbeenyou   D.Would1beyou  20.Youshouldworkless_____.   A.andneithershouldI   B.andsoshouldI   C.andnorshouldI  D.andsoIshould  21._____andcaughtthemouse.   A.Upthecatjumped   B.Thecatupjumped   C.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat  22.Notonly_____apromise，butalsohekeptit.   A.didhemake   B.hemade   C.doeshemake   D.hashemade  23.Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears._____.   A.Soishisaunt   B.Sohashisaunt   C.Sohisauntdoes   D.Soitiswithhisaunt  24.Notonce_____theirplan.   A.didtheychange   B.theychanged   C.changedthey   D.theydidchange 25.Notuntilhearrivedhome_____hefindthatthiswallethadbeenstolen.   A.did   B.would   C.when   D.that  26.Nowhereelseintheworld_____cheapertailoring（裁缝业，成衣业）thaninHongKong.   A.atouristcanfind   B.canatouristfind   C.atouristwillfind   D.atouristhasfound  27._____succeedindoinganything.   A.Onlybyworkinghardwecan   B.Byonlyworkinghardwecan   C.Onlywecanbyworkinghard   D.Onlybyworkinghardcanwe\n  28._____thatweallwentout，lyinginthesun.A.Sofinewastheweather   B.Sowasthefineweather C.Theweatherwassofinewas   D.Sotheweatherwastine  29.____aniceman____thatweallbelievehim.   A.So，didheseem   B.So，heseemed   C.Such，heseemed   D.Such，didheseem  30.____，heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.   A.Tryashedoes   B.Ashetries   C.Tryasdoeshe   D.Astryhedoes 31.Socarelessly_____thathealmostkilledhimself.   A.hedrives   B.doeshedrive   C.didhedrive   D.hedrove32.Nosooner____theyrushedoutintothestreet.   A.didtheyhearthenewsthan   B.didtheyhearthenewswhen   C.hadtheyheardthenewsthan   D.hadtheyheardthenewswhen 33.Littlewonder_____uptheirhandsindismay.   A.havesomethrown   B.somehavethrown   C.thrownsomehave   D.havethrownsome 34.____，hewouldhavepassedtheexam.   A.Ifheweretostudy   B.Ifhestudiedhard   C.Hadhestudiedhard  D.Shouldhestudyhard 35.Wewereluckyenough，fornosooner_____home_____itrained.A.wereturned，and   B.wehadreturned，when   C.didwereturn，when   D.hadwereturned，than 36._____herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.   A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan   B.HardlydiditgrowdarkwhenC.Itwasnotuntildarkthat   D.Itwasuntildarkthat    答案：1~5BDACA6~10CBBCC11~15BDABD16~20BDCAB21~25CADAA26~30BDADA31~36CCBCDC