初中英语语法：句型转换 9页

初中英语语法：句型转换 每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。   Ⅰ.题型介绍   所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。   Ⅱ.题型分类   从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换；②词组与句子的转换；③同义句型的转换；④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。   Ⅲ.具体分类如下   一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换\n   1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等，例如：：   A：Tomdoeswellinmaths.   B：Tomdoesn'tdoinmaths.   A：Hehasmuchtodo.   B：Hehasnothingtodo.   A：Allofmyclassmateslikeart.   B：Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.   2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：   A：Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.   B：Does yourbrotheroften have breakfastatschool?   A：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish.   B：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish,isn'the?   A：Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.   B：Howoftendoestheredlightchange?\n   3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：   A：Thisisaninterestingbook.   B：Whataninterestingbookthisis!   或Howinterestingthisbookis!   二、同义句转换。   根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：   1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。   常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spend-take-cost-take）；(2)三个“到达”（getto-reach-arrivein/at）；(3)四个“收到…来信”（hearfrom-getaletterfrom-receivealetterfrom-havealetterfrom）；(4)两个“擅长于…”（begoodat-dowellin）；(5)两个“有空”（befree-havetime）；(6)三个“入睡”（gotosleep-gettosleep-fallasleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoyoneself-haveagoodtime）；(8)“给…打电话”（callsb.-telephonesb.-ringsb.acall-makeatelephonetosb.）(9)“飞往…”（flyto…-goto…byair/plane）(10)“自学”（teachoneself-learn…by\noneself）(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help…(to)do…(12)在…差beweakin…-dobadlyin…(13)能/会…can-beableto(14)更喜欢…like…betterthan…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…befullof…-befilledwith…(16)放弃干…giveupdoing…-stopdoing…(17)不再…nolonger-not…anylonger(18)照顾/保管takecareof…-lookafter(19)展览onshow-ondisplay(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing-keep/prevent…fromdoing…(21)由于thanksto-becauseof…(22)举手handsup-putupone'shands(23)最后，终于atlast-intheend(24)与…不同bedifferentfrom…-benotthesameas…(25)从…借入…borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi-takeabus/train/taxito…(27)乘自行车去…goto…bybike-rideabiketo…(28)为…感到自豪beproudof…-betheprideof…(29)步行去…walkto…-goto…onfoot(30)独自地byoneself-alone等。例如：   A：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.   B：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.   2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①Itseemsthat从句→Somebodyseems（tobe）+adj/n ②It'skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…③Whatdoes…mean?→Whatdoyoumeanby…?或What'sthemeaningof…?④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…⑤not…until…\n与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换⑥What'swrongwith…?→What'sthematterwith…? ⑦Howis…?→What's…like…?⑧Howdoyoulike…?→Whatdoyouthinkof?⑧It'stimethat…→It'stimeforsb.todo…⑨It'ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…⑩CanIhelpyou?→WhatcanIdoforyou?例如：  A：IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.  B：Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.  3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：   A：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,they'llgotothepark.   B：Unlessitrainstomorrow,they'llgotothepark.   A：Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.   B：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.   A：Fishcan'tliveifthereisnowater.   B：Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.   4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have,borrow-keep,die-bedead,open-beopen,join-be\nin+组织/bea+成员,begin-beon,leave-beawayfrom,close-beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto-bein/at,finsh-beover,gotosleep-beasleep，getup-beup.例如：Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.It'sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.   5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。   ①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：   A：Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.    B：Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.   A：Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.   B：Theteacherfoundherveryclever.   A：HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.   B：HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.   A：Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.   B：Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.\n   由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：   A：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?   B：Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?   A：Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.   B：Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.   ②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…例如：   A：Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.   B：Theywenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.   A：Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.   B：Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.   Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数   A：Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.\n   B：Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.   ③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如：   A：TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.   B：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.   或：Theboxisn'tlightenoughformetocarry.   A：Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.   B：Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.   ④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如：   A：Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.   B：Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.   ⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如：   A：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseitrained.   B：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.\n   ⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：   A：ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.   B：ThemanonthebikeisJim.   A：Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.   B：Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.   A：ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.   B：ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.